Structuration du silicium par laser femtoseconde

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Structuration du silicium par laser femtoseconde by : Rémi Torres

Download or read book Structuration du silicium par laser femtoseconde written by Rémi Torres and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Il a été montré récemment (Mazur et al, Harvard University) qu'un moyen simple d'améliorer le rendement des cellules solaires photovoltaïques actuelles pouvait être obtenu en irradiant la structure du silicium avec des impulsions laser femtoseconde en présence d'un gaz sulfuré (SF6). Cette irradiation entraîne la formation de micro-structures érigées (spikes) sur la surface. Celle ci devient ainsi fortement absorbante au rayonnement solaire (black silicon). Le travail effectué durant cette thèse a porté sur plusieurs points. Dans un premier temps une étude complète a été menée sur les différents paramètres expérimentaux permettant la création de ces micro-structures à la surface du silicium. Parallèlement, des séries d'expériences ont été menées pour permettre la compréhension des mécanismes physiques entraînant leur formation. Par la suite, les surfaces de silicium micro-structurées ont été caractérisées optiquement. Les résultats obtenus permettent d'avoir une absorption de 96 % du silicium dans les spectre UV et visible. Des cellules solaires complètes ont été réalisées afin d'en caractériser électriquement les performances.

Formation de nano-structures lors de l'ablation du silicium par laser femtoseconde

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ISBN 13 : 9780494802717
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Formation de nano-structures lors de l'ablation du silicium par laser femtoseconde by : Nicolas Berton

Download or read book Formation de nano-structures lors de l'ablation du silicium par laser femtoseconde written by Nicolas Berton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Raman lasers and amplifiers in silicon photonics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Raman lasers and amplifiers in silicon photonics by : Mohammad Ahmadi

Download or read book Raman lasers and amplifiers in silicon photonics written by Mohammad Ahmadi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le silicium est le fondement de la microélectronique, pour laquelle des milliards de dollars et des décennies de recherche ont été consacrés au développement de l'industrie de la fabrication. Après avoir surmonté un certain nombre d'obstacles techniques difficiles, cette technologie a atteint une maturité, une rentabilité et un processus robuste. La photonique à base de silicium a récemment fait l'objet d'une grande attention en raison de la demande mondiale croissante de données issues des télécommunications. Le silicium, matériau transparent dans les spectres du proche et du moyen infrarouge, permet de concevoir des circuits optiques basés sur cette plate-forme. Tirant parti de l'infrastructure et de l'expertise de la fabrication microélectronique moderne, la photonique de silicium offre de nombreux avantages attrayants en réduisant la taille, la consommation d'énergie et le coût de fabrication, ainsi qu'un grand potentiel de production de masse. Les progrès récents de la photonique de silicium ont permis aux concepteurs d'avoir accès à des librairies de blocs de construction passifs et actifs tels que des multiplexeurs, des résonateurs en anneau, des modulateurs, des photodétecteurs, etc. Ces avancées ont incité les chercheurs à exploiter cette plateforme dans divers domaines allant de la détection à la médecine. L'un des défis de la recherche sur la photonique du silicium est de développer une source de lumière et un amplificateur compatible avec le silicium en raison des bandes interdites indirectes du silicium et du germanium. Plusieurs solutions sont actuellement à l'étude pour fournir des sources de lumière sur puce, qui sont réalisées comme suit : lasers à commande électrique par manipulation de la bande interdite et méthodes de co-intégration ou lasers à commande optique par co-intégration de matériaux de gain, dopage d'un matériau de revêtement avec des ions de terres rares, ou utilisation d'effets non linéaires pour convertir la fréquence. La manipulation de la bande interdite implique l'ingénierie de la bande interdite des matériaux du groupe IV avec des souches ou des alliages pour améliorer l'émission directe de la bande interdite. Les techniques de co-intégration comprennent la croissance épitaxiale hétérogène ou le collage de matériaux du groupe III-V sur le guide d'ondes en silicium pour concevoir un laser ou tirer parti de caractéristiques à gain élevé. Le dopage d'une gaine de verre avec des éléments de terres rares comme le thulium, l'holmium, l'erbium avec des guides d'ondes spécialement conçus pour former une cavité laser a également été proposé comme solution. La conversion de fréquence par des effets non linéaires dans les guides d'ondes en silicium est une autre approche de la génération de lumière sur puce qui peut être réalisée sans aucun post-traitement des puces en silicium sur isolant (SOI). Par exemple, dans le silicium, la non-linéarité du troisième ordre permet la génération de peignes, la génération de supercontinuum, l'oscillation paramétrique optique et l'émission Raman. Parmi celles-ci, la diffusion Raman-Stokes stimulée (SRSS) peut être avantageusement utilisée pour la conversion et l'amplification des longueurs d'onde, car elle ne nécessite pas d'ingénierie de dispersion. Le gain Raman du silicium a donc été exploité dans la conception de divers lasers et amplificateurs sur puce. Les lasers et amplificateurs Raman sur puce utilisent des conceptions simples et ont jusqu'à présent été réalisés principalement avec des tranches de silicium relativement épaisses. Dans ce travail, nous profitons du gain Raman pour étudier, modéliser, concevoir et démontrer expérimentalement un laser et un amplificateur Raman. Nos recherches s'appuient sur une fonderie à accès libre offrant des plaquettes SOI standard avec une épaisseur de silicium de 220 nm. Dans notre première contribution, nous présentons un modèle complet pour un laser Raman CW dans une plateforme SOI. Nous concevons ensuite un laser Raman de 2,232 μm avec une cavité résonante en anneau sur puce. Les valeurs optimisées pour la longueur de la cavité et les rapports de couplage de puissance sont déterminés par la simulation numérique des performances du laser en tenant compte des variations de fabrication. Enfin, en concevant un coupleur directionnel (DC) accordable pour la cavité laser, une conception robuste du laser Raman est présentée. Nous montrons que la réduction des pertes de propagation et l'élimination des porteurs libres, par l'utilisation d'une jonction p-i-n, amélioreront de manière significative les performances du laser Raman en termes de réduction de la puissance de seuil et d'augmentation de l'efficacité de la pente. Dans notre deuxième contribution, nous démontrons un laser Raman accordable de haute performance qui convertit la gamme de longueur d'onde de pompe de 1530 nm - 1600 nm à la gamme de signal de 1662 nm- 1745 nm avec une puissance de sortie moyenne de 3 mW à ~50 mW de puissance de pompe avec un seul dispositif. La caractéristique principale de ce laser est l'utilisation d'un mécanisme de couplage accordable pour ajuster les coefficients de couplage de la pompe et du signal dans la cavité en anneau et compenser les erreurs de fabrication. Nos résultats sont très prometteurs pour l'augmentation substantielle des ressources spectrales optiques disponibles sur une puce de silicium. Nous démontrons également, pour la première fois, un laser Raman dans l'infrarouge moyen générant un signal à 2,231 μm avec une pompe à 2 μm et étudions les défis d'obtenir une émission cette bande. Notre dernière contribution est dédiée à l'amplificateur Raman, nous discutons et validons expérimentalement l'importance de considérer le gain Raman non-réciproque en utilisant une pompe et une sonde contre-propagatives ou co-propagatives, différentes longueurs d'amplificateur, puissances de pompe d'entrée et valeurs de perte non-linéaire. Nous démontrons un circuit optique sans perte assisté par Raman dans un guide d'ondes de 1,2 cm de longueur qui atteint un gain net nul avec seulement 60 mW de pompage en puissance continue. Nous examinons les pertes non linéaires des guides d'ondes en silicium pour estimer la durée de vie des porteurs libres (FCL), puis nous extrayons le coefficient de gain Raman du guide d'ondes photonique en silicium. Nous utilisons ensuite ces paramètres clés comme entrée d'un modèle d'amplificateur Raman photonique au silicium pour trouver la performance optimale en fonction de l'encombrement et de la puissance de pompage disponibles.

Journal de physique

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Journal de physique written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Structuration Non-linéaire de Verres Oxydes Par Laser Femtoseconde Dans Le Proche Infrarouge

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis Structuration Non-linéaire de Verres Oxydes Par Laser Femtoseconde Dans Le Proche Infrarouge by : Arnaud Royon

Download or read book Structuration Non-linéaire de Verres Oxydes Par Laser Femtoseconde Dans Le Proche Infrarouge written by Arnaud Royon and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-dimensional femtosecond laser structuring has a growing interest because of its ease of implementation and the numerous possible applications in the domain of photonic components. Structures such as waveguides, diffraction gratings, optical memories or photonic crystals can be fabricated thanks to this technique. Its use with oxide glasses is promising because of several advantages; they are resistant to flux and ageing, their chemical composition can easily be changed to fit the well-defined requirements of an application. They can already be found in Raman amplifiers, optical fibers, fiber lasers, and other devices. This thesis is based on two axes. The first axis consists in characterizing the linear and nonlinear optical properties of bulk vitreous materials in order to optimize their composition with a particular application in view. Within this context, the nonlinear optical properties, their physical origins (electronic and nuclear) as well as their characteristic response times (from a few femtoseconds to a few hundreds of picoseconds) are described within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Fused silica and several sodium-borophosphate glasses containing different concentrations in niobium oxide have been studied. Results show that the nonlinear optical properties of fused silica are mainly from electronic origin, whereas in the sodium-borophosphate glasses, the contribution from nuclear origin becomes predominant when the concentration of niobium oxide exceeds 30%. The second axis is based on the structuring of materials. Three commercially available fused silica samples presenting different fabrication conditions (therefore distinct impurity levels) and irradiated with a near infrared femtosecond laser have been studied. The laser induced defects have been identified by means of several spectroscopic techniques. They show the formation of color centers as well as a densification inside the irradiated area. Their linear refractive index and nonlinear third-order susceptibility properties have been measured. Moreover, the structuring of fused silica at the subwavelength scale into “nanogratings” is observed and the form of birefringence induced by these structures is discussed. In addition to the fused silica samples, several oxide glasses presenting very distinct chemical compositions have been studied. A sodium-borophosphate glass containing niobium oxide exhibits micro-cracks and nano-crystallites following irradiation. A silicate glass with or without a silver component reveals fluorescent rings or “nanograting” structures. A zinc phosphate glass containing silver also presents fluorescent ring structures, with a size of the order of 80 nm, well below the diffraction limit. Pump-probe microscope techniques have been performed on this glass to investigate the laser-glass interaction. The absorption mechanism is determined to be four-photon absorption. The generated free electron density is ~ 1017 cm-3, which suggests the conclusion that an electron gas rather than a plasma is formed during the laser irradiation.

Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482232812
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI by : Golla Eranna

Download or read book Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI written by Golla Eranna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon, as a single-crystal semiconductor, has sparked a revolution in the field of electronics and touched nearly every field of science and technology. Though available abundantly as silica and in various other forms in nature, silicon is difficult to separate from its chemical compounds because of its reactivity. As a solid, silicon is chemically inert and stable, but growing it as a single crystal creates many technological challenges. Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is one of the first books to cover the systematic growth of silicon single crystals and the complete evaluation of silicon, from sand to useful wafers for device fabrication. Written for engineers and researchers working in semiconductor fabrication industries, this practical text: Describes different techniques used to grow silicon single crystals Explains how grown single-crystal ingots become a complete silicon wafer for integrated-circuit fabrication Reviews different methods to evaluate silicon wafers to determine suitability for device applications Analyzes silicon wafers in terms of resistivity and impurity concentration mapping Examines the effect of intentional and unintentional impurities Explores the defects found in regular silicon-crystal lattice Discusses silicon wafer preparation for VLSI and ULSI processing Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI is an essential reference for different approaches to the selection of the basic silicon-containing compound, separation of silicon as metallurgical-grade pure silicon, subsequent purification, single-crystal growth, and defects and evaluation of the deviations within the grown crystals.

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 928 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

ICREEC 2019

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811554447
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis ICREEC 2019 by : Ahmed Belasri

Download or read book ICREEC 2019 written by Ahmed Belasri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

Silicon

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662098970
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Silicon by : Paul Siffert

Download or read book Silicon written by Paul Siffert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With topics ranging from epitaxy through lattice defects and doping to quantum computation, this book provides a personalized survey of the development and use of silicon, the basis for the revolutionary changes in our lives sometimes called "The Silicon Age." Beginning with the very first developments more than 50 years ago, this reports on all aspects of silicon and silicon technology up to its use in exciting new technologies, including a glance at possible future developments.

Dissertation Abstracts International

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Exploring the Quantum

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191523240
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring the Quantum by : Serge Haroche

Download or read book Exploring the Quantum written by Serge Haroche and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The counter-intuitive aspects of quantum physics have been long illustrated by thought experiments, from Einstein's photon box to Schrödinger's cat. These experiments have now become real, with single particles - electrons, atoms, or photons - directly unveiling the strange features of the quantum. State superpositions, entanglement and complementarity define a novel quantum logic which can be harnessed for information processing, raising great hopes for applications. This book describes a class of such thought experiments made real. Juggling with atoms and photons confined in cavities, ions or cold atoms in traps, is here an incentive to shed a new light on the basic concepts of quantum physics. Measurement processes and decoherence at the quantum-classical boundary are highlighted. This volume, which combines theory and experiments, will be of interest to students in quantum physics, teachers seeking illustrations for their lectures and new problem sets, researchers in quantum optics and quantum information.

Principles of Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402012488
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Chemical Vapor Deposition by : Daniel Dobkin

Download or read book Principles of Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Daniel Dobkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Chemical Vapor Deposition provides a simple introduction to heat and mass transfer, surface and gas phase chemistry, and plasma discharge characteristics. In addition, the book includes discussions of practical films and reactors to help in the development of better processes and equipment. This book will assist workers new to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to understand CVD reactors and processes and to comprehend and exploit the literature in the field. The book reviews several disparate fields with which many researchers may have only a passing acquaintance, such as heat and mass transfer, discharge physics, and surface chemistry, focusing on key issues relevant to CVD. The book also examines examples of realistic industrial reactors and processes with simplified analysis to demonstrate how to apply the principles to practical situations. The book does not attempt to exhaustively survey the literature or to intimidate the reader with irrelevant mathematical apparatus. This book is as simple as possible while still retaining the essential physics and chemistry. The book is generously illustrated to assist the reader in forming the mental images which are the basis of understanding.

American Doctoral Dissertations

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Annual Index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1656 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Organic Solid-State Lasers

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642367054
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Solid-State Lasers by : Sébastien Forget

Download or read book Organic Solid-State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.

Atoms

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Publisher : Franklin Classics
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Atoms by : Jean Perrin

Download or read book Atoms written by Jean Perrin and published by Franklin Classics. This book was released on 1916 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stable Isotope Geochemistry

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662033771
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Geochemistry by : Jochen Hoefs

Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the fields of geoscience. It is subdivided into three parts: - theoretical and experimental principles; - fractionation mechanisms of light elements; - the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. In this updated 4th edition many of the chapters have been expanded, especially those on techniques and environmental aspects. The main focus is on recent results and new developments. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary reference with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems.