Structure And Properties Of Rubbers And Their Blends Affected By Ultrasonically Assisted Extrusion

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Structure and Properties of Rubbers and Their Blends Affected by Ultrasonically Assisted Extrusion

Author : Tian Liang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Structure and Properties of Rubbers and Their Blends Affected by Ultrasonically Assisted Extrusion by : Tian Liang

Download or read book Structure and Properties of Rubbers and Their Blends Affected by Ultrasonically Assisted Extrusion written by Tian Liang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extrusion of star SBR, BR, NR, SBR/BR and NR/BR blends was carried out without and with ultrasonic treatment at amplitudes of 3.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 [micron]m and frequency of 20 kHz. The ultrasonic power consumption and die pressure during extrusion were measured. The power consumption increased and the die pressure generally decreased with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude. The gel fraction of untreated and treated rubber gums and rubber blends have been measured. Gel formation in star SBR and BR was found to start to occur at ultrasonic amplitudes of 5 [micron]m and 7.5 [micron]m, respectively, while no gel formation occurred in NR at any amplitude. Gel formation in treated SBR/BR blend occurred at amplitudes of 7.5 [micron]m and 10 [micron]m. No gel formation was observed in NR/BR blend treated up to an amplitude of 7.5 [micron]m. Generally, the gel content increased with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude in rubbers that are prone to gel formation. Molecular weight of the soluble part of gel was measured. The measurements indicated that ultrasonic treatment of star SBR, BR and SBR/BR blend at small amplitudes created molecules with a higher molecular weight, while at high amplitudes, chain scission took place. At the same time, ultrasonic treatment of NR only resulted in chain scission. Dynamic properties of the untreated and ultrasonically treated rubber gums and blends as a function of frequency at a small strain amplitude indicated the strong correlation with gel fraction and molecular weight. Specifically, gel formation resulted in a higher storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity and a lower loss tangent in the low frequency region. Chain scission caused a lower storage modulus, loss modulus, complex viscosity and a higher loss tangent in the high frequency region. Compounds of untreated and treated star SBR, BR, SBR/BR blends with CB, silica and silica/silane were prepared. Also, compounds of untreated and treated NR and NR/BR blends with silica and silica/silane were prepared. The high molecular weight fraction created during ultrasonic treatment was found to increase the bound rubber content and rubber-filler interaction in the silica filled compounds. The higher bound rubber content was found to increase the thickness of bound rubber layer and reduce the flocculation of silica and filler-filler interaction. However, in the CB-filled and silica/silane-filled compounds did not show changes in bound rubber content and flocculation behavior. Higher level of flocculation was generally observed in filled compounds made from rubber gums and blends containing gel. This was due to the fact that filler was not dispersed in the gel part, such that the dispersion becomes inhomogeneous with the filler becoming more susceptible to flocculation. The stress-strain behaviors of vulcanizates were measured. The tensile strength of vulcanizates prepared from star SBR/silica compound ultrasonically treated at an amplitude of 3.5 [micron]m and not containing gel was increased in comparison with that of untreated rubber. Generally, the gel formation resulted in a lower tensile strength and elongation at break, as a result of the inhomogeneous dispersion of filler. The rolling resistance predicted based DMA measurements showed a reduction for vulcanizates prepared from SBR/BR/Silica and BR/Silica compounds ultrasonically treated at an amplitude of 5 [micron]m. For treated rubber gums and blends containing gel, DMA measurements of filled vulcanizates predicted a lower snow and wet traction, and a high rolling resistance. This is due to the stronger filler-filler interaction as a result of poor dispersion of filler.

Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion of Rubber Nanocomposites and Rubber Blends

Author : Jaesun Choi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion of Rubber Nanocomposites and Rubber Blends by : Jaesun Choi

Download or read book Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion of Rubber Nanocomposites and Rubber Blends written by Jaesun Choi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dispersion of nanofillers in rubber nanocomposites and distribution of components and their interaction in rubber blends is known to significantly affect their rheology and performance characteristics. Application of ultrasonic waves during extrusion is considered a possible means to influence compounding of polymer nanocomposites and polymer blends. The present study is devoted to the ultrasonically aided extrusion of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds filled with carbon black (CB), carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) and NR/SBR blends. The ultrasonic treatment was found to provide a better processibility leading to a significant reduction of the die pressure during extrusion. For SBR nanocomposites, an increase of the ultrasonic amplitude up to certain values caused an increase of the gel fraction and viscosity of compounds, minimum and maximum torques during their curing. Due to the gel formation in SBR under ultrasonic treatment, an increase of the crosslink density, modulus and tensile strength of vulcanizates was observed. In contrast to SBR nanocomposites, the gel formation in NR nanocomposites under ultrasonic treatment was absent, and their properties were little affected by the treatment till an amplitude of 5.0 [micron]m. The ultrasonic treatment of SBR and NR nanocomposites at an amplitude of 7.5 [micron]m led to a decrease of their properties, due to the dominant effect of chain scission. The ultrasonic treatment of SBR/CB and SBR/CNT nanocomposites led to a decrease of the electrical percolation threshold of their vulcanizates due to the ultrasonically induced uneven distribution of fillers as observed by the optical microscopy. The latter was caused by the gel formation in SBR affecting flow behavior of their compounds. The AFM analysis of SBR vulcanizates indicated that the ultrasonic treatment of SBR/CB and SBR/CNT nanocomposites led to a penetration of SBR chains into filler agglomerates. Interestingly, at the same apparent crosslink density, the modulus at 300 % of the ultrasonically treated SBR/CB and SBR/CNT vulcanizates was higher than that of the untreated vulcanizates. The ultrasonic treatment at an amplitude of 5.0 [micron]m led to an increase of both the tensile strength and elongation at break of SBR/CB vulcanizates at a loading of 60 phr. These observations are an indication of a reinforcing effect by the ultrasonic treatment, possibly due to a better SBR-filler interaction via the chemical reaction between SBR macroradicals created by the ultrasonic treatment and active sites of fillers. For ultrasonically treated NR/CB and NR/CNT nanocomposites, the uneven distribution of fillers and penetration of NR chains into agglomerates were not observed. The optical microscopy and AFM studies showed that the ultrasonic treatment of NR/CNT nanocomposite at a loading of 25 phr led to a breakdown of agglomerates and a better distribution of individual CNTs. Such morphological changes are associated with the strong Payne effect and the increase in hardness. A quantitative AFM analysis of vulcanizates showed that the ultrasonic treatment of NR/CB nanocomposites led to a better micro-dispersion. It is believed that the ultrasonically induced pulsating cavities in compounds transfer the vibration energy to surrounding molecules, leading to a breakdown of agglomerates. At the same time, it is believed that the ultrasonic treatment induces oxidation of NR leading to a chain scission and preventing a rubber gel formation and rubber-filler chemical reaction.The ultrasonic treatment of NR/SBR blends at an amplitude of 5.0 [micron]m led to an increase of both the tensile strength and elongation at break, with the modulus at 100 % being maintained. The phase contrast optical microscopy and AFM analysis of ultrasonically treated NR/SBR blend indicated a significant reduction of size of rubber phases. However, the ultrasonic treatment at an amplitude of 10 [micron]m led to a significant chain scission, decreasing the modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break.

Natural Rubber/styrene Butadiene Rubber Blends Prepared by Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Rubber/styrene Butadiene Rubber Blends Prepared by Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion by :

Download or read book Natural Rubber/styrene Butadiene Rubber Blends Prepared by Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Blends of Natural Rubber

Author : K.C. Jones
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780412819407
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Blends of Natural Rubber by : K.C. Jones

Download or read book Blends of Natural Rubber written by K.C. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-12-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blends of natural rubber with speciality synthetic rubbers, such as nitrile rubber and ethylene propylene rubbers, have, in the past, failed to combine the best properties of polymers, resulting in a poor return in terms of added value from the blending process. The idea of blending synthetic rubbers with natural rubbe is certainly not a new one, but it is only now that this can be shown to be possible with consistently positive resluts, but eh use of novel techniques which this book describes, giving valuable information on the technology required and the results which can be achieved. Blends of Natural Rubber is an invaluable source of information for all those working in the area of rubber technology and polymer blend technology.

Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 3

Author : Avraam I. Isayev
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352731931X
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 3 by : Avraam I. Isayev

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 3 written by Avraam I. Isayev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete and timely overview of the topic, this Encyclopedia imparts knowledge of fundamental principles and their applications for academicians, scientists and researchers, while informing engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs of the current state of the technology and its utilization. The most comprehensive source on polymer blends available on the market Offers a complete and timely overview of the topic Each article presents up to date research & development on a topic and its basic principles and applications, integrates case studies, laboratory and pilot plant experiments, and gives due reference to published and patented literature Equips academics, scientists and researchers with knowledge of fundamentals principles and their applications, and informs the engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs about the state of the art technology and its applications

Conference Proceedings

Author : Society of Plastics Engineers. Technical Conference
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1234 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Conference Proceedings by : Society of Plastics Engineers. Technical Conference

Download or read book Conference Proceedings written by Society of Plastics Engineers. Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Characterization of Polymer Blends

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527331530
Total Pages : 972 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Polymer Blends by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Characterization of Polymer Blends written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the gap for a reference dedicated to the characterization of polymer blends and their micro and nano morphologies, this book provides comprehensive, systematic coverage in a one-stop, two-volume resource for all those working in the field. Leading researchers from industry and academia, as well as from government and private research institutions around the world summarize recent technical advances in chapters devoted to their individual contributions. In so doing, they examine a wide range of modern characterization techniques, from microscopy and spectroscopy to diffraction, thermal analysis, rheology, mechanical measurements and chromatography. These methods are compared with each other to assist in determining the best solution for both fundamental and applied problems, paying attention to the characterization of nanoscale miscibility and interfaces, both in blends involving copolymers and in immiscible blends. The thermodynamics, miscibility, phase separation, morphology and interfaces in polymer blends are also discussed in light of new insights involving the nanoscopic scale. Finally, the authors detail the processing-morphology-property relationships of polymer blends, as well as the influence of processing on the generation of micro and nano morphologies, and the dependence of these morphologies on the properties of blends. Hot topics such as compatibilization through nanoparticles, miscibility of new biopolymers and nanoscale investigations of interfaces in blends are also addressed. With its application-oriented approach, handpicked selection of topics and expert contributors, this is an outstanding survey for anyone involved in the field of polymer blends for advanced technologies.

Rubber Technologist's Handbook

Author : Sadhan K. De
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859572627
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (726 download)

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Book Synopsis Rubber Technologist's Handbook by : Sadhan K. De

Download or read book Rubber Technologist's Handbook written by Sadhan K. De and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures

Author : Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429520824
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures by : Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa

Download or read book Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures written by Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive account of developments in the area of lightweight polymer composites. It encompasses design and manufacturing methods for the lightweight polymer structures, various techniques, and a broad spectrum of applications. The book highlights fundamental research in lightweight polymer structures and integrates various aspects from synthesis to applications of these materials. Features Serves as a one stop reference with contributions from leading researchers from industry, academy, government, and private research institutions across the globe Explores all important aspects of lightweight polymer composite structures Offers an update of concepts, advancements, challenges, and application of lightweight structures Current status, trends, future directions, and opportunities are discussed, making it friendly for both new and experienced researchers.

Extrusion

Author : Harold F. Giles Jr
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 1437734820
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Extrusion by : Harold F. Giles Jr

Download or read book Extrusion written by Harold F. Giles Jr and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Extrusion is designed to aid operators, engineers, and managers in extrusion processing in quickly answering practical day-to-day questions. The first part of the book provides the fundamental principles, for operators and engineers, of polymeric materials extrusion processing in single and twin screw extruders. The next section covers advanced topics including troubleshooting, auxiliary equipment, and coextrusion for operators, engineers, and managers. The final part provides applications case studies in key areas for engineers such as compounding, blown film, extrusion blow molding, coating, foam, and reprocessing. This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. Detailed reference data are provided on such important operating conditions as temperatures, start-up procedures, shear rates, pressure drops, and safety. A practical guide to the selection, design and optimization of extrusion processes and equipment Designed to improve production efficiency and product quality Focuses on practical fault analysis and troubleshooting techniques

Dissertation Abstracts International

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemical Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2540 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Latices

Author : D.C. Blackley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401158487
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Download or read book Polymer Latices written by D.C. Blackley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Latices, Second Edition is a comprehensive update of the previous edition, High Polymer Latices, taking into account the many developments since it was first published in 1966. It is the only publication to provide such an outstanding and extensive review of latex science and technology, from background theory and principles, to modern day applications. It will prove an invaluable reference source for all those working in the area of latex science and technology, such as colloid chemists, polymer scientists, and materials processors.

Polymer Science

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Polymer Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The English version will include two issues, chemistry and the physics of polymers.

Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers

Author : Nikhil K. Singha
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323986382
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers by : Nikhil K. Singha

Download or read book Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers written by Nikhil K. Singha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-26 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomers: Challenges and Opportunities brings together the state-of-the-art in thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), covering innovative materials, synthesis techniques, processing methods and sustainability. Sections outline thermoplastic elastomers, rubber elastic, and thermoplastic vulcanizates, and review the current landscape, from research and published literature, to commercialization and patents. Subsequent chapters offer methodical coverage of different categories of advanced thermoplastic elastomer materials, including areas such as polyolefin-based TPEs and high performance TPEs. The final chapters in the book examine options for sustainability, including bio-based, bio-resourced, and biodegradable TPEs, as well as circular economy and recycling of TPEs.Finally, outlook and future market and research trends are reviewed. This is a valuable book for researchers and advanced students working with elastomers, polymer science, materials chemistry, and materials engineering. In an industrial setting, this is an essential resource for R&D professionals, scientists, and engineers looking to utilize thermoplastic elastomers in a range of advanced applications. Focuses on novel materials, such as polyolefin-based TPEs, fluorinated TPEs, silicone-based TPEs, and ionic TPEs Discusses sustainability in terms of bio-based or biocompatible TPEs, recycling and the circular economy Helps bridge the gap between research and commercialization, reviewing patents, literature, trends, and market.

Science and Technology of Rubber

Author : James E. Mark
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080456014
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Download or read book Science and Technology of Rubber written by James E. Mark and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology of Rubber, Third Edition provides a broad survey of elastomers with special emphasis on materials with a rubber-like elasticity. As in the 2nd edition, the emphasis remains on a unified treatment of the material; exploring topics from the chemical aspects such as elastomer synthesis and curing, through recent theoretical developments and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic properties, to the final applications of rubber, including tire engineering and manufacturing. Many advances have been made in polymer and elastomers research over the past ten years since the 2nd edition was published. Updated material stresses the continuous relationship between the ongoing research in synthesis, physics, structure and mechanics of rubber technology and industrial applications. Special attention is paid to recent advances in rubber-like elasticity theory and new processing techniques for elastomers. This new edition is comprised of 20% new material, including a new chapter on environmental issues and tire recycling.

Process–Structure–Properties in Polymer Additive Manufacturing

Author : Swee Leong Sing
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303651371X
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Process–Structure–Properties in Polymer Additive Manufacturing by : Swee Leong Sing

Download or read book Process–Structure–Properties in Polymer Additive Manufacturing written by Swee Leong Sing and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) methods have grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. AM for polymers is an exciting field and has great potential in transformative and translational research in many fields, such as biomedical, aerospace, and even electronics. Current methods for polymer AM include material extrusion, material jetting, vat polymerisation, and powder bed fusion. With the promise of more applications, detailed understanding of AM—from the processability of the feedstock to the relationship between the process–structure–properties of AM parts—has become more critical. More research work is needed in material development to widen the choice of materials for polymer additive manufacturing. Modelling and simulations of the process will allow the prediction of microstructures and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts while complementing the understanding of the physical phenomena that occurs during the AM processes. In this book, state-of-the-art reviews and current research are collated, which focus on the process–structure–properties relationships in polymer additive manufacturing.