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Studies Of High Transverse Momentum Phenomena In Heavy Ion Collisions Using The Phobos Detector
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Book Synopsis Studies of High Transverse Momentum Phenomena in Heavy Ion Collisions Using the PHOBOS Detector by : Edward Allen Wenger
Download or read book Studies of High Transverse Momentum Phenomena in Heavy Ion Collisions Using the PHOBOS Detector written by Edward Allen Wenger and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of high-pT particles as calibrated probes has proven to be an effective tool for understanding the properties of the system produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In this thesis, two such measurements are presented using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC): 1. The transverse momentum spectra of charged particles produced near mid rapidity in Cu+Cu collisions with center-of-mass energies of 62.4 and 200 GeV per nucleon pair 2. Two-particle correlations with a high transverse momentum trigger particle (pT> 2.5 GeV=c) in Au+Au collisions at ... 200 GeV over the broad longitudinal acceptance of the PHOBOS detector ... In central Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV, the single-particle yields are suppressed at high-pT by a factor of about five compared to p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary collisions. This is typically understood to be a consequence of energy loss by high-pT partons in the dense QCD medium, as such a suppression is absent in d+Au collisions. In Cu+Cu collisions, the nuclear modification factor, RAA, has been measured relative to p+p data as a function of collision centrality. For the same number of participating nucleons (Npart), RAA is essentially the same for the Cu+Cu and Au+Au systems over the measured range of pT, in spite of the significantly different geometries. At high-pT, the similarity between the two systems can be described by simple, geometric models of parton energy loss. Two-particle angular correlations are a more powerful tool for examining how highpT jets lose energy and how the medium is modified by the deposited energy. In central Au+Au collisions, particle production correlated with a high-pT trigger is strongly modified compared to p+p. Not only is the away-side yield much broader in, the nearside peak of jet fragments now sits atop an unmistakable 'ridge' of correlated partners extending continuously and undiminished all the way to = 4.
Book Synopsis Introduction to High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions by : Cheuk-Yin Wong
Download or read book Introduction to High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions written by Cheuk-Yin Wong and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written primarily for researchers and graduate students who are new in this emerging field, this book develops the necessary tools so that readers can follow the latest advances in this subject. Readers are first guided to examine the basic informations on nucleon-nucleon collisions and the use of the nucleus as an arena to study the interaction of one nucleon with another. A good survey of the relation between nucleon-nucleon and nucleus-nucleus collisions provides the proper comparison to study phenomena involving the more exotic quark-gluon plasma. Properties of the quark-gluon plasma and signatures for its detection are discussed to aid future searches and exploration for this exotic matter. Recent experimental findings are summarised.
Book Synopsis Novel High Transverse Momentum Phenomena in Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions by :
Download or read book Novel High Transverse Momentum Phenomena in Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I discuss a number of novel phenomenological features of QCD in high transverse momentum reactions. The presence of direct higher-twist processes, where a proton is produced directly in the hard subprocess, can explain the 'baryon anomaly' - the large proton-to-pion ratio seen at RHIC in high centrality heavy ion collisions. Direct hadronic processes can also account for the deviation from leading-twist PQCD scaling at fixed x{sub T} = 2 p{sub T}/(square root)s. I suggest that the 'ridge' --the same-side long-range rapidity correlation observed at RHIC in high centrality heavy ion collisions is due to the imprint of semihard DGLAP gluon radiation from initial-state partons which have transverse momenta biased toward the trigger. A model for early thermalization of the quark-gluon medium is also outlined. Rescattering interactions from gluon-exchange, normally neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions, leading to leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, diffractive hard hadronic reactions, the breakdown of the Lam-Tung relation in Drell-Yan reactions, nuclear shadowing--all leading-twist dynamics not incorporated in the light-front wavefunctions of the target computed in isolation. Anti shadowing is shown to be quark flavor specific and thus different in charged and neutral deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering. I also discuss other aspects of quantum effects in heavy ion collisions, such as tests of hidden color in nuclear wavefunctions, the use of diffraction to materialize the Fock states of a hadronic projectile and test QCD color transparency, and the important consequences of color-octet intrinsic heavy quark distributions in the proton for particle and Higgs production at high x{sub F}. I also discuss how the AdS/CFT correspondence between Anti-de Sitter space and conformal gauge theories allows one to compute the analytic form of frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of mesons and baryons and to compute quark and gluon hadronization at the amplitude level. Finally, the BLM method for determining the renormalization scale in PQCD calculations is reviewed.
Book Synopsis Study of High Transverse Momentum Charged Particle Suppression in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC by : Andre Sungho Yoon
Download or read book Study of High Transverse Momentum Charged Particle Suppression in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC written by Andre Sungho Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The charged particle spectrum at large transverse momentum (PT), dominated by hadrons originating from parton fragmentation, is an important observable for studying the properties of the hot, dense medium produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The study of the modifications of the PT spectrum in PbPb compared to pp collisions at the same collision energy can shed light on the detailed mechanism by which hard partons lose energy traversing the medium. In this thesis, the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in pp and PbPb collisions at [square root of]Snn = 2.76 TeV measured up to PT = 100 GeV/c with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented. In the transverse momentum range PT = 5-10 GeV/c, the charged particle yield in the most central PbPb collisions is suppressed by up to a factor of 7 compared to the pp yield scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions. At higher PT, this suppression is significantly reduced, approaching roughly a factor of 2 for particles with PT in the range PT = 40-100 GeV/c. A simple modeling of the parton energy loss applied to the PYTHIA Monte-Carlo (MC) reveals that the charged particle spectrum with the pQCD-motivated fractional parton energy loss can describes the shape of the measured suppression well in the range PT = 5-100 GeV/c.
Book Synopsis Particle Production in Highly Excited Matter by : Hans H. Gutbrod
Download or read book Particle Production in Highly Excited Matter written by Hans H. Gutbrod and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven years after the first experiments in the new field of Nuclear Physics, the Highly Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics, the Nato-Advanced- Study-Institute on the 'Particle Production in Highly Excited Matter' was held from July 12 till July 24, 1992, at Il Ciocco, Castelvecchio Pascoli, near Lucca in Italy. The school took place at a mo ment when intensive efforts are mounted by the scientific community of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics to meet the extraordinary challenge of the new upcoming physics opportunities. The gold beams of 10 GeV A at Brookhaven AGS have been sent to the experiments this Summer and we extent our congratulations to the persons and teams who made this possible. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven is under construction and expected to allow experiments to see collisions in the intersec tion regions early 1998. The lead beams at the SPS at CERN scheduled for summer 1994 are eagerly awaited by 6 large experiments, and many scientists are planning the experiments at the planned LHC with heavy ions to be turned on before the year 2000. Seen against this background of rather fierce activity, we were most delighted when NATO accepted our application for an Advanced Study Institute oriented to the main subject of this young and dynamic field of research. We are very grateful to the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and Dr. L. DaCunha, the director of the Advanced Study Institute program for giving our community this opportunity.
Book Synopsis Introduction to the Theory of Heavy-Ion Collisions by : W. Nörenberg
Download or read book Introduction to the Theory of Heavy-Ion Collisions written by W. Nörenberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of heavy-ion reactions, nuclear physics has acquired a new frontier. The new heavy-ion sources operating at electrostatic accelerators and the high-energy experiments performed at Berkeley, Dubna, Manchester and Orsay, have opened up the field, and have shown us impressive new prospects. The new accelerators now under construction at Berlin, Daresbury and Darmstadt, as well as those under consideration (GANIL, Oak Ridge, etc. ) are expected to add significantly to our knowledge and understanding of nuclear properties. This applies not only to such exotic topics as the existence and lifetimes of superheavy elements, or the possibil ity of shock waves in nuclei, but also to such more mundane issues as high-spin states, new regions of deformed nuclei and friction forces. The field promises not only to produce a rich variety of interesting phenomena, but also to have wide-spread theoretical implications. Heavy-ion reactions are characterized by the large masses of the fragments, as well as the high total energy and the large total angular momentum typically involved in the collision. A purely quantum-mechanical description of such a collision process may be too complicated to be either possible or inter esting. We expect and, in some cases,know that the classical limit, the limit of geometrical optics, a quantum-statistical or a hydrodynamical description correctly account for typical features.
Book Synopsis Hard Probes in Heavy-ion Collisions at the LRC by : European Organization for Nuclear Research
Download or read book Hard Probes in Heavy-ion Collisions at the LRC written by European Organization for Nuclear Research and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Wojciech Florkowski Publisher :World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN 13 :9813107596 Total Pages :437 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (131 download)
Book Synopsis Phenomenology Of Ultra-relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions by : Wojciech Florkowski
Download or read book Phenomenology Of Ultra-relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions written by Wojciech Florkowski and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-03-24 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an introduction to main ideas used in the physics of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The links between basic theoretical concepts (discussed gradually from the elementary to more advanced level) and the results of experiments are outlined, so that experimentalists may learn more about the foundations of the models used by them to fit and interpret the data, while theoreticians may learn more about how different theoretical ideas are used in practical applications. The main task of the book is to collect the available information and establish a uniform picture of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The properties of hot and dense matter implied by this picture are discussed comprehensively. In particular, the issues concerning the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in present and future heavy-ion experiments are addressed.
Book Synopsis Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions by : Ramona Vogt
Download or read book Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions written by Ramona Vogt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-06-04 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in high energy heavy-ion physics. It is relevant for students who will work on topics being explored at RHIC and the LHC. In the first part, the basic principles of these studies are covered including kinematics, cross sections (including the quark model and parton distribution functions), the geometry of nuclear collisions, thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and relevant aspects of lattice gauge theory at finite temperature. The second part covers some more specific probes of heavy-ion collisions at these energies: high mass thermal dileptons, quarkonium and hadronization. The second part also serves as extended examples of concepts learned in the previous part. Both parts contain examples in the text as well as exercises at the end of each chapter. - Designed for students and newcomers to the field- Focuses on hard probes and QCD- Covers all aspects of high energy heavy-ion physics- Includes worked example problems and exercises
Book Synopsis Heavy Ion Collisions by : Paul Bonche
Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions written by Paul Bonche and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1984 Cargese Advanced Study Institute was devoted to the study of nuclear heavy ion collisions at medium and ultrarelativis tic energies. The origin of this meeting goes back to 1982 when the organizers met at the GANIL laboratory in Caen, France which had just started accelerating argon ions at 44 MeV per nucleon. We then realized that 1984 should be the appropriate time to review the first results obtained with such new kinds of facilities. The material contained in this volume, presenting many beautiful re sults on nuclei at high excitation, fully confirms this point. Many stimulating exchanges between experts in rather diffe rent fields already took place during the school and we hope that this cross fertilization will lead to further developments. About half of the present volume is also devoted to the field of relativistic heavy ion collisions, which is now expanding rapidly. As an illustration, let us recall that the construction of a 30 on 30 GeV per nucleon collider at Brookhaven has been recognized last year as one cf the major priorities by the US Nuclear Science Advisory Committee. We would like to express our gratitude to NATO for its ge nerous financial support which made this institute possible. We also wish to thank the Institut de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Commissariat a l'energie atomique (France) and The National Science Foundation (USA) for the attribution of travel grants.
Book Synopsis Search for New Physics in Events with High Jet Multiplicity and Low Missing Transverse Momentum in Proton-proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} by :
Download or read book Search for New Physics in Events with High Jet Multiplicity and Low Missing Transverse Momentum in Proton-proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dedicated search is presented for new phenomena in inclusive eight- and ten-jet final states with low missing transverse momentum, with and without identification of jets originating from b quarks. The analysis is based on data from proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The dominant multijet background expectations are obtained from low jet multiplicity control samples. Data agree well with the standard model background predictions, and limits are set in several benchmark models. Colorons (axigluons) with masses between 0.6 and 0.75 (up to 1.15) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. Similar exclusion limits for gluinos in R-parity violating supersymmetric scenarios are from 0.6 up to 1.1TeV. These results comprise the first experimental probe of the coloron and axigluon models in multijet final states.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Physics by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.
Book Synopsis Extended Transverse Momentum Analysis for Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions by : Ju. B. Ivanov
Download or read book Extended Transverse Momentum Analysis for Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions written by Ju. B. Ivanov and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energy by : Subal Das Gupta
Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energy written by Subal Das Gupta and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ions are atoms or molecules stripped of their electrons, so they can be accelerated by electric fields. They can be made to hit each other with low energy, intermediate energy, high energy, or very high energy; each energy range seeks to investigate different aspects of hadronic physics. Intermediate-energy heavy ion collisions explore the nuclei far from stability valley, the incompressibility of nuclear matter, the liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear environment, the symmetry energy far from the normal density, and other phenomena. This has been an active field of research for last four decades. This is a book for entrants in the field. It is suitable as a companion book in a graduate course. For practitioners in the field it will be useful as a reference.
Book Synopsis Momentum-integrated Elliptic Flow and Transverse Collision Geometry in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-nucleus Collisions by : Peter Kirk Walters
Download or read book Momentum-integrated Elliptic Flow and Transverse Collision Geometry in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-nucleus Collisions written by Peter Kirk Walters and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ultrareletivistic nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider have produced a high temperature, high energy density medium consisting of a strongly interacting plasma of quarks and gluons. This extreme state of matter provides a testing ground for quantum chromodynamics. Previous studies of gold-gold collisions over a wide range of beam energies revealed many properties of the produced medium. However, these studies were restricted to relatively large colliding systems which resulted in large collision volumes; it is therefore important to investigate what role the size of the collision volume plays in the evolution of the source, particularly as the source volume becomes vanishingly small. This can be achieved with symmetric copper-copper collisions, which offer access to a range of system sizes from [approximately] 10 participating nucleons up through volumes comparable to those created in gold-gold collisions. Collective behaviors of the produced particles in heavy-ion collisions can provide useful probes into the state of the medium produced, including its degree of thermalization and its properties. The elliptic flow, an anisotropy in the azimuthal distribution of the produced particles that is strongly correlated to the initial transverse geometry of the colliding nuclei, is one such collective motion that has proven to be a very useful observable for studying heavy-ion collisions. This is because it exhibits fairly large magnitudes in the systems being studied and is sensitive to the strength of the partonic interactions in-medium. The PHOBOS experiment, which can measure the positions of produced charged particles with high precision over nearly the full solid angle, is well-suited to study the elliptic flow and its evolution over an extended range along the beam direction. The elliptic flow from copper-copper collisions at center-of-mass energies of 22.4, 62.4, and 200GeV per nucleon pair are presented as a function of pseudorapidity and system size. The appearance of unexpected behaviors in the smaller system prompted a re-examination of the role of the collision geometry on the production of elliptic flow. Studies using Monte-Carlo Glauber simulations found that the fluctuating spatial configurations of the component nucleons in the colliding nuclei could result in significant variation of the shape of the nuclear overlap on an event-by-event basis, and that these fluctuations become important for small systems. The eccentricity, a quantity that characterizes the ellipticity of the nuclear overlap in the transverse plane, is redefined to account for these fluctuations as the participant eccentricity. It is found that the event-by-event fluctuations of the participant eccentricity are able to fully account for the observed elliptic flow in the smaller system. The participant eccentricity is used to normalize the measured elliptic flow across different colliding systems to a common initial geometry so that a direct comparison of the properties of the produced medium can be made. It is found that the produced medium evolves smoothly from systems of [approximately] 10 participant nucleons to systems involving more than 350 nucleons and for collision energies from 19.6 to 200GeV per nucleon pair. This smooth evolution of the elliptic flow is also observed as a function of pseudorapidity in all the systems studied. After accounting for the initial geometry, no indication of the identity of the original colliding system is observed"--Page vi-vii.
Book Synopsis Azimuthal Anisotropy of Charged Particles at High Transverse Momenta in PbPb Collisions at Sqrt(s[NN] by :
Download or read book Azimuthal Anisotropy of Charged Particles at High Transverse Momenta in PbPb Collisions at Sqrt(s[NN] written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range measured.
Book Synopsis A Measurement of Charged Particle Ratios at High Transverse Momentum in an Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Collision by : Matthew Allen Horsley
Download or read book A Measurement of Charged Particle Ratios at High Transverse Momentum in an Ultra-relativistic Heavy Ion Collision written by Matthew Allen Horsley and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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