Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Studies Of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Download Studies Of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Studies Of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Studies of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Studies of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A semi-analytical model for studies of cold water injectioninto naturally fractured reservoirs has been developed. The model can beused to design the flow rates and location of injection wells in suchsystems. The results obtained using the model show that initially thecold water will move very rapidly through the fracture system away from the well. Later on, conductive heat transfer from the rock matrix blockswill retard the advancement of the cold water front, and eventuallyuniform energy sweep conditions will prevail. Where uniform energy sweepconditions are reached the cold waer movement away from the injectionwell will be identical to that in a porous medium; consequently maximumenergy recovery from the rock matrix will be attained. The time ofuniform energy sweep and the radial distance from the injection wellwhere it occurs are greatly dependent upon the fracture spacing, butindependent of the fracture aperture.
Book Synopsis Studies of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Gudmundur S. Bodvarsson
Download or read book Studies of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Gudmundur S. Bodvarsson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mobility Control of Gas Injection in Highly Heterogeneous and Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Jose Sergio de Araujo Cavalcante Filho
Download or read book Mobility Control of Gas Injection in Highly Heterogeneous and Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Jose Sergio de Araujo Cavalcante Filho and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since a significant portion of the world’s oil reserves resides in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR), it is important to maximize oil production from these reservoirs. Mobility control EOR techniques, such as water alternating gas (WAG) and foam injection, may be used in NFRs to improve oil recovery. Foam injection may be modeled by empirical or mechanistic models, the latter being capable of representing foam generation and coalescence effects. Numerical models are needed to evaluate EOR techniques in NFR. The Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) is capable of representing conductive faults or fractures and describing NFR and unconventional reservoirs as a triple porosity medium (hydraulic fractures, natural fractures, and matrix). This work aims at developing a general EDFM framework to allow the evaluation of different mobility control EOR methods in NFR. The mobility control EOR methods evaluated were the WAG and continuous foam injection. The formulation used to evaluate mobility control by foam injection in NFR was the population balance assuming local equilibrium and the P*c models. Nanoparticle transport models (Two Site and Two Rate models) were implemented and validated to allow simulation of nanoparticle stabilized foam injection. An EDFM preprocessor was further developed and validated against the in-house fully implicit simulator, unstructured grid models from the literature and fine-grid models using a commercial simulator. Simulation run time was reduced by applying a porosity cut-off in the fracture cells assuming constant fracture conductivity. Validation case studies included multi-fractured wells producing through depletion and a 2D quarter five-spot production scheme (water and miscible gas injection) in NFR. We obtained a good agreement between EDFM, unstructured grid, and fine-grid models. Application case studies included 3D models under water, miscible gas and WAG injection, which confirmed the efficiency of the EDFM in modeling complex fracture networks. We used the EDFM to simulate multilateral well stimulation and we performed an automated history matching of the production data of a field test. The foam model and the nanoparticle transport models were validated against experimental data from the literature. It is concluded that the effect of fractures on hydrocarbon production depends on fracture network connectivity, which may be modeled using the EDFM preprocessor. Simulation results using mobility control EOR methods show considerable improvements in oil recovery due to a postponement in gas breakthrough.
Book Synopsis Oil Recovery from Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by Steam Injection Methods. Final Report by :
Download or read book Oil Recovery from Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by Steam Injection Methods. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil recovery by steam injection is a proven, successful technology for nonfractured reservoirs, but has received only limited study for fractured reservoirs. Preliminary studies suggest recovery efficiencies in fractured reservoirs may be increased by as much as 50% with the application of steam relative to that of low temperature processes. The key mechanisms enhancing oil production at high temperature are the differential thermal expansion between oil and the pore volume, and the generation of gases within matrix blocks. Other mechanisms may also contribute to increased production. These mechanisms are relatively independent of oil gravity, making steam injection into naturally fractured reservoirs equally attractive to light and heavy oil deposits. The objectives of this research program are to quantify the amount of oil expelled by these recovery mechanisms and to develop a numerical model for predicting oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs during steam injection. The experimental study consists of constructing and operating several apparatuses to isolate each of these mechanisms. The first measures thermal expansion and capillary imbibition rates at relatively low temperature, but for various lithologies and matrix block shapes. The second apparatus measures the same parameters, but at high temperatures and for only one shape. A third experimental apparatus measures the maximum gas saturations that could build up within a matrix block. A fourth apparatus measures thermal conductivity and diffusivity of porous media. The numerical study consists of developing transfer functions for oil expulsion from matrix blocks to fractures at high temperatures and incorporating them, along with the energy equation, into a dual porosity thermal reservoir simulator. This simulator can be utilized to make predictions for steam injection processes in naturally-fractured reservoirs. Analytical models for capillary imbibition have also been developed.
Book Synopsis Applied Concepts in Fractured Reservoirs by : John C. Lorenz
Download or read book Applied Concepts in Fractured Reservoirs written by John C. Lorenz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A much-needed, precise and practical treatment of a key topic in the energy industry and beyond, Applied Concepts in Fractured Reservoirs is an invaluable reference for those in both industry and academia Authored by renowned experts in the field, this book covers the understanding, evaluation, and effects of fractures in reservoirs. It offers a comprehensive yet practical discussion and description of natural fractures, their origins, characteristics, and effects on hydrocarbon reservoirs. It starts by introducing the reader to basic definitions and classifications of fractures and fractured reservoirs. It then provides an outline for fractured-reservoir characterization and analysis, and goes on to introduce the way fractures impact operational activities. Well organized and clearly illustrated throughout, Applied Concepts in Fractured Reservoirs starts with a section on understanding natural fractures. It looks at the different types, their dimensions, and the mechanics of fracturing rock in extension and shear. The next section provides information on measuring and analyzing fractures in reservoirs. It covers: logging core for fractures; taking, measuring, and analyzing fracture data; new core vs. archived core; CT scans; comparing fracture data from outcrops, core, and logs; and more. The last part examines the effects of natural fractures on reservoirs, including: the permeability behavior of individual fractures and fracture systems; fracture volumetrics; effects of fractures on drilling and coring; and the interaction between natural and hydraulic fractures. Teaches readers to understand and evaluate fractures Compiles and synthesizes various concepts and descriptions scattered in literature and synthesizes them with unpublished oil-field observations and data, along with the authors’ own experience Bridges some of the gaps between reservoir engineers and geologists Provides an invaluable reference for geologists and engineers who need to understand naturally fractured reservoirs in order to efficiently extract hydrocarbons Illustrated in full color throughout Companion volume to the Atlas of Natural and Induced Fractures in Core
Book Synopsis Advances in the Study of Fractured Reservoirs by : G.H. Spence
Download or read book Advances in the Study of Fractured Reservoirs written by G.H. Spence and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally fractured reservoirs constitute a substantial percentage of remaining hydrocarbon resources; they create exploration targets in otherwise impermeable rocks, including under-explored crystalline basement; and they can be used as geological stores for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Their complex behaviour during production has traditionally proved difficult to predict, causing a large degree of uncertainty in reservoir development. The applied study of naturally fractured reservoirs seeks to constrain this uncertainty by developing new understanding, and is necessarily a broad, integrated, interdisciplinary topic. This book addresses some of the challenges and advances in knowledge, approaches, concepts, and methods used to characterize the interplay of rock matrix and fracture networks, relevant to fluid flow and hydrocarbon recovery. Topics include: describing, characterizing and identifying controls on fracture networks from outcrops, cores, geophysical data, digital and numerical models; geomechanical influences on reservoir behaviour; numerical modelling and simulation of fluid flow; and case studies of the exploration and development of carbonate, siliciclastic and metamorphic naturally fractured reservoirs.
Book Synopsis Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Roberto Aguilera
Download or read book Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Roberto Aguilera and published by PennWell Books. This book was released on 1980 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals exclusively with naturally fractured reservoirs and includes many subjects usually treated in separate volumes. A highly practical edition, Naturally Fractured Reservoirs is written for students, reservoir geologists, log analysts and petroleum engineers.
Book Synopsis Continuous CO2 Injection Design in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Neural Network Based Proxy Models by : Hassan Hamam
Download or read book Continuous CO2 Injection Design in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Neural Network Based Proxy Models written by Hassan Hamam and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 60% of the original oil in place (OOIP) is left in the ground after the primary and secondary recovery processes. With the introduction of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), that number goes down to about 40% of the OOIP. Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is one of the most effective EOR methods in naturally fractured reservoirs. The fracture network provides a faster means for fluid flow due to its high conductivity but it is also the cause of premature breakthrough of the injected fluids. However, if employed efficiently, fractures can help push the injected CO2 to the reservoir boundaries so that a large portion of the reservoir fluid interacts with the injected CO2. Zones swept by miscible CO2 reported the lowest residual oil saturation.Continuous CO2 injection is becoming more and more preferred to the popular cyclic pressure pulsing. Continuous CO2 injection has no down time and could potentially provide better CO2 interaction with the reservoir fluid which provides a higher recovery. In this research, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to construct robust proxy models with highly predictive capabilities for naturally fractured reservoirs undergoing continuous CO2 injection. The main purpose of this research is to shed more light and understanding on continuous CO2 injection in naturally fractured reservoirs and provide a tool that empowers engineers to make decisions on the fly while evaluating uncertainty and mitigating risk rather than wait months or years to do so. In light of the above, various ANN designs and configurations undergo development and evolution to ultimately be able to provide valuable insights regarding reservoir performance, history matching, and injection design for naturally fractured reservoirs undergoing CO2 injection. Initial ANN designs targeted specific reservoirs using specific fluid compositions from the literature. The designed ANNs were able to provide predictions with a low degree of error. ANN designs went over many complex adjustments, variations, and enhancements until final configurations were reached. The final ANN designs developed in this research surpass previously developed ANNs in similar projects with its capability to handle a huge range of reservoir properties, relative permeability, capillary pressure, and fluid compositions under uncertainty.The reservoir simulation model used in this research is a two-well, two-layer, miscible compositional simulation model working in a dual-porosity system. Critical parameters affected the accuracy and predictability of the ANN designs and they were an essential part of the final ANN configurations. The parameters that a major effect on continuous CO2 injection are reservoir fluid composition, fracture permeability, well spacing, bottomhole flowing pressure (BHFP), thickness, and CO2 injection amount under miscible conditions had the highest impact on recovered oil.The final ANN designs were encompassed inside a graphical user interface that equipped the ANN with uncertainty evaluation capabilities. The ease to use nature of the GUI allows anyone to use the developed ANNs in this research, as well as provide a simple intuitive interface to manipulate input data, run simultaneous sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The developed ANNs in this research bring us a step closer to achieving real-time simulation for naturally fractured reservoirs undergoing CO2 injection. The correlations embedded in the ANNs were able to overcome reservoir fluid, relative permeability, and capillary pressure limitations that existed in the previous ANN studies.
Book Synopsis A Study of Recovery Mechanisms During Gas Injection in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Inghild Storesund
Download or read book A Study of Recovery Mechanisms During Gas Injection in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Inghild Storesund and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection by : Reza Azin
Download or read book Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection written by Reza Azin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers different aspects of gas injection, from the classic pressure maintenance operation to enhanced oil recovery (EOR), underground gas storage (UGS), and carbon capture and storage (CCS). The authors detail the unique characteristics and specific criteria of each application, including: material balance equations phase behaviour reservoir engineering well design operating aspects surface facilities environmental issues Examples, data, and simulation codes are provided to enable the reader to gain an in-depth understanding of these applications. Fundamentals and Practical Aspects of Gas Injection will be of use to practising engineers in the fields of reservoir engineering, and enhanced oil recovery. It will also be of interest to researchers, academics, and graduate students working in the field of petroleum engineering.
Book Synopsis Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. Annual Report by :
Download or read book Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second year of this three-year research program to evaluate the effect of fracture closure on the recovery of oil and gas from naturally fractured reservoirs has been completed. The overall objectives of the study are to: (1) evaluate the reservoir conditions where fracture closure is significant, and (2) evaluate innovative fluid injection techniques capable of maintaining pressure within the reservoir. Simulation studies have been conducted with a dual porosity simulator capable of simulating the performance of vertical and horizontal wells. Each simulation model has been initialized with properties typical of the Austin Chalk reservoir in Pearsall Field, Texas. During year one, simulations of both vertical and horizontal well performance were made assuming that fracture permeability was insensitive to pressure charge. The results confirmed that horizontal wells could increase both rate of oil recovery and total oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs. During the second year the performances of the same vertical and horizontal wells were evaluated with the assumption that fracture permeability was a function of reservoir pressure. This required repetition of most of the natural depletion cases simulated in year one while invoking the pressure-sensitive fracture permeability option. To investigate sensitivity to in situ stress, two stress conditions were simulated for each primary variable. The water injection cases, begun in year one, were extended to include most of the reservoir parameters investigated for natural depletion, including fracture permeability as a function of net stress and the use of horizontal wells. The results thus far confirm that pressure-sensitive fractures degrade well performance and that the degradation is reduced by water injection pressure maintenance. Furthermore, oil recovery can be significantly increased by water injection pressure maintenance.
Book Synopsis Projects Investigating Oil Recovery from Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : United States. National Petroleum Technology Office
Download or read book Projects Investigating Oil Recovery from Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by United States. National Petroleum Technology Office and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs by : Yu-Shu Wu
Download or read book Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase Fluid Flow in Porous and Fractured Reservoirs discusses the process of modeling fluid flow in petroleum and natural gas reservoirs, a practice that has become increasingly complex thanks to multiple fractures in horizontal drilling and the discovery of more unconventional reservoirs and resources. The book updates the reservoir engineer of today with the latest developments in reservoir simulation by combining a powerhouse of theory, analytical, and numerical methods to create stronger verification and validation modeling methods, ultimately improving recovery in stagnant and complex reservoirs. Going beyond the standard topics in past literature, coverage includes well treatment, Non-Newtonian fluids and rheological models, multiphase fluid coupled with geomechanics in reservoirs, and modeling applications for unconventional petroleum resources. The book equips today's reservoir engineer and modeler with the most relevant tools and knowledge to establish and solidify stronger oil and gas recovery. - Delivers updates on recent developments in reservoir simulation such as modeling approaches for multiphase flow simulation of fractured media and unconventional reservoirs - Explains analytical solutions and approaches as well as applications to modeling verification for today's reservoir problems, such as evaluating saturation and pressure profiles and recovery factors or displacement efficiency - Utilize practical codes and programs featured from online companion website
Book Synopsis Streamline-based Simulation of Water Injection in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by : Ahmed Al Huthali
Download or read book Streamline-based Simulation of Water Injection in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Ahmed Al Huthali and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current streamline formulation is limited to single-porosity systems and is then not suitable for application to naturally fractured reservoirs. Describing the fluid transport in naturally fractured reservoirs has been recognized as a main challenge for simulation engineers due to the complicated physics involved. In this work, we generalized the streamline-based simulation to describe the fluid transport in naturally fractured reservoirs. We implemented three types of transfer function: the conventional transfer function (CTF), the diffusion transfer function (DTF), and the empirical transfer function (ETF). We showed that these transfer functions can be implemented easily in the current single-porosity streamline codes. These transfer functions have been added as a source term to the transport equation that describes the saturation evolution along the streamlines. We solved this equation numerically for all types of transfer functions. The numerical solution of the continuity equation with DTF and ETF requires discretizing a convolution term. We derived an analytical solution to the saturation equation with ETF in terms of streamline TOF to validate the numerical solution. We obtain an excellent match between the numerical and the analytical solution. The final stage of our study was to validate our work by comparing our dual-porosity streamline simulator (DPSS) to the commercial dual-porosity simulator, ECLIPSE. The dual-porosity ECLIPSE uses the CTF to describe the interaction between the matrix-blocks and the fracture system. The dual-porosity streamline simulator with CTF showed an excellent match with the dual-porosity ECLIPSE. On the other hand, dual-porosity streamline simulation with DTF and ETF showed a lower recovery than the recovery obtained from the dual-porosity ECLIPSE and the DPSS with CTF. This difference in oil recovery is not due to our formulation, but is related to the theoretical basis on which CTF, DTF, and ETF were derived in the literature. It was beyond the scope of this study to investigate the relative accuracy of each transfer function. We demonstrate that the DPSS is computationally efficient and ideal for large-scale field application. Also, we showed that the DPSS minimizes numerical smearing and grid orientation effects compared to the dual-porosity ECLIPSE.
Book Synopsis Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs by : Emad Walid Al Shalabi
Download or read book Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs written by Emad Walid Al Shalabi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs provides a first of its kind review of the low salinity and engineered water injection (LSWI/EWI) techniques for today's more complex enhanced oil recovery methods. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research is currently only located in numerous journal locations. This reference helps readers overcome these challenging issues with explanations on models, experiments, mechanism analysis, and field applications involved in low salinity and engineered water. Covering significant laboratory, numerical, and field studies, lessons learned are also highlighted along with key areas for future research in this fast-growing area of the oil and gas industry. After an introduction to its techniques, the initial chapters review the main experimental findings and explore the mechanisms behind the impact of LSWI/EWI on oil recovery. The book then moves on to the critical area of modeling and simulation, discusses the geochemistry of LSWI/EWI processes, and applications of LSWI/EWI techniques in the field, including the authors' own recommendations based on their extensive experience. It is an essential reference for professional reservoir and field engineers, researchers and students working on LSWI/EWI and seeking to apply these methods for increased oil recovery. - Teaches users how to understand the various mechanisms contributing to incremental oil recovery using low salinity and engineering water injection (LSWI/EWI) in sandstones and carbonates - Balances guidance between designing laboratory experiments, to applying the LSWI/EWI techniques at both pilot-scale and full-field-scale for real-world operations - Presents state-of-the-art approaches to simulation and modeling of LSWI/EWI
Book Synopsis Oil Recovery from Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by Steam Injection Methods by :
Download or read book Oil Recovery from Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by Steam Injection Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to develop accurate models for predicting oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs by steam injection. This objective is being met through an integrated experimental, numerical, and analytical study of the recovery mechanisms that control oil recovery for this process. These mechanisms include capillary imbibition, thermal expansion, gas generation from chemical reactions, and temperature-dependent thermal properties.
Book Synopsis Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by :
Download or read book Simulation Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Fracture Closure on the Performance of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study has two principal objectives: (1) To evaluate the effects of fracture closure on the recovery of oil and gas reserves from naturally fractured petroleum or natural gas reservoirs. (2) To evaluate procedures for improving the recovery of these reserves using innovative fluid injection techniques to maintain reservoir pressure and mitigate the impact of fracture closure. The total scope of the study has been subdivided into three main tasks: (1) Baseline studies (non-pressure sensitive fractures); (2)studies with pressure sensitive fractures; and (3) innovative approaches for improving oil recovery.
