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Stream Fish Communities In Relation To Landcape Scale And Local Habitat Variables In The Beaverkill Willowemoc Watershed New York
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Book Synopsis Stream Fish Communities in Relation to Landcape-scale and Local Habitat Variables in the Beaverkill/Willowemoc Watershed, New York by : Tamara Ann Smith
Download or read book Stream Fish Communities in Relation to Landcape-scale and Local Habitat Variables in the Beaverkill/Willowemoc Watershed, New York written by Tamara Ann Smith and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landscape and Local Influences on the Biotic Integrity of Fish Communities in Ohio Headwater Streams by : Donna S. McCollum
Download or read book Landscape and Local Influences on the Biotic Integrity of Fish Communities in Ohio Headwater Streams written by Donna S. McCollum and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream ecosystems are holistic systems that incorporate disturbances and abiotic influences at many spatial and temporal scales. This view supports a three-tiered model of variables that determine biotic integrity in streams, with causes and effects flowing from large-scale to fine-scale processes. Tier One characteristics include variables important at the scale of geomorphological processes and land use over entire watersheds. These variables largely determine Tier Two factors, abiotic conditions in a stream reach. Tier Two variables, in turn, largely structure the Tier Three variables, the stream's biotic communities. Through field studies and GIS analysis, relationships among these three tiers of variables were examined in this research to explore the question of how agriculture exerts its influence on stream fishes. This study investigated 27 streams, in two ecoregions and the transition area, or ecotone, between them, in south-central Ohio. The study design allowed questions to be asked concerning the relative influence of geomorphology and land use in varied landscapes, as well as relative impacts of watershed versus riparian land use. The region also contained relatively equal proportions of three types of agriculture (hay, row crops, and pasture) allowing the study to address the question of which land use might be most harmful to stream fish. This study supported the importance of row crop agriculture, finding it to be the most degrading type of agriculture for stream fish, but also found pasture to be an important causal factor in stream community degradation. This study also supported the importance of riparian buffers, finding riparian agriculture to be more degrading than agriculture over the entire watershed. A more interesting finding is the suggestion that a minor amount of nutrient enrichment from agricultural land use may benefit streams that are naturally oligotrophic. A possible mechanism could be increased primary production, which increases macroinvertebrate density, and provides a larger food base for fishes. This study also reports the possible existence of a biodiversity "hotspot" in the transitional region between the two ecoregions. Some evidence exists that greater habitat heterogeneity increases species richness, suggesting a possible cause for higher biodiversity in this ecotonal region. Since habitat heterogeneity over whole streams was not measured in this study, both the existence and mechanism of such a hotspot needs more study. A final conclusion is that geomorphology and agricultural land use may be equally important in structuring stream conditions, and thus, biological stream communities. This study illustrates the difficulties associated with overlapping causes and effects in complex systems such as streams and their catchments. Several variables in the study reported here required examination at multiple scales and with multiple statistical techniques in order to understand relationships that varied across different regions. The effects of a particular agricultural variable were not always equal in the diverse landscapes of southern Ohio. Lotic ecologists must examine a variety of ecoregions, and incorporate a variety of scales with a variety of analytic tools, if predictive stream ecology is to become a reality.
Book Synopsis Stream Fish Community Dynamics by : William J. Matthews
Download or read book Stream Fish Community Dynamics written by William J. Matthews and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2017-05 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive synthesis of stream fish community research ever produced. Winner of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title of the Choice ACRL Ecologists have long struggled to understand community dynamics. In this groundbreaking book, leading fish ecologists William Matthews and Edie Marsh-Matthews apply long-term studies of stream fish communities to several enduring questions. This critical synthesis reaches to the heart of ecological theory, testing concepts against the four decades of data the authors have collected from numerous warm-water stream fish communities in the central and eastern United States. Stream Fish Community Dynamics draws together the work of a single research team to provide fresh analyses of the short- and long-term dynamics of numerous streams, each with multiple sampling sites. Conducting repeated surveys of fish communities at temporal scales from months to decades, the authors' research findings will fascinate anyone searching for a deeper understanding of community ecology. The study sites covered by this book range from small headwater creeks to large prairie rivers in Oklahoma and from Ozark and Ouachita mountain streams in Arkansas to the upland Roanoke River in Virginia. The book includes • A comparison of all global and local communities with respect to community composition at the species and family level, emergent community properties, and the relationship between those emergent properties and the environments of the study sites • Analyses of traits of individual species that are important to their distribution or success in harsh environments • A review of evidence for the importance of interactions—including competition and predation—in community dynamics of stream fishes • An assessment of disturbance effects in fish community dynamics • New analysis of the short- and long-term dynamics of variation in stream fish communities, illustrating the applicability and importance of the "loose equilibrium concept" • New analyses and comparisons of spatiotemporal variation in community dynamics and beta diversity partitioning • An overview of the effects of fish in ecosystems in the central and eastern United States The book ends with a summary chapter that places the authors' findings in broader contexts and describes how the "loose equilibrium concept"—which may be the most appropriate default assumption for dynamics of stream fishes in the changing climate of the future—applies to many kinds of stream fish communities.
Book Synopsis Controls of Stream Chemistry and Fish Populations in the Neversink Watershed, Catskill Mountains, New York by :
Download or read book Controls of Stream Chemistry and Fish Populations in the Neversink Watershed, Catskill Mountains, New York written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fish Communities and Their Relation to Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Streams from Selected Environmental Settings in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, 1993-95 by : Michael D. Bilger
Download or read book Fish Communities and Their Relation to Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Streams from Selected Environmental Settings in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, 1993-95 written by Michael D. Bilger and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fish Habitat Conditions by : C. Kerry Overton
Download or read book Fish Habitat Conditions written by C. Kerry Overton and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages by : Robert M. Hughes
Download or read book Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages written by Robert M. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linkages among landscape and associated physiochemical and biological characteristics of rivers are explored in the proceedings of a symposium, organized to foster communication among researchers, resource managers, and policy makers in landscape ecology, geographical information systems, and other related fields.
Book Synopsis Habitat Associations of Fish Species and Their Assemblages in the Tonawanda and Johnson Creek Watersheds of Northwestern New York State by : Scott M. Wells
Download or read book Habitat Associations of Fish Species and Their Assemblages in the Tonawanda and Johnson Creek Watersheds of Northwestern New York State written by Scott M. Wells and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream fishes and their habitats were surveyed at 108 sampling sites to determine the status of the rare longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) and redfin shiner (Lythrurus umbratilis) in the Tonawanda (TCW) and Johnson Creek (JCW) watersheds of northwestern New York, May-September 2005. Of the>27,500 individuals captured and 70 fish species identified, most were cyprinids, followed by centrarchids, catostomids, and percids. Each watershed revealed cyclic patterns and substantial variation in the longitudinal profiles of habitat and fish assemblage variables, especially at sites with anthropogenic disturbances. Fish assemblages were easily delineated longitudinally in the two watersheds using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) but associating fish species and their assemblages variables (CPUE, fish richness, Simpson's Diversity) with habitat variables was more challenging using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA: 62 associations, 27 species) and multiple linear regression (MLR: 80 associations, 47 species/33 assemblages) at 17 watershed and sub-watershed scales. In the more statistically rigorous MLR analyses, aquatic vegetation accounted for the greatest number of habitat associations (32%), followed by pool type, bank cover and substrate composition (16-17% each), suggesting that these habitat features may have been the most important to stream fishes in the study. In most cases, these finding were supported by the literature on stream fish ecology. Overall, fish species richness has remained relatively high and stable over time in both watersheds, even with ongoing localized disturbances occurring in the lower basins: NYS Barge (Erie) Canal, Batavia Dam (TCW) and Lyndonville Dam (JCW), as well as agricultural and suburban activities. New habitat associations were suggested for seven species. Findings from this study have already assisted with restoration efforts for the longear sunfish and may support future management of lesser known stream fishes in New York State.
Book Synopsis Stream Fish Populations in a Watershed Scale Context for Fish Community Dynamics in Central Appalachian Watersheds by :
Download or read book Stream Fish Populations in a Watershed Scale Context for Fish Community Dynamics in Central Appalachian Watersheds written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Patterns in Distribution of Stream Fishes in the Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network by : Evan Faulk
Download or read book Patterns in Distribution of Stream Fishes in the Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network written by Evan Faulk and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream fish communities are frequently utilized as bioindicators of water quality and stream ecosystem health, because environmental and anthropogenic processes that control and alter physicochemical properties of streams are often reflected in fish community composition. Research staff of the Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN), an Inventory and Monitoring network of the National Park Service, annually monitor core indicators of wadeable stream condition using measures of ecological integrity; however, no continuous stream fish community monitoring existed. Given the usefulness of stream fish as bioindicators and the potential benefits of adding long-term fish monitoring to the ERMN wadeable stream monitoring program, I developed and initiated the framework and methodology of a continuous, long-term fish community monitoring program for ERMN wadeable streams. During spring and summer of 2013 and 2014, an occupancy sampling framework was used to collect stream fish detection/non-detection data at 68 randomly-selected, spatially-balanced sites across two ERMN parks: Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA) and New River Gorge National River (NERI). Hierarchical community occupancy models were used to describe stream fish distribution and determine the relative importance of stream habitat, measured at multiple spatial scales, in structuring stream fish communities. Results indicated that occupancy probabilities and effects of habitat, with respect to direction and magnitude, differed among species. In most cases, natural longitudinal gradients of stream habitat were reflected in species-specific and species group-specific occupancy probabilities, but anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., species introductions, impoundments, deforestation, and water quality impairment) also influenced the frequency of species occurrence and native-introduced species dynamics. These results highlighted the importance of considering multiple processes and spatial scales when studying how stream fish communities are shaped by stream habitat; moreover, that occupancy may be a valuable state variable for use in long-term species monitoring programs.
Book Synopsis Local Vs. Landscape Effects of Land Cover on Stream Community Response to Disturbance by : Anne Siobhan Gallagher
Download or read book Local Vs. Landscape Effects of Land Cover on Stream Community Response to Disturbance written by Anne Siobhan Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Roles of Spatial Scale and Landscape Change in Mediating Predator Effects on Stream Fish Communities by : Lindsey Ann Bruckerhoff
Download or read book The Roles of Spatial Scale and Landscape Change in Mediating Predator Effects on Stream Fish Communities written by Lindsey Ann Bruckerhoff and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of predators in ecosystems has not only intrigued and puzzled ecologists over time, but predators are charismatic icons of conservation whose status indicates threats of global change. Through habitat alteration and fragmentation, climate change, and species introductions, predation pressure has been altered globally through the loss of apex predators, introduction of predators, and changes in predator distributions and abundance. While we know predators can influence ecosystems through top-down processes, managing changes in predation pressure requires quantifying effects of predators at scales relevant to management and conservation. In lotic systems, scales relevant to management often span across drainage basins, so predator effects must be quantified across stream networks. Because lotic communities also respond to landscape change, understanding the role of predators across stream networks requires careful consideration of local and broad scale abiotic factors influencing both predators and prey. I combined simulated, experimental, and observational data to 1) assess sampling strategies to determine effects of landscape change on stream fish communities, 2) measure changes in predator consumption rates across spatial scales and the role of prey behavior in driving scaling relationships, and 3) quantify the relationship between the presence of predators and stream fish community structure while controlling for abiotic variability across stream networks. In chapter 2, I compared how the distribution of sample sites (completely random, highly skewed, or uniform distributions) across landscape gradients influenced variability in measured responses of stream fish community metrics. Strong responses (species richness) to environmental gradients were robust to sample distributions, but large sample size and uniform distributions of samples across gradients were necessary to quantify more complex ecological responses (community composition). In chapter 3, I conducted a mesocosm study to quantify differences in per capita consumption across different arena sizes and measured three aspects of prey behavior hypothesized to be important in driving consumption rates: aggregation, movement, and spatial overlap with predators. Per capita consumption was highest in the largest arena relative to the smallest. I hypothesize the positive relationship between consumption and spatial scale was driven by lower group vigilance because prey aggregated less in large arenas. In chapter 4, I compared fish community structure, including richness and abundance of species, at sites in which a predatory fish, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), were present or absent. I first identified which abiotic factors, including both natural stream attributes and anthropogenic landscape changes, drove the presence of largemouth bass and stream fish community structure. I then controlled for important abiotic factors to determine relationships between largemouth bass and stream fish community structure. Richness was higher than predicted based on abiotic factors at sites where bass were present. Several species associated with small impoundments exhibited significant co-occurrence patterns with largemouth bass, likely driving the heightened richness at sites with bass. Complex ecological phenomena such as community responses to predators are difficult to measures, especially in the context of landscape change. These studies highlight the importance of thoughtful study design, the scale-dependence of biotic interactions, and challenges of quantifying responses to predators at scales relevant to conservation and management.
Book Synopsis Linking Variability in Environmental Measurements and Slimy Sculpin Populations in the Kennebecasis Watershed, NB, 1997-2012 by : Gila Somers
Download or read book Linking Variability in Environmental Measurements and Slimy Sculpin Populations in the Kennebecasis Watershed, NB, 1997-2012 written by Gila Somers and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Physical processes play important roles in shaping the biological communities of rivers. Processes at the site and landscape level can impact fish health and thus inform management decisions related across these scales. This thesis explores landscape change and biological responses in the Kennebecasis River watershed, in New Brunswick, Canada. I did this with a temporal and spatial assessment of change in land use, water quality, habitat and fish responses from 1993 - 2012. Correlation matrices and principal component analysis were useful for identifying the strongest associations between potential landscape stressors and biological response variables. Landscape-scale habitat variables from geographical information systems (GIS), land use, and site-scale water quality were correlated with the spatial variation in population health metrics of slimy sculpin. Land use, local riparian conditions, and reach scale water quality showed associations with fish abundance and health. These results can guide site location or regional watershed assessments based on gaps, selected metrics and monitoring variables."--Leaf ii.
Book Synopsis An Individual-based Model of Fish Habitat Selection for Network-scale Watershed Assessment by : Amy Catherine Marcinkevage Miller
Download or read book An Individual-based Model of Fish Habitat Selection for Network-scale Watershed Assessment written by Amy Catherine Marcinkevage Miller and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focuses on the development and use of a spatially-explicit individual-based model (IBM) in evaluating the long-term hydrologic effect of landscape change and management on aquatic communities. The model simulates the behavior of individual fish in their habitat selection process to analyze network dynamics in stream ecosystems in response to outside driving influences. The primary input to this model is streamflow and hydrologic connectivity related to watershed landscape characteristics.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Network Structure, Habitat Fragmentation, and Faunal Sources on Aquatic Communities in Headwater Streams by : Sean D. Sipple
Download or read book The Influence of Network Structure, Habitat Fragmentation, and Faunal Sources on Aquatic Communities in Headwater Streams written by Sean D. Sipple and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Headwater streams comprise the majority of the stream network, providing important ecological functions to the downstream network. Although we are beginning to understand how network structure may influence fish, our understanding of how it influences benthic macroinvertebrate dispersal and population connectivity is limited. We also know little about how these patterns and processes may be disrupted as a result of human-driven landscape change such as stream barriers to movement and creation of artificial habitats such as stormwater and farm ponds. In this study, I investigated the effect of stream network position, stream size, and local habitat on benthic macroinvertebrates, and determined to what degree road crossings and impoundments may be degrading benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in headwater streams. These mechanisms were explored using Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (MDNR) Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) benthic macroinvertebrate, fish, and environmental data from first-order streams in the Piedmont region of Maryland. Using an Information Theoretic Approach (ITA), models were developed based on the hypothesized relationships between benthic macroinvertebrate and fish community structure and several network and anthropogenic impact variables. Based on my results, aquatic community structure was dependent on local habitat conditions and stream network structure. Both assemblages responded negatively to roads, which may suggest an isolation effect. These results also suggest that impoundments are acting as sources for benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, including non-native species.
Book Synopsis Soil Survey of Sullivan County, New York by : Stefan T Seifried
Download or read book Soil Survey of Sullivan County, New York written by Stefan T Seifried and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sediment in Streams by : Thomas F. Waters
Download or read book Sediment in Streams written by Thomas F. Waters and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
