Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology

Download Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030553590
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology by : Nagwa El-Badri

Download or read book Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology written by Nagwa El-Badri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook covers the basic aspects of stem cell research and applications in regenerative medicine. Each chapter includes a didactic component and a practical section. The book offers readers insights into: How to identify the basic concepts of stem cell biology and the molecular regulation of pluripotency and stem cell development. How to produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the basics of transfection. The biology of adult stem cells, with particular emphasis on mesenchymal stromal cells and hematopoietic stem cells, and the basic mechanisms that regulate them. How cancer stem cells arise and metastasize, and their properties. How to develop the skills needed to isolate, differentiate and characterize adult stem The clinical significance of stem cell research and the potential problems that need to be overcome. Evaluating the use of stem cells for tissue engineering and therapies (the amniotic membrane) The applications of bio-nanotechnology in stem cell research. How epigenetic mechanisms, including various DNA modifications and histone dynamics, are involved in regulating the potentiality and differentiation of stem cells. The scientific methods, ethical considerations and implications of stem cell research.

Essentials of Stem Cell Biology

Download Essentials of Stem Cell Biology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080884970
Total Pages : 681 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essentials of Stem Cell Biology by : Robert Lanza

Download or read book Essentials of Stem Cell Biology written by Robert Lanza and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-06-05 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First developed as an accessible abridgement of the successful Handbook of Stem Cells, Essentials of Stem Cell Biology serves the needs of the evolving population of scientists, researchers, practitioners and students that are embracing the latest advances in stem cells. Representing the combined effort of seven editors and more than 200 scholars and scientists whose pioneering work has defined our understanding of stem cells, this book combines the prerequisites for a general understanding of adult and embryonic stem cells with a presentation by the world's experts of the latest research information about specific organ systems. From basic biology/mechanisms, early development, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, methods to application of stem cells to specific human diseases, regulation and ethics, and patient perspectives, no topic in the field of stem cells is left uncovered. Selected for inclusion in Doody's Core Titles 2013, an essential collection development tool for health sciences libraries Contributions by Nobel Laureates and leading international investigators Includes two entirely new chapters devoted exclusively to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells written by the scientists who made the breakthrough Edited by a world-renowned author and researcher to present a complete story of stem cells in research, in application, and as the subject of political debate Presented in full color with glossary, highlighted terms, and bibliographic entries replacing references

Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine

Download Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309170427
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-01-25 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scientific breakthroughs, celebrity patient advocates, and conflicting religious beliefs have come together to bring the state of stem cell researchâ€"specifically embryonic stem cell researchâ€"into the political crosshairs. President Bush's watershed policy statement allows federal funding for embryonic stem cell research but only on a limited number of stem cell lines. Millions of Americans could be affected by the continuing political debate among policymakers and the public. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine provides a deeper exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. In terms accessible to lay readers, the book summarizes what we know about adult and embryonic stem cells and discusses how to go about the transition from mouse studies to research that has therapeutic implications for people. Perhaps most important, Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine also provides an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells. This timely book compares the impact of public and private research funding and discusses approaches to appropriate research oversight. Based on the insights of leading scientists, ethicists, and other authorities, the book offers authoritative recommendations regarding the use of existing stem cell lines versus new lines in research, the important role of the federal government in this field of research, and other fundamental issues.

Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine

Download Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1607618605
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine by : Krishnarao Appasani

Download or read book Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine written by Krishnarao Appasani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defined as, “The science about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage,” embryology has been a mainstay at universities throughout the world for many years. Throughout the last century, embryology became overshadowed by experimental-based genetics and cell biology, transforming the field into developmental biology, which replaced embryology in Biology departments in many universities. Major contributions in this young century in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry and genomics were integrated with both embryology and developmental biology to provide an understanding of the molecular portrait of a “development cell.” That new integrated approach is known as stem-cell biology; it is an understanding of the embryology and development together at the molecular level using engineering, imaging and cell culture principles, and it is at the heart of this seminal book. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: From Molecular Embryology to Tissue Engineering is completely devoted to the basic developmental, cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It focuses on the basic biology of embryonic and cancer cells plus their key involvement in self-renewal, muscle repair, epigenetic processes, and therapeutic applications. In addition, it covers other key relevant topics such as nuclear reprogramming induced pluripotency and stem cell culture techniques using novel biomaterials. A thorough introduction to stem-cell biology, this reference is aimed at graduate students, post-docs, and professors as well as executives and scientists in biotech and pharmaceutical companies.

Foundations of Regenerative Biology and Medicine

Download Foundations of Regenerative Biology and Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Institute of Physics Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780750319454
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Foundations of Regenerative Biology and Medicine by : David L. Stocum

Download or read book Foundations of Regenerative Biology and Medicine written by David L. Stocum and published by Institute of Physics Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regenerative biology and medicine is a rapidly developing field that can revolutionize medicine. This book introduces the essentials of regenerative biology and medicine to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students, as well as students and professionals outside the field who need (and want) an introduction to the subject.

Stem Cells

Download Stem Cells PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124115675
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cells by : Christine L. Mummery

Download or read book Stem Cells written by Christine L. Mummery and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Stem Cells: Scientific Facts and Fiction provides the non-stem cell expert with an understandable review of the history, current state of affairs, and facts and fiction of the promises of stem cells. Building on success of its award-winning preceding edition, the second edition features new chapters on embryonic and iPS cells and stem cells in veterinary science and medicine. It contains major revisions on cancer stem cells to include new culture models, additional interviews with leaders in progenitor cells, engineered eye tissue, and xeno organs from stem cells, as well as new information on "organs on chips" and adult progenitor cells. In the past decades our understanding of stem cell biology has increased tremendously. Many types of stem cells have been discovered in tissues that everyone presumed were unable to regenerate in adults, the heart and the brain in particular. There is vast interest in stem cells from biologists and clinicians who see the potential for regenerative medicine and future treatments for chronic diseases like Parkinson's, diabetes, and spinal cord lesions, based on the use of stem cells; and from entrepreneurs in biotechnology who expect new commercial applications ranging from drug discovery to transplantation therapies. Explains in straightforward, non-specialist language the basic biology of stem cells and their applications in modern medicine and future therapy Includes extensive coverage of adult and embryonic stem cells both historically and in contemporary practice Richly illustrated to assist in understanding how research is done and the current hurdles to clinical practice

Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology

Download Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146145493X
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology by : Stephen Tsang

Download or read book Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology written by Stephen Tsang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patient specific and disease specific stem cell lines have already introduced groundbreaking advances into the research and practice of ophthalmology. This volume provides a comprehensive and engaging overview of the latest innovations in the field. Twelve chapters discuss the fastest growing areas in ophthalmological stem cell research, from disease modelling, drug screening and gene targeting to clinical genetics and regenerative treatments. Innovative results from stem cell research of the past decade are pointing the way toward practicable treatments for retinitis pigmentosa, age related macular degeneration, and Stargardt disease. What future directions will stem cell research take? Researchers, graduate students, and fellows alike will find food for thought in this insightful guide tapping into the collective knowledge of leaders in the field. Stem Cells in Ophthalmology is part of the Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine series dedicated to discussing current challenges and future directions in stem cell research.

Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation

Download Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401772738
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation by : Robert Chunhua Zhao

Download or read book Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation written by Robert Chunhua Zhao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-14 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive review of the properties of various stem cell types, the mechanisms of their behaviors and their potential clinical application. Stem cells have a great capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. They represent new paradigms for disease treatment in the field of regenerative medicine since the day they were discovered. As stem cell research is complicated and making progress rapidly, it is important to have expertise in this field to share their views and perspectives. This book provides a wonderful platform for those who are interested in stem cells to learn from and communicate with experts. Particularly, it highlights the roles of stem cell based therapy for a variety of diseases. Furthermore, this book gives a detailed introduction to the great works related to stem cells in China. The readers could gain a profound knowledge of the state-of-art research done by scientists in the field of stem cells. Overall, this book will be a valuable reference resource for both experienced investigators pursuing stem cell research as well as those are just entering into this field. Dr. Robert Chunhua Zhao, a Cheung Kong Professor of Stem Cell Biology, is Professor of Cell Biology at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China. He is Director of the Center for Tissue Engineering, PUMC and Chief Scientist of the National Basic Research Program of China (“973 Program”). He also serves as Regional Editor of Stem Cells and Development.

Regenerative Medicine

Download Regenerative Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048190754
Total Pages : 1031 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Regenerative Medicine by : Gustav Steinhoff

Download or read book Regenerative Medicine written by Gustav Steinhoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-04 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regenerative Medicine is a fastly emerging interdisciplinary field of research and clinical therapies on the repair, replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues or organs in congenital or acquired disease. This new field of research and clinical development focussing on stem cell science and regenerative biology is just starting to be the most fascinating and controversial medical development at the dawn of the 21st century. Viewing the great expectations to restructure and regenerate tissue, organs or organisms the current attempts of scientist and physicians are still in an early phase of development. This new textbook on “Regenerative Medicine – from protocol to patient” is aiming to explain the scientific knowledge and emerging technology as well as the clinical application in different organ systems and diseases. The international leading experts from four continents describe the latest scientific and clinical knowledge of the field of “Regenerative Medicine”. The process of translating science of laboratory protocols into therapies is explained in sections on basic science, clinical translation, regulatory, ethical and industrial issues. The textbook is aiming to give the student, the researcher, the health care professional, the physician, and the patient a complete survey on the current scientific basis, therapeutical protocols, clinical translation and practised therapies in Regenerative Medicine.

Principles of Regenerative Medicine

Download Principles of Regenerative Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123814235
Total Pages : 1203 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles of Regenerative Medicine by : Anthony Atala

Download or read book Principles of Regenerative Medicine written by Anthony Atala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 1203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virtually any disease that results from malfunctioning, damaged, or failing tissues may be potentially cured through regenerative medicine therapies, by either regenerating the damaged tissues in vivo, or by growing the tissues and organs in vitro and implanting them into the patient. Principles of Regenerative Medicine discusses the latest advances in technology and medicine for replacing tissues and organs damaged by disease and of developing therapies for previously untreatable conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, and renal failure. Key for all researchers and instituions in Stem Cell Biology, Bioengineering, and Developmental Biology The first of its kind to offer an advanced understanding of the latest technologies in regenerative medicine New discoveries from leading researchers on restoration of diseased tissues and organs

Neural Development and Stem Cells

Download Neural Development and Stem Cells PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1588294811
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (882 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neural Development and Stem Cells by : Mahendra S. Rao

Download or read book Neural Development and Stem Cells written by Mahendra S. Rao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this new edition of his celebrated work, Mahendra S. Rao, MBBS, PhD, has assembled a panel of leading experts to expand and update his well-received Stem Cells and CNS Development to reflect the enormous increase in our knowledge of the development of the nervous system. Working from a new understanding that the regionalization of stem cells occurs early in development and that this bias appears to persist even after prolonged culture, Dr. Rao has added additional chapters on olfactory epithelial stem cells and retinal stem cells, both of which differ in their properties from ventricular zone and subventricular zone-derived neural stem cells. A new chapter on cell death summarizes the important changes in the death pathway that occur as stem cells mature. Special attention is paid to the derivation of neural cells from embryonic stem cells. All chapters from the first edition have been extensively revised and updated. Appendices provide information on neural stem cell companies, stem cells and transplants, patents and stem cells, and US federal government guidelines on stem cells.

Advances in Stem Cell Research

Download Advances in Stem Cell Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1617799408
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (177 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Stem Cell Research by : Hossein Baharvand

Download or read book Advances in Stem Cell Research written by Hossein Baharvand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-26 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Stem Cell Research discusses recent advances in stem cell science, including therapeutic applications. This volume covers such topics as biomanufacturing iPS cells for therapeutic applications, techniques for controlling stem cell fate decisions, as well as current basic research in such areas as germ line stem cells, genomics and proteomics in stem cell research. It is a useful book for biology and clinical scientists, especially young investigators and stem cell biology students who are newly entering the world of stem cells research. The editors hope that the new knowledge and research outlined in this book will help contribute to new therapies for a wide variety of diseases that presently afflict humanity.

Stem Cells

Download Stem Cells PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 1000062651
Total Pages : 966 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cells by : Mary Clarke

Download or read book Stem Cells written by Mary Clarke and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell science, encompassing basic biology to practical application, is both vast and diverse. A full appreciation of it requires an understanding of cell and molecular biology, tissue structure and physiology, the practicalities of tissue engineering and bioprocessing, and the pathways to clinical implementation—including the ethical and regulatory imperatives that our society requires us to address. Expectation and debate have been driven by the allure of regenerative medicine using stem cells as a source of replacements for damaged or aged tissues. The potential of stem cell application goes far beyond this. Highly innovative uses of stem cells are emerging as possible therapies for cancers, treating acute damage in conditions such as stroke and myocardial infarction, and resolving a whole range of diseases. Stem Cells: Biology and Application presents the basic concepts underlying the fast-moving science of stem cell biology. This textbook is written for an advanced stem cell biology course. The target audience includes senior undergraduates, first year graduate students, and practitioners in molecular biology, biology, and biomedical engineering. Stem Cells provides a comprehensive understanding of these unique cells, highlighting key areas of research, associated controversies, case studies, technologies, and pioneers in the field.

Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences

Download Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123977789
Total Pages : 933 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences by : Ajaykumar Vishwakarma

Download or read book Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences written by Ajaykumar Vishwakarma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences bridges the gap left by many tissue engineering and stem cell biology titles to highlight the significance of translational research in this field in the medical sciences. It compiles basic developmental biology with keen focus on cell and matrix biology, stem cells with relevance to tissue engineering biomaterials including nanotechnology and current applications in various disciplines of dental sciences; viz., periodontology, endodontics, oral & craniofacial surgery, dental implantology, orthodontics & dentofacial orthopedics, organ engineering and transplant medicine. In addition, it covers research ethics, laws and industrial pitfalls that are of particular importance for the future production of tissue constructs. Tissue Engineering is an interdisciplinary field of biomedical research, which combines life, engineering and materials sciences, to progress the maintenance, repair and replacement of diseased and damaged tissues. This ever-emerging area of research applies an understanding of normal tissue physiology to develop novel biomaterial, acellular and cell-based technologies for clinical and non-clinical applications. As evident in numerous medical disciplines, tissue engineering strategies are now being increasingly developed and evaluated as potential routine therapies for oral and craniofacial tissue repair and regeneration. Diligently covers all the aspects related to stem cell biology and tissue engineering in dental sciences: basic science, research, clinical application and commercialization Provides detailed descriptions of new, modern technologies, fabrication techniques employed in the fields of stem cells, biomaterials and tissue engineering research including details of latest advances in nanotechnology Includes a description of stem cell biology with details focused on oral and craniofacial stem cells and their potential research application throughout medicine Print book is available and black and white, and the ebook is in full color

Regenerative Biology and Medicine

Download Regenerative Biology and Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012384861X
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Regenerative Biology and Medicine by : David L. Stocum

Download or read book Regenerative Biology and Medicine written by David L. Stocum and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Second Edition — Winner of a 2013 Highly Commended BMA Medical Book Award for Medicine — discusses the fundamentals of regenerative biology and medicine. It provides a comprehensive overview, which integrates old and new data into an ever-clearer global picture. The book is organized into three parts. Part I discusses the mechanisms and the basic biology of regeneration, while Part II deals with the strategies of regenerative medicine developed for restoring tissue, organ, and appendage structures. Part III reflects on the achievements of regenerative biology and medicine; future challenges; bioethical issues that need to be addressed; and the most promising developments in regenerative medicine. The book is designed for multiple audiences: undergraduate students, graduate students, medical students and postdoctoral fellows, and research investigators interested in an overall synthesis of this field. It will also appeal to investigators from fields not directly related to regenerative biology and medicine, such as chemistry, informatics, computer science, mathematics, physics, and engineering. Highly Commended 2013 BMA Medical Book Award for Medicine Includes coverage of skin, hair, teeth, cornea, and central neural tissues Provides description of regenetive medicine in digestive, respiratory, urogenital, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems Includes amphibians as powerful research models with discussion of appendage regeneration in amphibians and mammals

Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions

Download Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461480663
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions by : Kursad Turksen

Download or read book Stem Cells: Current Challenges and New Directions written by Kursad Turksen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at the state-of-the-science in stem cells, discusses the current challenges, and examines the new directions the field is taking. Dr. Turksen, editor-in-chief of the journal "Stem Cell Reviews and Reports," has assembled a volume of internationally-known scientists who cover topics that are both clinically and research-oriented. The contents range from sources of stem cells through their physiological role in health and disease, therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine, and ethics and society. An initial overview and a final summary bookend the contents into a cohesive and invaluable volume.

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

Download Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947239302
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (393 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine by : Robert E Marx

Download or read book Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine written by Robert E Marx and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Used as an extension of the American College of Regenerative Medicine(TM), chapters focus on musculoskeletal, orthopedics, dental and maxillofacial surgery, dermatology, plastic surgery, plasma products, tissue banking, and stem cell expansion.