Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Studies On Optimizing Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Through Thickness Reduction And The Addition Of A Nickel Oxide Electron Blocking Layer
Download Studies On Optimizing Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Through Thickness Reduction And The Addition Of A Nickel Oxide Electron Blocking Layer full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Studies On Optimizing Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Through Thickness Reduction And The Addition Of A Nickel Oxide Electron Blocking Layer ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Studies on Optimizing Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Through Thickness Reduction and the Addition of a Nickel Oxide Electron-blocking Layer by : Shawn Waggoner
Download or read book Studies on Optimizing Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Through Thickness Reduction and the Addition of a Nickel Oxide Electron-blocking Layer written by Shawn Waggoner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) solar cells are the current leader in thin film photovoltaic technologies: with record device efficiencies comparable to any other thin film photovoltaic, and a lower cost per watt-peak than any other industrial photovoltaic. Yet device efficiency and cost must be further improved to continue making these devices economically competitive. This thesis discusses cost reduction of CdTe solar cells by creating ultrathin ( 1 m thick) CdTe absorber layers through Magnetron Sputter Deposition. Previous research on these devices has demonstrated excellent stability, but significantly reduced efficiency when compared to CdTe devices with thicker (typically 3 m thick) absorber layers. To avoid this efficiency reduction, research is conducted on adding a
Book Synopsis A Study of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell Architecture Optimization and Fabrication Using Highly Ordered Nano-dome Arrays by : Shawn A. Waggoner
Download or read book A Study of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell Architecture Optimization and Fabrication Using Highly Ordered Nano-dome Arrays written by Shawn A. Waggoner and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 by : Don Louis Morel
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 written by Don Louis Morel and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642222757 Total Pages :588 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (422 download)
Book Synopsis Physics and Technology of Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells by : Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark
Download or read book Physics and Technology of Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.
Book Synopsis Polycrystalline Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition: Final Technical Report, 20 March 1995-15 June 1998 by :
Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition: Final Technical Report, 20 March 1995-15 June 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes work performed by the Colorado School of Mines Department of Physics under this subcontract. Based on the studies conducted, researchers increased the efficiency of the cells with electrodeposited CdTe and CBD CdS by 3% on average. The improvement came from 1) optimization of CdS initial thickness taking into account CdS consumption of CdTe during the CdTe/CdSpost-deposition treatment; optimization of CdS post-deposition treatment with CdCl2 aimed at prevention of Te diffusion into CdS and improvement of the CdS film morphology and electronic properties. That led to a considerable increase in short circuit current, by 13% on average. 2) Optimization of CdTe thickness and post-deposition treatment which led to a significant increase in Voc, by approx.70 mV. The highest Voc obtained exceeded 800 mV. 3. Development of a ZnTe:Cu/Metal back contact processing procedure that included selection of optimal Cu content, deposition regime and post-deposition treatment conditions. The cell stability was measured on exposure to accelerated stress conditions. Preliminary studies of some new approaches to improvement of CdS/CdTe structure were conducted.
Book Synopsis Perovskite Photovoltaics by : Aparna Thankappan
Download or read book Perovskite Photovoltaics written by Aparna Thankappan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation examines the emergence of perovskite photovoltaics, associated challenges and opportunities, and how to achieve broader development. Consolidating developments in perovskite photovoltaics, including recent progress solar cells, this text also highlights advances and the research necessary for sustaining energy. Addressing different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells suitable, and including commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology. The book also contains a detailed analysis of the implementation and economic viability of perovskite solar cells, highlighting what photovoltaic devices need to be generated by low cost, non-toxic, earth abundant materials using environmentally scalable processes. This book is a valuable resource engineers, scientists and researchers, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge on flexible perovskite solar cells. - Includes contributions by leading solar cell academics, industrialists, researchers and institutions across the globe - Addresses different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells different - Provides commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology, giving users detailed analysis on the implementation, technical challenges and economic viability of perovskite solar cells
Book Synopsis High Efficiency Ultra Thin Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells by : Nowshad Amin
Download or read book High Efficiency Ultra Thin Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells written by Nowshad Amin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film cadmium telluride absorbers with cadmium sulphide hetero-junction partner are promising candidates for high efficiency low cost solutions of solar energy harvesting devices. These devices have band gaps well-suited for effective absorption of sunlight. Most importantly, the materials used in these devices can be deposited in a variety of industry-friendly ways, so that the cost associated with manufacturing is generally lower than other available technologies. Although poly-crystalline CdS has been found to be the best suited heterojunction partner for CdTe solar cell, the conventional polycrystalline CdS/CdTe cell has few issues that limit device performance. In order to overcome these problems, this study proposes the introduction of poly-CdS to amorphous oxygenated CdS (a-CdS: O) as window layer. The a-CdS: O window material has higher optical band gap (2.5-3.1 eV), better lattice match with CdTe absorber materials and reduced inter-diffusion tendency of CdS and CdTe layers. This book systematically demonstrates the conversion process of poly CdS to a-CdS: O and develops a strategy for the fabrication of suitable a-CdS: O layer to be applied in CdTe solar ce
Book Synopsis Cadmium Telluride and Grain Boundaries: a Preliminary Study by : Michael Evan Liao
Download or read book Cadmium Telluride and Grain Boundaries: a Preliminary Study written by Michael Evan Liao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficacy of the CdCl2 treatment on polycrystalline CdTe-based solar cells was discovered over a quarter of a century ago; and yet, the exact mechanism of this treatment is still not fully understood to this day. In fact, the lack of understanding stems from a debate on the exact role of grain boundaries in CdCl2-treated CdTe solar cells. Some hypothesize that the CdCl2-treatment causes grain boundaries to become beneficial to solar cell performance while others disagree and claim that the treatment simply mitigates the harmful effects of grain boundaries via passivation. A future goal of this project is to determine which, if either, hypothesis is correct by direct wafer bonding single crystalline CdTe. Direct wafer bonding of single crystalline materials would create only one grain boundary at the bonded interface. This approach allows the orientation and surface chemistry of interfaces to be controlled in order to study the chemistry of grain boundaries methodically. However, before any direct wafer bonding can be done, a preliminary study of single crystalline CdTe is necessary. High-quality direct wafer bonding can only be achieved if the surfaces of each wafer satisfy certain requirements. Additionally, analyzing single crystalline CdTe materials prior to bonding is crucial in order to make any insightful connections between results found from direct bonding of single crystalline CdTe and what is observed in polycrystalline CdTe. First, the surface of an (001) CdTe layer epitaxially grown on an (001) InSb substrate is studied using atomic force microscopy. Stacking faults on the CdTe surface are observed and the thickness of the grown CdTe epilayer is calculated by considering the interplanar angles between the (001) and (111) crystallographic planes as well as the dimensions of the stacking faults. While the stacking faults will inhibit successful wafer bonding, the roughness of the regions outside the stacking faults is 0.9 nm, which is an acceptable roughness for direct wafer bonding. High resolution x-ray diffraction is used to study the strain of the CdTe epilayer at the epilayer-substrate interface by generating reciprocal space maps of the (004), (115), and (335) crystallographic planes. It is found that CdTe grown on an (001) InSb substrate at a low growth temperature exhibits nearly 0% relaxation. As a result, the in-plane lattice parameter of the CdTe layer is maximally strained to match the smaller lattice parameter of the InSb substrate. Consequently, the CdTe lattice is tetragonally strained normal to the substrate surface, which causes the out-of-plane lattice parameter of CdTe to be larger than its intrinsic value. Lastly, a CdCl2-treated CdTe-CdS (p-type CdTe on n-type CdS) solar cell structure is simulated using a semiconductor-heterojunction simulation program. In literature, it has been reported that chlorine atoms from the treatment segregate along grain boundaries in polycrystalline CdTe and cause the formation of local p-n junctions by inverting the grain boundaries to n-type. The simulated structure includes one grain and 2 grain boundaries. The grain/bulk CdTe material is p-type while the grain boundaries are made to be n-type with varying doping concentrations. Both the conduction band and valence band energy exhibit downward sloping from the CdTe surface to the CdTe-CdS interface. This structure assumes that the grain boundaries are parallel to the CdTe-CdS interface. While these simulations do not prove the existence of the local type-inversion hypothesis, they do entertain a novel possibility for future devices fabrication methods.
Book Synopsis Improving Performance in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells by : Geethika Kaushalya Liyanage
Download or read book Improving Performance in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells written by Geethika Kaushalya Liyanage and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride has been developed to be one of the most commercially successful materials for photovoltaic module production with power conversion efficiencies over 21% for research cells to over 18% for module efficiencies. However, little is known about these record devices architecture or the processing methods. Following conventional understanding of a CdTe solar cell operation, researchers have put extensive efforts over the years to improve the CdTe device performance through improved material quality and diode quality. While this have gained some benefit, performance limiting factors to these devices remains unchanged. Deviating from conventional concepts, better understanding of the device physics is needed in order to further improve these devices. This dissertation focusses on identifying these loss mechanisms and setting guidelines to fabricating high efficiency CdTe devices through both experimental and numerical simulation. Experimental work discusses the details to construction and characterization of a CdTe deposition system and employing the new understanding of improving the CdTe device to achieve high performing CdTe devices. Here the traditional CdS window layer is replaced by a wide bandgap MgxZn1-xO to increase the photocurrent generation with better band alignment. With optimum deposition and processing conditions, work demonstrates a device with power conversion efficiency >16%. With a good front contact, performance of the device can be limited by the poor back contact. Expanding the understanding to front contact band alignment, characteristics of a back buffer layer suitable for CdTe back contact is also explored. Through 1D numerical simulation of the conduction and valence band offset, doping levels of the CdTe and back buffer layer material, this dissertation work sets the guideline to achieving CdTe device performance up to 25%.
Book Synopsis High Efficiency Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Telluride Based Thin-film Solar Cells by :
Download or read book High Efficiency Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Telluride Based Thin-film Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work to improve the basic understanding of CdTe and ZnTe alloys by growing and characterizing these films along with cell fabrication. The major objective was to develop wide-band-gap (1.6--1.8 eV) material for the top cell, along with compatible window material and transparent ohmic contacts, so that a cascade cell design can be optimized. Front-wall solar cells were fabricated with a glass/SnO2/CdS window, where the CdS film is thin to maximize transmission and current. Wide-band-gap absorber films (E{sub g} = 1.75 eV) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques, which provided excellent control for tailoring the film composition and properties. CdZnTe films were grown by both MBE and MOCVD. All the as-grown films were characterized by several techniques (surface photovoltage spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) for composition, bulk uniformity, thickness, and film and interface quality. Front-wall-type solar cells were fabricated in collaboration with Ametek Materials Research Laboratory using CdTe and CdZnTe polycrystalline absorber films. The effects of processing on ternary film were studied by AES and XPS coupled with capacitance voltage and current voltage measurements as a function of temperature. Bias-dependent spectral response and electrical measurements were used to test some models in order to identify and quantify dominant loss mechanisms.
Author :International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA Publisher :International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ISBN 13 :9292601989 Total Pages :145 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (926 download)
Book Synopsis Future of solar photovoltaic by : International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA
Download or read book Future of solar photovoltaic written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents options to fully unlock the world’s vast solar PV potential over the period until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.
Book Synopsis Coatings and Thin-Film Technologies by : Jaime Andres Perez Taborda
Download or read book Coatings and Thin-Film Technologies written by Jaime Andres Perez Taborda and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of coatings and thin-film technologies is rapidly advancing to keep up with new uses for semiconductor, optical, tribological, thermoelectric, solar, security, and smart sensing applications, among others. In this sense, thin-film coatings and structures are increasingly sophisticated with more specific properties, new geometries, large areas, the use of heterogeneous materials and flexible and rigid coating substrates to produce thin-film structures with improved performance and properties in response to new challenges that the industry presents. This book aims to provide the reader with a complete overview of the current state of applications and developments in thin-film technology, discussing applications, health and safety in thin films, and presenting reviews and experimental results of recognized experts in the area of coatings and thin-film technologies.
Book Synopsis Varying Cadmium Telluride Growth Temperature During Deposition to Increase Solar Cell Reliability by :
Download or read book Varying Cadmium Telluride Growth Temperature During Deposition to Increase Solar Cell Reliability written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for forming thin films or layers of cadmium telluride (CdTe) for use in photovoltaic modules or solar cells. The method includes varying the substrate temperature during the growth of the CdTe layer by preheating a substrate (e.g., a substrate with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) heterojunction or layer) suspended over a CdTe source to remove moisture to a relatively low preheat temperature. Then, the method includes directly heating only the CdTe source, which in turn indirectly heats the substrate upon which the CdTe is deposited. The method improves the resulting CdTe solar cell reliability. The resulting microstructure exhibits a distinct grain size distribution such that the initial region is composed of smaller grains than the bulk region portion of the deposited CdTe. Resulting devices exhibit a behavior suggesting a more n-like CdTe material near the CdS heterojunction than devices grown with substrate temperatures held constant during CdTe deposition.
Book Synopsis Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells. Final Technical Report, July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980 by :
Download or read book Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells. Final Technical Report, July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts during this program have been directed to the construction of apparatus for the chemical vapor deposition of cadmium telluride films, the selection and preparation of substrates, the deposition and characterization of cadmium telluride films, and the fabrication and characterization of solar cells. Cadmium telluride films have been deposited on a number of substrates by the direct combination of cadmium and tellurium on the substrate surface at 500°C or higher at rates of up to 0.6 .mu.m/min. The structural, crystallographic, and electrical properties of cadmium telluride films deposited over a wide range of conditions have been evaluated. A series of doping experiments have been carried out using iodine and indium as the n-type dopant, and phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony as the p-type dopant. Low resistivity films have not been produced thus far. In/W/graphite substrates have been used for the deposition of n-type films with an ohmic interface. However, no suitable substrates have been found to form an ohmic interface with p-type films. Solar cells prepared from these films exhibit relatively good short-circuit current density, up to 15 mA/cm2, but their conversion efficiencies are severely limited by the high series resistance of the devices. It is believed that low resistivity cadmium telluride films can be prepared by optimizing the deposition conditions. In parallel with the search of substrates with low interface resistance, back wall cells, such as p-CdTe/n-CdS/ITO/glass(substrate), should be investigated.
Book Synopsis Non-Uniformities in Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence: Preprint by :
Download or read book Non-Uniformities in Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence: Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the purpose of this research to develop specific imaging techniques that have the potential to be fast, in-line tools for quality control in thin-film CdTe solar cells. Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) are two techniques that are currently under investigation on CdTe small area devices made at Colorado State University. It is our hope to significantly advance theunderstanding of EL and PL measurements as applied to CdTe. Qualitative analysis of defects and non-uniformities is underway on CdTe using EL, PL, and other imaging techniques.
Book Synopsis Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuInxGa1-xSe2-Based Solar Cells: Phase I Report by :
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuInxGa1-xSe2-Based Solar Cells: Phase I Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main tasks of the cadmium telluride portion of this project include the development of simplified processing for fabricating high-efficiency CdTe solar cells, studies on the long-term stability of CdTe devices, and the development of alternative transparent conducting oxides, window layers, and back contacts. The second portion of this project focused on CIGS solar cells. The main tasksinclude the development of a manufacturable process for CIGS devices and the development of high-band-gap alloys for use in tandem cell structures. Additional objectives include development of improved junction formation processing and contributing to the overall understanding of these materials and devices. Because our processing is manufacturing-driven, we use an all solid-state, simplifiedtwo-step process that relaxes the level of deposition control required.
Book Synopsis Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuInxGa{sub 1-x}Se2-Based Solar Cells; Phase I Report by :
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuInxGa{sub 1-x}Se2-Based Solar Cells; Phase I Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main tasks of the cadmium telluride portion of this project include the development of simplified processing for fabricating high-efficiency CdTe solar cells, studies on the long-term stability of CdTe devices, and the development of alternative transparent conducting oxides, window layers, and back contacts. The second portion of this project focused on CIGS solar cells. The main tasks include the development of a manufacturable process for CIGS devices and the development of high-band-gap alloys for use in tandem cell structures. Additional objectives include development of improved junction formation processing and contributing to the overall understanding of these materials and devices. Because the processing is manufacturing-driven, the authors use an all solid-state, simplified two-step process that relaxes the level of deposition control required.
![Download Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/HZUQWv8PMD0C?fife=w200-h370)
