Stratigraphy A Modern Synthesis

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Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis

Author : Andrew D. Miall
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030875369
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis by : Andrew D. Miall

Download or read book Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis written by Andrew D. Miall and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-02 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated textbook is intended to serve as an advanced and detailed treatment of the evolution of the subject of stratigraphy from its disparate beginnings as separate studies of sedimentology, lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, etc., into a modern integrated discipline in which all components are necessary. There is a historical introduction, which now includes information about the timeline of the evolution of the components of modern stratigraphy. The elements of the various components (facies analysis, sequence stratigraphy, mapping methods, chronostratigraphic methods, etc.) are outlined, and a chapter discussing the modern synthesis is included near the end of the book, which closes with a discussion of future research trends in the study of time as preserved in the stratigraphic record.

Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis

Author : Andrew D. Miall
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319243047
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis by : Andrew D. Miall

Download or read book Stratigraphy: A Modern Synthesis written by Andrew D. Miall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive review of modern stratigraphic methods. The stratigraphic record is the major repository of information about the geological history of Earth, a record stretching back for nearly 4 billion years. Stratigraphic studies fill out our planet’s plate-tectonic history with the details of paleogeography, past climates, and the record of evolution, and stratigraphy is at the heart of the effort to find and exploit fossil fuel resources. Modern stratigraphic methods are now able to provide insights into past geological events and processes on time scales with unprecedented accuracy and precision, and have added much to our understanding of global tectonic and climatic processes. It has taken 200 years and a modern revolution to bring all the necessary developments together to create the modern, dynamic science that this book sets out to describe. Stratigraphy now consists of a suite of integrated concepts and methods, several of which have considerable predictive and interpretive power. The new, integrated, dynamic science that Stratigraphy has become is now inseparable from what were its component parts, including sedimentology, chronostratigraphy, and the broader aspects of basin analysis.

Himalayan Tectonics

Author : P.J. Treloar
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 1786204053
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (862 download)

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Book Synopsis Himalayan Tectonics by : P.J. Treloar

Download or read book Himalayan Tectonics written by P.J. Treloar and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Himalaya–Karakoram–Tibet mountain belt resulted from Cenozoic collision of India and Asia and is frequently used as the type example of a continental collision orogenic belt. The last quarter of a century has seen the publication of a remarkably detailed dataset relevant to the evolution of this belt. Detailed fieldwork backed up by state-of-the-art structural analysis, geochemistry, mineral chemistry, igneous and metamorphic petrology, isotope chemistry, sedimentology and geophysics produced a wide-ranging archive of data-rich scientific papers. The rationale for this book is to provide a coherent overview of these datasets in addressing the evolution of the mountain ranges we see today. This volume comprises 21 specially invited review papers on the Himalaya, Kohistan arc, Tibet, the Karakoram and Pamir ranges. These papers span the history of Himalayan research, chronology of the collision, stratigraphy, magmatic and metamorphic processes, structural geology and tectonics, seismicity, geophysics, and the evolution of the Indian monsoon. This landmark set of papers should underpin the next 25 years of Himalayan research.

Sedimentology

Author : Aiden Williams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781682867884
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (678 download)

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Book Synopsis Sedimentology by : Aiden Williams

Download or read book Sedimentology written by Aiden Williams and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of sedimentology is primarily concerned with the study of sediments and the processes that cause their formation. Sedimentary rocks can be divided into four primary classes, namely carbonates, chemical, clastics and evaporites. Human society has always benefited from the use of sedimentary rocks. They play a crucial role in art and architecture, deriving various building materials, procurement of various precious metals and minerals, and for the generation of energy. Studies in sedimentology involve investigations in sequence stratigraphy, isotope geochemistry, petrology, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of sedimentology. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies in this field have been included in this book. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.

Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record

Author : Peter Doyle
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471974633
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (719 download)

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Book Synopsis Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record by : Peter Doyle

Download or read book Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record written by Peter Doyle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-03-06 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratigraphy is the key to understanding the geological evolution of the earth. It provides the framework for our interpretation of the sequences of events which have shaped the earth throughout its 4600 million years of existence. It provides the timescale with which we can determine the relative order of these events, and it provides the means whereby we can calibrate this using absolute ages in years. Stratigraphy is therefore the most fundamental subject in the science of geology, and all geologists are practising stratigraphers. Traditionally, however, stratigraphy has been considered as a Victorian science, a ponderous process of the naming and cataloguing of innumerable geological units most of which are of limited interest outside of a given geographical region. This view has been challenged in recent years through the development of new techniques such as sequence stratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy which have greatly enhanced our capability to interpret earth history. In this book many of the leading practitioners of modern stratigraphy have been gathered together to provide up-to-date and authoritative reviews of most of the important advances in the subject. As such it is the only volume to provide a comprehensive treatment of modern stratigraphy at an advanced undergraduate level.

Application of Modern Stratigraphic Techniques

Author : Kenneth Ratcliffe
Publisher : SEPM Soc for Sed Geology
ISBN 13 : 1565761995
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (657 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of Modern Stratigraphic Techniques by : Kenneth Ratcliffe

Download or read book Application of Modern Stratigraphic Techniques written by Kenneth Ratcliffe and published by SEPM Soc for Sed Geology. This book was released on 2010 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written and debated about the various methodologies applied to modern stratigraphic analysis and the ever increasing complexity of terminologies. However, there exist numerous stratigraphic techniques that are reliant upon precise, quantitative, reproducible data, rather than qualitative interpretive stratigraphic methodologies. Such stratigraphic techniques are applied in an entirely pragmatic non-biased manner within the petroleum industry to provide enhanced stratigraphic understanding of petroleum systems. The petroleum industry is a key driver behind the development of new stratigraphic techniques and a major provider of new stratigraphic data, which has resulted in several of these new techniques having been developed as a requirement to the industry. Furthermore, because techniques, such as isotope chemostratigraphy, elemental chemostratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy, numerical biostratigraphy and heavy mineral stratigraphy are based around precise, quantified and reproducible analytical data, they provide an independent means to test the more interpretive stratigraphic methodologies. This volume attempts an overview of stratigraphic methodologies, but largely focuses on data-generative stratigraphic techniques such as chemostratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy, numerical biostratigraphy and heavy mineral stratigraphy. Where appropriate, each paper discusses data generation methods including sample preparation and analytical methods as well outlining data interpretation methods. This is followed by case histories that demonstrate how those data are used to resolve stratigraphic problems, commonly using material derived from petroleum basins around the World.

Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

Author : Gary Nichols
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119417279
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Sedimentology and Stratigraphy by : Gary Nichols

Download or read book Sedimentology and Stratigraphy written by Gary Nichols and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-29 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Umfassendes Lehrwerk über sämtliche Aspekte der Sedimentologie und der grundlegenden Stratigraphie Das Buch Sedimentology and Stratigraphy führt in die Thematik ein und gibt den Leserinnen und Lesern Werkzeuge zur Interpretation von Sedimenten und Sedimentgesteinen an die Hand. Dabei werden die Prozesse der Bildung, des Transports und der Ablagerung von Sedimenten behandelt und auf die Entwicklung konzeptioneller Modelle für sämtliche Sedimentumgebungen ? von Wüsten über die Tiefsee und Riffe bis zu Flüssen ? angewandt. Für einen umfassenden Überblick über sämtliche Aspekte der Sedimentologie und Stratigraphie werden außerdem verschiedene Ansätze zur Nutzung stratigraphischer Prinzipien bei der Datierung und Korrelierung von Schichten betrachtet. Die 3. Auflage wurde gründlich überarbeitet und aktualisiert. Dabei wurde die Kapitelgliederung so geändert, dass nun separate Abschnitte zur Geomorphologie und zur Stratigraphie für jede Sedimentumgebung vorhanden sind. Außerdem enthält die neue Ausgabe zusätzliche farbige Abbildungen. Die wesentlichen Konzepte, die in Sedimentology and Stratigraphy eingeführt werden, umfassen u.a.: * Die Bedeutung von Veränderungen in der Pflanzen- und Tierwelt im Zeitverlauf und die Auswirkungen auf die Charakteristik des Sedimentumfelds im Meer und an Land * Die Unterscheidung zwischen modernen Umgebungen und dem, was in den Sedimentabfolgen erhalten geblieben ist, mit einer Betrachtung glazialerosionaler und von Ablagerungen geprägter Landformen * Heutige Wüstenumgebungen und äolische Ablagerungen in der stratigraphischen Abfolge * Fluviale Prozesse mit Mustern von Neben- und Verteilerkanälen unterschiedlicher Größenordnung und in verschiedenen Umgebungen Das Werk Sedimentology and Stratigraphy wurde von einem kenntnisreichen Autor mit umfangreicher Erfahrung auf dem Fachgebiet verfasst. Es ist ein gut verständliches Lehrwerk für Studierende der Geologie und verwandter Fachgebiete, die sich Kenntnisse über die Bildung, Eigenschaften und Bedeutung von Sedimentgesteinen aneignen möchten.

Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy and Integrated Stratigraphy

Author : Gemma Aiello
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535136755
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy and Integrated Stratigraphy by : Gemma Aiello

Download or read book Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy and Integrated Stratigraphy written by Gemma Aiello and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains six chapters dealing with the investigation of seismic and sequence stratigraphy and integrated stratigraphy, including the stratigraphic unconformities, in different geological settings and using several techniques and methods, including the seismostratigraphic and the sequence stratigraphic analysis, the field geological survey, the well log stratigraphic interpretation, and the lithologic and paleobotanical data. Book chapters are separated into two main sections: (i) seismic and sequence stratigraphy and (ii) integrated stratigraphy. There are three chapters in the first section, including the application of sequence and seismic stratigraphy to the fine-grained shales, to the fluvial facies and depositional environments, and to the Late Miocene geological structures offshore of Taiwan. In the second section, there are three chapters dealing with the integrated stratigraphic investigation of Jurassic deposits of the southern Siberian platform, with the stratigraphic unconformities, reviewing the related geological concepts and studying examples from Middle-Upper Paleozoic successions; and, finally, with the integrated stratigraphy of the Cenozoic deposits of the Andean foreland basin (northwestern Argentina).

Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record

Author : Michael J. Benton
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119272866
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record by : Michael J. Benton

Download or read book Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record written by Michael J. Benton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of the science of the history of life. Paleobiologists bring many analytical tools to bear in interpreting the fossil record and the book introduces the latest techniques, from multivariate investigations of biogeography and biostratigraphy to engineering analysis of dinosaur skulls, and from homeobox genes to cladistics. All the well-known fossil groups are included, including microfossils and invertebrates, but an important feature is the thorough coverage of plants, vertebrates and trace fossils together with discussion of the origins of both life and the metazoans. All key related subjects are introduced, such as systematics, ecology, evolution and development, stratigraphy and their roles in understanding where life came from and how it evolved and diversified. Unique features of the book are the numerous case studies from current research that lead students to the primary literature, analytical and mathematical explanations and tools, together with associated problem sets and practical schedules for instructors and students. New to this edition The text and figures have been updated throughout to reflect current opinion on all aspects New case studies illustrate the chapters, drawn from a broad distribution internationally Chapters on Macroevolution, Form and Function, Mass extinctions, Origin of Life, and Origin of Metazoans have been entirely rewritten to reflect substantial advances in these topics There is a new focus on careers in paleobiology

Sedimentary Petrology

Author : Maurice E. Tucker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118786483
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Sedimentary Petrology by : Maurice E. Tucker

Download or read book Sedimentary Petrology written by Maurice E. Tucker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-07 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative, accessible, and updated introduction to sedimentary rocks for undergraduate students Sedimentary Petrology provides readers with a concise account of sedimentary rock composition, mineralogy, texture, structure, diagenesis, and depositional environments. The new edition of this classic text incorporates the many technological and analytical advances of the last decade, revealing exciting details of processes such as microbial precipitation, how microporosity is created within mudrocks, and the chemical composition of foraminifera deposits, which can be a key indicator for changing seawater temperature. This fourth edition offers a comprehensive update and expansion of the previous editions with a new set of illustrations, new references, and further reading. The new co-author Stuart Jones has brought his considerable expertise in clastic sedimentology to the rewritten chapters on sandstones and mudrocks. The addition of color images throughout the text will aid students immensely in their studies and petrographic fieldwork. Sample topics covered in Sedimentary Petrology include: Advances in modeling and programming to simulate depositional-diagenetic conditions and controls which support field-lab descriptions and interpretations Ocean acidification and the demise of coral reefs, and the role of the oceans in carbon capture and storage Sedimentary ironstones and iron-formations, sedimentary phosphate deposits, coal, oil shale and petroleum, and cherts and siliceous sediments Limestones, evaporites, volcaniclastic sediments, sandstones, conglomerates, breccias, and the effects of microplastics on marine organisms Aimed at undergraduates in geology and earth science, Sedimentary Petrology is an excellent teaching and learning resource for introductory courses in sedimentary rocks.

Geologic Time Scale 2020

Author : Felix M. Gradstein
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128243619
Total Pages : 1393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Geologic Time Scale 2020 by : Felix M. Gradstein

Download or read book Geologic Time Scale 2020 written by Felix M. Gradstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic Time Scale 2020 (2 volume set) contains contributions from 80+ leading scientists who present syntheses in an easy-to-understand format that includes numerous color charts, maps and photographs. In addition to detailed overviews of chronostratigraphy, evolution, geochemistry, sequence stratigraphy and planetary geology, the GTS2020 volumes have separate chapters on each geologic period with compilations of the history of divisions, the current GSSPs (global boundary stratotypes), detailed bio-geochem-sequence correlation charts, and derivation of the age models. The authors are on the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives surrounding the creation of an international geologic time scale. The included charts display the most up-to-date, international standard as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. As the framework for deciphering the history of our planet Earth, this book is essential for practicing Earth Scientists and academics. • Completely updated geologic time scale • Provides the most detailed integrated geologic time scale available that compiles and synthesize information in one reference • Gives insights on the construction, strengths and limitations of the geological time scale that greatly enhances its function and its utility

Encyclopedia of Geology

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0081029098
Total Pages : 5634 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Geology by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 5634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Edition presents in six volumes state-of-the-art reviews on the various aspects of geologic research, all of which have moved on considerably since the writing of the first edition. New areas of discussion include extinctions, origins of life, plate tectonics and its influence on faunal provinces, new types of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, new methods of dating rocks, and geological processes. Users will find this to be a fundamental resource for teachers and students of geology, as well as researchers and non-geology professionals seeking up-to-date reviews of geologic research. Provides a comprehensive and accessible one-stop shop for information on the subject of geology, explaining methodologies and technical jargon used in the field Highlights connections between geology and other physical and biological sciences, tackling research problems that span multiple fields Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years Presents an ideal reference for a wide range of scientists in earth and environmental areas of study

The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada

Author : Andrew Miall
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444638962
Total Pages : 823 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada by : Andrew Miall

Download or read book The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada written by Andrew Miall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-04-20 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada, Second Edition, focuses on the large, regional, sedimentary accumulations in Canada and the United States. Each chapter provides a succinct summary of the tectonic setting and structural and paleogeographic evolution of the basin it covers, with details on structure and stratigraphy. The book features four new chapters that cover the sedimentary basins of Alaska and the Canadian Arctic. In addition to sedimentary geologists, this updated reference is relevant for basin analysis, regional geology, stratigraphy, and for those working in the hydrocarbon exploration industry. Features updates to existing chapters, along with new chapters on sedimentary basins in Alaska and Arctic Canada Includes nearly 300 detailed, full-color paleogeographic maps Written for general geological audiences and individuals working in the resources sector, particularly those in the fossil fuel industry

Sediment Routing Systems

Author : Philip A. Allen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107091993
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Sediment Routing Systems by : Philip A. Allen

Download or read book Sediment Routing Systems written by Philip A. Allen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cutting-edge summary combines ideas from several sub-disciplines to provide an understanding of sediment routing systems and Earth surface dynamics.

Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128130784
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy by :

Download or read book Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy, Volume Two covers current research across a wide range of stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. Chapters in this volume include Sequence Stratigraphy – Oman, Sequence Stratigraphy and diagenesis, Sequence Stratigraphy of Siliciclastic Systems, Upper Devonian Biostratigraphy, Event Stratigraphy and Late Fransian Kellwasser Extinction Bio-events in the Iowa Basin: Western Euramerica, Sea-level change and Sequence Stratigraphy, Sequence Stratigraphy: A Material-based Approach Versus A Time-Based Approach, and Anisian-Ladinian marker horizon: Implications for sequence stratigraphy and intra-tethyan correlation. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, palaeoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more

Applied Stratigraphy

Author : Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140202763X
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Stratigraphy by : Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos

Download or read book Applied Stratigraphy written by Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-04 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratigraphy has come to be indispensable to nearly all branches of the earth sciences, assisting such endeavors as charting the course of evolution, understanding ancient ecosystems, and furnishing data pivotal to finding strategic mineral resources. This book focuses on traditional and innovative stratigraphy techniques and how these can be used to reconstruct the geological history of sedimentary basins and in solving manifold geological problems and phenomena.

Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils

Author : Michael J. O'Brien
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 030647168X
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils by : Michael J. O'Brien

Download or read book Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils written by Michael J. O'Brien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is difficult for today's students of archaeology to imagine an era when chronometric dating methods were unavailable. However, even a casual perusal of the large body of literature that arose during the first half of the twentieth century reveals a battery of clever methods used to determine the relative ages of archaeological phenomena, often with considerable precision. Stratigraphic excavation is perhaps the best known of the various relative-dating methods used by prehistorians. Although there are several techniques of using artifacts from superposed strata to measure time, these are rarely if ever differentiated. Rather, common practice is to categorize them under the heading `stratigraphic excavation'. This text distinguishes among the several techniques and argues that stratigraphic excavation tends to result in discontinuous measures of time - a point little appreciated by modern archaeologists. Although not as well known as stratigraphic excavation, two other methods of relative dating have figured important in Americanist archaeology: seriation and the use of index fossils. The latter (like stratigraphic excavation) measures time discontinuously, while the former - in various guises - measures time continuously. Perhaps no other method used in archaeology is as misunderstood as seriation, and the authors provide detailed descriptions and examples of each of its three different techniques. Each method and technique of relative dating is placed in historical perspective, with particular focus on developments in North America, an approach that allows a more complete understanding of the methods described, both in terms of analytical technique and disciplinary history. This text will appeal to all archaeologists, from graduate students to seasoned professionals, who want to learn more about the backbone of archaeological dating.