Stigmatized: Breaking the Silence and Demystifying Mental Illness

Download Stigmatized: Breaking the Silence and Demystifying Mental Illness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stigmatized: Breaking the Silence and Demystifying Mental Illness by : Petrona Joseph

Download or read book Stigmatized: Breaking the Silence and Demystifying Mental Illness written by Petrona Joseph and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-03 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is it so hard for me to stay in one place? Why don't I feel like the "Strong Black Woman" as perceived by friends and family? Who and what have I been running from my whole life? My planned suicide 10 years ago was a cry to God. And when a friend of mine joked about me being 'bipolar', I brushed it off. Years later, while suspended on a 30,000 feet bridge and had the worst panic attack of my life, I was forced to face my mental illness. I will probably always live with suicidal tendencies, but now I understand how to ride the waves of my depressive episodes. I know that hope and despair come and go in waves and my job is to make my way back to the shorelines of hope. Mental illness is stigmatized globally, but it does not discriminate. Even as you read this, somewhere in the world another person has just departed by suicide. Let's break the cycle. Sharing my story is one way that I can contribute to breaking the cycle of stigmatization, shame, fear, and guilt that compounds our efforts to heal our mental health. This book exposes the tremendous power of hope and healing and is told to offer new hope to others who are coping every day with mental illness.

Mental Health Stigma

Download Mental Health Stigma PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781778903182
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mental Health Stigma by : Olivia Talyor

Download or read book Mental Health Stigma written by Olivia Talyor and published by . This book was released on 2024-07-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental Health Stigma: Breaking the Silence is an eye-opening exploration of the historical, social, and institutional factors that perpetuate mental health stigma, as well as its devastating effects on individuals and society. The book provides strategies for reducing stigma through public health approaches, education, promoting empathy, and policy changes. With a focus on the future of stigma reduction, including emerging technologies and global perspectives, this compelling book highlights the importance of breaking the silence around mental health stigma and offers hope for a more inclusive and empathetic future.

The Mark of Shame

Download The Mark of Shame PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190294760
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mark of Shame by : Stephen P. Hinshaw

Download or read book The Mark of Shame written by Stephen P. Hinshaw and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-12-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people and their families are affected by mental illness; it causes untold pain and severely impairs their ability to function in the world. In recent years, we have begun to understand and develop a range of effective treatments for mental illness. Even with this shift from moralistic views to those emphasizing the biological and genetic origins of mental illness, punitive treatment and outright rejection remain strong. Public attitudes toward mental illness are still more negative than they were half a century ago, and the majority of those afflicted either do not receive or cannot afford adequate care. As a result of all of these troubling facts, applying the term "stigma" to mental illness is particularly appropriate because stigma conveys the mark of shame borne by those in any highly devalued group. Mental illness tops the list of stigmatized conditions in current society, generating the kinds of stereotypes, fear, and rejection that are reminiscent of longstanding attitudes toward leprosy. Mental disorders threaten stability and order, and media coverage exacerbates this situation by equating mental illness with violence. As a result, stigma is rampant, spurring family silence, discriminatory laws, and social isolation. The pain of mental illness is searing enough, but adding the layer of stigma affects personal well being, economic productivity, and public health, fueling a vicious cycle of lowered expectations, deep shame, and hopelessness. In this groundbreaking book, Stephen Hinshaw examines the longstanding tendency to stigmatize those with mental illness. He also provides practical strategies for overcoming this serious problem, including enlightened social policies that encourage, rather than discourage, contact with those afflicted, media coverage emphasizing their underlying humanity, family education, and responsive treatment. The Mark of Shame is a deeply inspiring and passionate work that is realistic and filled with hope. It combines personal accounts with information from social and evolutionary psychology, sociology, and public policy to provide messages that are essential for anyone afflicted or familiar with mental illness.

Stigma and Mental Illness

Download Stigma and Mental Illness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 9780880484053
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stigma and Mental Illness by : Paul Jay Fink

Download or read book Stigma and Mental Illness written by Paul Jay Fink and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 1992 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of writings on how society has stigmatized mentally ill persons, their families, and their caregivers. First-hand accounts poignantly portray what it is like to be the victim of stigma and mental illness. Stigma and Mental Illness also presents historical, societal, and institutional viewpoints that underscore the devastating effects of stigma.

The Price of Silence

Download The Price of Silence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0147516404
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (475 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Price of Silence by : Liza Long

Download or read book The Price of Silence written by Liza Long and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liza Long, the author of “I Am Adam Lanza’s Mother"—as seen in the documentaries American Tragedy and HBO®'s A Dangerous Son—speaks out about mental illness. Like most of the nation, Liza Long spent December 14, 2012, mourning the victims of the Newtown shooting. As the mother of a child with a mental illness, however, she also wondered: “What if my son does that someday?” The emotional response she posted on her blog went viral, putting Long at the center of a passionate controversy. Now, she takes the next step. Powerful and shocking, The Price of Silence looks at how society stigmatizes mental illness—including in children—and the devastating societal cost. In the wake of repeated acts of mass violence, Long points the way forward.

Breaking the Silence

Download Breaking the Silence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Breaking the Silence by : Rethink

Download or read book Breaking the Silence written by Rethink and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mental Health Stigma

Download Mental Health Stigma PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781794434530
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (345 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mental Health Stigma by : Patricia Carlisle

Download or read book Mental Health Stigma written by Patricia Carlisle and published by . This book was released on 2019-01-19 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MENTAL HEALTH STIGMA: How to Overcome Mental Health Stigma in America Today only, get this Amazon book for just $2.99. Regularly pricedat $4.99. Read on your PC, Mac, smart phone, tablet or Kindle device.You're about to discover how to overcome mental health stigma in America.There are a good number of people in the world today that view mental illness side effects as debilitating and uncomfortable, and these disposition most of the time foster stigmas and discrimination toward individuals with mental health issues. When you admit you have a mental health issue, it can lead to different types of exclusion or discrimination, either inside social circles or inside of the working environment. This is way most individuals with mental health issues will not seek help for their mental illness.Mental health stigma take away from the individual character and makes negative generalization. Most of the time it is because of the lack of education or false information, tragically; the individual with the mental illness suffers. Here Is A Preview Of What You'll Learn... Discrimination Impact of Stigmas How to Manage Stigma in America Mental Illness Statics Treatment for Mental Illness Refining Corporation Meetings General Strategies li> Much, much more! Download your copy today!Take action today and download this book for a limited time discount of only$2.99!

Transforming Stigma Workbook

Download Transforming Stigma Workbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781692979171
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (791 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transforming Stigma Workbook by : Mike Veny

Download or read book Transforming Stigma Workbook written by Mike Veny and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-13 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you or a loved one struggling with mental health challenges? Do you feel like you are silently suffering in silence due to shame about your situation? Are you at a loss trying to figure out what to do or how to get help? Do you feel like this is getting in the way of your happiness and success? It's time for you to begin Transforming Stigma. In his revolutionary book, Transforming Stigma: How to Become a Mental Wellness Superhero, Mike Veny provides a simple solution to improve the lives of people struggling with mental health challenges. The agony of a lifetime battling his own mental health challenges led Mike to the realization that one of the most difficult obstacles in overcoming a mental health challenge is the Stigma Cycle. The Stigma Cycle starts with shame; shame leads to silence; silence leads to sabotage, self-destructive behavior, social injustice, and suicide. It is a never-ending cycle that is experienced by people who struggle, and people who love someone who struggles, with mental health challenges. It is experienced by people living with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and many other disorders. Mike's personal experience with the debilitating and vicious Stigma Cycle helped him learn how to transform stigma in his own life. This workbook allows you to go further into your journey of overcoming the Stigma Cycle. While it can be used alone, it's best when paired with Transforming Stigma: How to Become a Mental Wellness Superhero. Perfect to use in both group settings or individually, this workbook walks you through real-life scenarios and questions to help you gain a deeper understanding of how the stigma works and ways that you can transform it in your own life as well as help others. After using the Transforming Stigma Workbook, you will: Understand The Stigma Cycle Learn how to replace shame through self-care Learn how to use conversation to transform silence Learn to transform sabotage, social injustice, self-destructive behavior, and suicide through connecting with others Learn innovative ideas for suicide prevention and mental health recovery This book is a useful resource for anyone interested in learning more about: Mental illness Children's mental health Adolescent mental health At-risk-youth Psychiatry Psychology Social work This book is for you if mental health advocacy and mental wellness are important to you. It will give you a unique perspective of what it feels like to live with mental health challenges. It will also define what stigma is in a way that makes it easy to understand. And you will walk away with practical tools that you can apply immediately. Use this workbook to start Transforming Stigma in your life today!

EBOOK: A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness

Download EBOOK: A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0335262775
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis EBOOK: A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness by : Anne Rogers

Download or read book EBOOK: A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness written by Anne Rogers and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we understand mental health problems in their social context? A former BMA Medical Book of the Year award winner, this book provides a sociological analysis of major areas of mental health and illness. The book considers contemporary and historical aspects of sociology, social psychiatry, policy and therapeutic law to help students develop an in-depth and critical approach to this complex subject.New developments for the fifth edition include: Brand new chapter on prisons, criminal justice and mental health Expanded coverage of stigma, class and social networks Updated material on the Mental Capacity Act, Mental Health Act and the Deprivation of Liberty A classic in its field, this well established textbook offers a rich and well-crafted overview of mental health and illness unrivalled by competitors and is essential reading for students and professionals studying a range of medical sociology and health-related courses. It is also highly suitable for trainee mental health workers in the fields of social work, nursing, clinical psychology and psychiatry. "Rogers and Pilgrim go from strength to strength! This fifth edition of their classic text is not only a sociology but also a psychology, a philosophy, a history and a polity. It combines rigorous scholarship with radical argument to produce incisive perspectives on the major contemporary questions concerning mental health and illness. The authors admirably balance judicious presentation of the range of available understandings with clear articulation of their own positions on key issues. This book is essential reading for everyone involved in mental health work." Christopher Dowrick, Professor of Primary Medical Care, University of Liverpool, UK "Pilgrim and Rogers have for the last twenty years given us the key text in the sociology of mental health and illness. Each edition has captured the multi-layered and ever changing landscape of theory and practice around psychiatry and mental health, providing an essential tool for teachers and researchers, and much loved by students for the dexterity in combining scope and accessibility. This latest volume, with its focus on community mental health, user movements criminal justice and the need for inter-agency working, alongside the more classical sociological critiques around social theories and social inequalities, demonstrates more than ever that sociological perspectives are crucial in the understanding and explanation of mental and emotional healthcare and practice, hence its audience extends across the related disciplines to everyone who is involved in this highly controversial and socially relevant arena." Gillian Bendelow, School of Law Politics and Sociology, University of Sussex, UK "From the classic bedrock studies to contemporary sociological perspectives on the current controversy over which scientific organizations will define diagnosis, Rogers and Pilgrim provide a comprehensive, readable and elegant overview of how social factors shape the onset and response to mental health and mental illness. Their sociological vision embraces historical, professional and socio-cultural context and processes as they shape the lives of those in the community and those who provide care; the organizations mandated to deliver services and those that have ended up becoming unsuitable substitutes; and the successful and unsuccessful efforts to improve the lives through science, challenge and law." Bernice Pescosolido, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, Indiana University, USA

The Stigma of Mental Illness - End of the Story?

Download The Stigma of Mental Illness - End of the Story? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319278398
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Stigma of Mental Illness - End of the Story? by : Wolfgang Gaebel

Download or read book The Stigma of Mental Illness - End of the Story? written by Wolfgang Gaebel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes a highly innovative contribution to overcoming the stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness – still the heaviest burden both for those afflicted and those caring for them. The scene is set by the presentation of different fundamental perspectives on the problem of stigma and discrimination by researchers, consumers, families, and human rights experts. Current knowledge and practice used in reducing stigma are then described, with information on the programmes adopted across the world and their utility, feasibility, and effectiveness. The core of the volume comprises descriptions of new approaches and innovative programmes specifically designed to overcome stigma and discrimination. In the closing part of the book, the editors – all respected experts in the field – summarize some of the most important evidence- and experience-based recommendations for future action to successfully rewrite the long and burdensome ‘story’ of mental illness stigma and discrimination.

Psychiatric Tales

Download Psychiatric Tales PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1608192784
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Psychiatric Tales by : Darryl Cunningham

Download or read book Psychiatric Tales written by Darryl Cunningham and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2011-02-19 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents in graphic novel format first-person perspectives on the experiences of mental illness, portraying the myths, stigmas, and dynamics of a range of psychiatric conditions.

Mind Body and Sport

Download Mind Body and Sport PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781495131752
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (317 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mind Body and Sport by : NCAA

Download or read book Mind Body and Sport written by NCAA and published by . This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Reactive

Download The Reactive PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin Random House South Africa
ISBN 13 : 1415206120
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (152 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Reactive by : Masande Ntshanga

Download or read book The Reactive written by Masande Ntshanga and published by Penguin Random House South Africa. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a city that has lost its shimmer, Lindanathi and his two friends Ruan and Cecelia sell illegal pharmaceuticals while chasing their next high. Lindanathi, deeply troubled by his hand in his brother’s death, has turned his back on his family, until a message from home reminds him of a promise he made years before. When a puzzling masked man enters their lives, Lindanathi is faced with a decision: continue his life in Cape Town, or return to his family and to all he has left behind. Rendered in lyrical, bright prose and set in a not-so-new South Africa, The Reactive is a poignant, life-affirming story about secrets, memory, chemical abuse and family, and the redemption that comes from facing what haunts us most.

Prejudice, Stigma, Privilege, and Oppression

Download Prejudice, Stigma, Privilege, and Oppression PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030355179
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Prejudice, Stigma, Privilege, and Oppression by : Lorraine T. Benuto

Download or read book Prejudice, Stigma, Privilege, and Oppression written by Lorraine T. Benuto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-11 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the ways in which clinical psychologists ought to conceptualize and respond to the prejudice and oppression that their clients experience. Thus, the link between prejudice and oppression to psychopathology is explored. Basic scientific information about prejudice is reviewed, and the current status of the major minority groups is explored. Chapters examine the role of prejudice and oppression in institutional structures such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and professional organizations. The discussion addresses ways to assess these phenomena in individual cases and how to intervene in psychotherapy. The book ventures to evaluate the status of the profession of psychology with respect to prejudice, stigmatization, and oppression by critically examining evidence that the profession has responded adequately to these social problems. These issues are hard to talk about and are not well talked about in the field. This book is a push in the right direction.

Outside Mental Health

Download Outside Mental Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Madness Radio
ISBN 13 : 9780996514309
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (143 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Outside Mental Health by : Will Hall

Download or read book Outside Mental Health written by Will Hall and published by Madness Radio. This book was released on 1966-02-03 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outside Mental Health: Voices and Visions of Madness reveals the human side of mental illness. In this remarkable collection of interviews and essays, therapist, Madness Radio host, and schizophrenia survivor Will Hall asks, "What does it mean to be called crazy in a crazy world?" More than 60 voices of psychiatric patients, scientists, journalists, doctors, activists, and artists create a vital new conversation about empowering the human spirit by transforming society. "Bold, fearless, and compellingly readable... a refuge and an oasis from the overblown claims of American psychiatry" - Christopher Lane, author of Shyness: How Normal Behavior Became an Illness "A terrific conversation partner." - Joshua Wolf Shenk, author of Lincoln's Melancholy: How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled His Greatness "Brilliant...wonderfully grand and big-hearted." - Robert Whitaker, author of Anatomy of an Epidemic: Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs, and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America "Must-read for anyone interested in creating a more just and compassionate world." - Alison Hillman, Open Society Foundation Human Rights Initiative "An intelligent, thought-provoking, and rare concept. These are voices worth listening to." - Mary O'Hara, The Guardian "A new, helpful, liberating-and dare I say, sane-way of re-envisioning our ideas of mental illness." Paul Levy, Director of the Padmasambhava Buddhist Center, Portland, Oregon "A fantastic resource for those who are seeking change." Dr. Pat Bracken MD, psychiatrist and Clinical Director of Mental Health Service, West Cork, Ireland

Empathy in Patient Care

Download Empathy in Patient Care PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387336087
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Empathy in Patient Care by : Mohammadreza Hojat

Download or read book Empathy in Patient Care written by Mohammadreza Hojat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings, regardless of age, sex, or state of health, are designed by evolution to form meaningful interpersonal relationships through verbal and nonverbal communication. The theme that empathic human connections are beneficial to the body and mind underlies all 12 chapters of this book, in which empathy is viewed from a multidisciplinary perspective that includes evolutionary biology; neuropsychology; clinical, social, developmental, and educational psychology; and health care delivery and education.

Radical Feminist Therapy

Download Radical Feminist Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452253528
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Feminist Therapy by : Bonnie Burstow

Download or read book Radical Feminist Therapy written by Bonnie Burstow and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1992-10-08 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an interesting book. It may be useful for those who have not followed the debate on the experience of women in psychiatric services. It provides useful information on ways of working with more disturbed women. These are women whom psychiatric services often avoid or at least with whom they do little constructive work. The emphasis on offering therapy to these women instead of a bed in an institution was refreshing. --Andrea Bennett in Clinical Psychology Forum How can counselors and clinicians help empower women in a sexist, racist, and homophobic society? How can they help women reclaim their bodies? Or repair their violated bond with womenkind? Taking feminist therapy one step further, this enlightening volume focuses on a central problem in our society--violence against women--and explores practical, feminist ways of working with women′s responses to it: depression, cutting, splitting, troubled eating, and protest. Radical Feminist Therapy explores issues that are usually either omitted or pathologized in generalist feminist counseling texts such as women battered by their pimps, women who self-mutilate, and psychiatrized women. Other topics covered are working with lesbians; American Indian, African American, Jewish, and immigrant women; women with disabilities; working with heterosexual couples; sexual violation by therapists; and working with suicidal clients. A list of recommended readings follows each chapter. Radical Feminist Therapy addresses the needs of both students and practitioners in the areas of psychology, counseling, social work, and women′s studies who desire a comprehensive, enlightening text they will refer to again and again. "Burstow′s book should prove very useful as a resource for practitioners in a wide variety of areas dealing with violence against women. . . . The first part of the book presents the theoretical foundations; the remaining 12 chapters integrate theory and practice. Written from a well-articulated radical feminist position, the text is grounded in structuralist theory that situates problems in living within the systematic oppressions of classism, sexism, and racism. Respect for women and for their right to make their own decisions in therapy permeates the text." --Choice "This book fills a gap in the literature addressed by no other publication I have seen. There are numerous theoretical books on feminist counseling or therapy. But I have seen nothing which moves from theory to clear, practical suggestions on what to do and how to do it when working with women on different problems. Bonnie begins by presenting a clear feminist framework in which she sees violence against women in our society as the central problem in all women′s lives. She explains how this core issue plays itself out in different areas of women′s lives and how it is central to the personal problems women struggle with. She then goes on to give practical, concrete suggestions about how to actually work with women in therapy. She warns readers of common pitfalls and how to avoid them. It is an extremely cohesive and useful piece of work." --Linda Advokaat, Feminist Counselor, Sessional Instructor, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada "As a presentation of theory translated into casework, this is the best I have seen in its field--a deft integration of politics and philosophy, made relevant and workable in the chosen context." --Counselling