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Studies On The Effect Of Rhizosphere On Development Of Charcoal Rot In Sorghum And Saprophytic Survival Of Macrophomina Phaseolina Tassi Goid
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Book Synopsis Studies on the Effect of Rhizosphere on Development of Charcoal Rot in Sorghum and Saprophytic Survival of Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid). by : G. Sekhar
Download or read book Studies on the Effect of Rhizosphere on Development of Charcoal Rot in Sorghum and Saprophytic Survival of Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid). written by G. Sekhar and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica by :
Download or read book Acta Phytopathologica Et Entomologica Hungarica written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Further Studies on Charcoal Rot of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Caused by Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi Goid). by : Adsul S S.
Download or read book Further Studies on Charcoal Rot of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Caused by Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi Goid). written by Adsul S S. and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological Pathology of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum Incited by Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid by : B. Venkata Rao
Download or read book Physiological Pathology of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum Incited by Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid written by B. Venkata Rao and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissecting the Molecular Responses of Sorghum Bicolor to Macrophomina Phaseolina Infection by : Y. M. Ananda Yapa Bandara
Download or read book Dissecting the Molecular Responses of Sorghum Bicolor to Macrophomina Phaseolina Infection written by Y. M. Ananda Yapa Bandara and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charcoal rot, caused by the necrotrophic fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is an important disease in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The molecular interactions between sorghum and M. phaseolina are poorly understood. In this study, a large-scale RNA-Seq experiment and four follow-up functional experiments were conducted to understand the molecular basis of charcoal rot resistance and/or susceptibility in sorghum. In the first experiment, stalk mRNA was extracted from charcoal-rot-resistant (SC599) and susceptible (Tx7000) genotypes and subjected to RNA sequencing. Upon M. phaseolina inoculation, 8560 genes were differentially expressed between the two genotypes, out of which 2053 were components of 200 known metabolic pathways. Many of these pathways were significantly up-regulated in the susceptible genotype and are thought to contribute to enhanced pathogen nutrition and virulence, impeded host basal immunity, and reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS)-mediated host cell death. The paradoxical hormonal regulation observed in pathogen-inoculated Tx7000 was characterized by strongly upregulated salicylic acid and down-regulated jasmonic acid pathways. These findings provided useful insights into induced host susceptibility in response to this necrotrophic fungus at the whole-genome scale. The second experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamics of host oxidative stress under pathogen infection. Results showed M. phaseolina's ability to significantly increase the ROS and RNS content of two charcoal-rot-susceptible genotypes, Tx7000 and BTx3042. Over-accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) in stalk tissues in the pathogen-inoculated susceptible genotypes was confirmed using a NO-specific fluorescent probe and confocal microscopy. Significantly increased malondialdehyde content confirmed the enhanced oxidative stress experienced by the susceptible genotypes after pathogen inoculation. These findings suggested the contribution of oxidative stress-associated induced cell death on charcoal rot susceptibility under infection. In the third functional experiment, the behavior of the sorghum antioxidant system after pathogen inoculation was investigated. M. phaseolina significantly increased the glutathione s- transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and peroxidase activities of the susceptible genotypes (Tx7000, BTx3042) but not in the resistant genotypes (SC599, SC35). Increased activities of these enzymes in susceptible genotypes may contribute to reduced oxidative stress thus lowering charcoal rot susceptibility. The fourth functional experiment was designed to quantify induced host-derived cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) using crude enzyme mixtures from stalks. A gel diffusion assay revealed significantly increased pectinesterase activity in pathogen-inoculated Tx7000 and BTx3042 while significantly increased polygalacturonase activity was determined by absorbance. Fluorimetric determination of cell extracts revealed significantly increased cellulose degrading enzyme activity in M. phaseolina-inoculated Tx7000 and BTx3042. These findings revealed the pathogen's ability to promote charcoal rot susceptibility in grain sorghum through induced host CWDEs. The last functional study was designed to profile the stalk tissue lipidome of Tx7000 and SC599 after M. phaseolina inoculation using automated direct infusion electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). M. phaseolina significantly decreased the phytosterol, phosphatidylserine, and ox-lipid contents in Tx7000 while significantly increasing stigmasterol:sitosterol ratio. Except for ox-lipid content, none of the above was significantly affected in resistant SC599. Results suggested the lethal impacts of M. phaseolina inoculation on plastid- and cell- membrane integrity and the lipid-based signaling capacity of Tx7000. Findings shed light on the host lipid classes that contribute to induced charcoal rot susceptibility in grain sorghum.
Book Synopsis Studies on Management of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum Caused by Macrophomina Phaseloina Goid by : N. D. Mahajan
Download or read book Studies on Management of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum Caused by Macrophomina Phaseloina Goid written by N. D. Mahajan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variation in Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, Causing Charcoal Rot of Sorghum by : SUBRAMANIAM J
Download or read book Variation in Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, Causing Charcoal Rot of Sorghum written by SUBRAMANIAM J and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Weed Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on Charcoal Rot of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) Caused by Macrophomina Phaselina (Tassi) Gold. Part II Studies on Pod Rot of Drumstick (Moringa Oleifera L.) Caused by Drech and Jain Ex. M.B. Ellis by : Kshirsagar C R.
Download or read book Studies on Charcoal Rot of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) Caused by Macrophomina Phaselina (Tassi) Gold. Part II Studies on Pod Rot of Drumstick (Moringa Oleifera L.) Caused by Drech and Jain Ex. M.B. Ellis written by Kshirsagar C R. and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Charcoal Rot of Corn and Sorghum by : Jesse Elmer Livingston
Download or read book Charcoal Rot of Corn and Sorghum written by Jesse Elmer Livingston and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Control of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Caused by Macrophomina Phaseoline (Tassi) Goid by : Sunil A. Desai
Download or read book Biological Control of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Caused by Macrophomina Phaseoline (Tassi) Goid written by Sunil A. Desai and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pathologicl, Physiological and Toxicological Investigations on Macrophominon Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Incitant of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum by : T. Ganga Nageswar Rao
Download or read book Pathologicl, Physiological and Toxicological Investigations on Macrophominon Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Incitant of Charcoal Rot of Sorghum written by T. Ganga Nageswar Rao and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Study of Resistance to Charcoal Rot and Fusarium Stalk Rot Diseases of Sorghum by : Adedayo Adeyanju
Download or read book Genetic Study of Resistance to Charcoal Rot and Fusarium Stalk Rot Diseases of Sorghum written by Adedayo Adeyanju and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot caused by Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina respectively are devastating global diseases in sorghum that lead to severe quality and yield loss each year. In this study, three sets of interrelated experiments were conducted that will potentially lead to the development of resistance based control option to these diseases. The first experiment was aimed at identifying sources of resistance to infection by M. phaseolina and F. thapsinum in a diverse panel of 300 sorghum genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated in three environments following artificial inoculation. Out of a total of 300 genotypes evaluated, 95 genotypes were found to have resistance to M. phaseolina and 77 to F. thapsinum of which 53 genotypes were resistant to both pathogens. In the second experiment, a set of 79,132 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were used in an association study to identify genomic regions underlying stalk rot resistance using a multi-locus mixed model association mapping approach. We identified 14 loci associated with stalk rot and a set of candidate genes that appear to be involved in connected functions controlling plant defense response to stalk rot resistance. The associated SNPs accounted for 19-30% of phenotypic variation observed within and across environments. An analysis of associated allele frequencies within the major sorghum subpopulations revealed enrichment for resistant alleles in the durra and caudatum subpopulations compared with other subpopulations. The findings suggest a complicated molecular mechanism of resistance to stalk rots. The objective of the third experiment was to determine the functional relationship between stay-green trait, leaf dhurrin and soluble sugar levels and resistance to stalk rot diseases. Fourteen genotypic groups derived from a Tx642 × Tx7000 RIL population carrying combinations of stay-green quantitative trait loci were evaluated under three environments in four replications. The stg QTL had variable effects on stalk rot disease. Genotypes carrying stg1, stg3, stg1,3 and stg1,2,3,4 expressed good levels of resistance to M. phaseolina but the combination of stg1 and stg3 was required to express the same level of resistance to F. thapsinum. Other stg QTL blocks such as stg2 and stg4 did not have any impact on stalk rot resistance caused by both pathogens. There were no significant correlations between leaf dhurrin, soluble sugar concentration, and resistance to any of the pathogens.
Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Yield Components and Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) Resistance in Rabi Sorghum (sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench). by : K. Hussain Sahib
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Yield Components and Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) Resistance in Rabi Sorghum (sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench). written by K. Hussain Sahib and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Control of Plant Diseases by : E.C. Tjamos
Download or read book Biological Control of Plant Diseases written by E.C. Tjamos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers contained in this book were presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) held at Cape Sounion, Athens, Greece, 19-24 May, 1991. The twenty-eight more comprehensive papers represent the key subjects of the ARW covered by invited speakers. The thirty-four short papers pre sented in a research format are contributions of those invited to participate in the ARW. There was a total of 70 participants from 21 countries. The objectives of the ARW were as follows: to review current knowledge of biological control of plant diseases and plant parasitic nematodes, with emphasis on mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecosystem level; to examine and expand on current concepts and synthesize new concepts; to identify and prioritize limitations in the use of biological control for plant diseases and nematodes and the scientific research needed to overcome these limitations; and to develop strategies for biological control through management of resident agents or introduction of natural or modified agents.
Book Synopsis Plant Microbiomes for Sustainable Agriculture by : Ajar Nath Yadav
Download or read book Plant Microbiomes for Sustainable Agriculture written by Ajar Nath Yadav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the current knowledge of plant microbiomes and their potential biotechnological application for plant growth, crop yield and soil health for sustainable agriculture. The plant microbiomes (rhizospheric, endophytic and epiphytic) play an important role in plant growth, development, and soil health. Plant and rhizospheric soil are a valuable natural resource harbouring hotspots of microbes, and it plays critical roles in the maintenance of global nutrient balance and ecosystem function. The diverse group of microbes is key components of soil–plant systems, where they are engaged in an intense network of interactions in the rhizosphere/endophytic/phyllospheric. The rhizospheric microbial diversity present in rhizospheric zones has a sufficient amount of nutrients release by plant root systems in form of root exudates for growth, development and activities of microbes. The endophytic microbes are referred to those microorganisms, which colonize in the interior of the plant parts, viz root, stem or seeds without causing any harmful effect on host plant. Endophytic microbes enter in host plants mainly through wounds, naturally occurring as a result of plant growth, or through root hairs and at epidermal conjunctions. Endophytes may be transmitted either vertically (directly from parent to offspring) or horizontally (among individuals). The phyllosphere is a common niche for synergism between microbes and plant. The leaf surface has been termed as phyllosphere and zone of leaves inhabited by microorganisms as phyllosphere. The plant part, especially leaves, is exposed to dust and air currents resulting in the establishments of typical flora on their surface aided by the cuticles, waxes and appendages, which help in the anchorage of microorganisms. The phyllospheric microbes may survive or proliferate on leaves depending on extent of influences of material in leaf diffuseness or exudates. The leaf diffuseness contains the principal nutrients factors (amino acids, glucose, fructose and sucrose), and such specialized habitats may provide niche for nitrogen fixation and secretions of substances capable of promoting the growth of plants. The microbes associated with plant as rhizospheric, endophytic and epiphytic with plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes have emerged as an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. PGP microbes promote plant growth directly or indirectly, either by releasing plant growth regulators; solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc; biological nitrogen fixation or by producing siderophore, ammonia, HCN and other secondary metabolites which are antagonistic against pathogenic microbes. The PGP microbes belong to different phylum of archaea (Euryarchaeota); bacteria (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), which include different genera namely Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Gluconoacetobacter, Haloarcula, Herbaspirillum, Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Planomonospora, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia and Streptomyces. These PGP microbes could be used as biofertilizers/bioinoculants at place of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. The aim of “Plant Microbiomes for Sustainable Agriculture” is to provide the current developments in the understanding of microbial diversity associated with plant systems in the form of rhizospheric, endophytic and epiphytic. The book is useful to scientist, research and students related to microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, environmental biology and related subjects.
Book Synopsis Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices by : Pradeep Kumar
Download or read book Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices written by Pradeep Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases play an important role on our daily lives. Most of plant diseases are visible and are caused by biotic and/or abiotic factors. Symptoms are usually the results of a morphological change, alteration or damage to plant tissue and/or cells due to an interference of the plant’s metabolism. All basic structures of vascular plants are subject to attack by pathogens. The failure in accurate disease diagnosis and management may lead to huge losses in plant production and related commodities, which causes nutritional food scarcity. Typically, the appearance of a biotic symptom will indicate the relatively late stage of an infection and/or colonization of a pathogen. Expert detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely management play a significant role in keeping plants free from pathogens. In this book expert scholars share their research knowledge and key literature which are vital toward the diagnosis of plant diseases across the globe, addressing traditional plant pathology techniques, as well as advanced molecular diagnostic approach.
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