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Statistical Illusions Problems
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Book Synopsis Inevitable Illusions by : Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini
Download or read book Inevitable Illusions written by Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1996-11-18 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fascinating and insightful. . . . I cannot recall a book that has made me think more about the nature of thinking." -- Richard C. Lewontin Harvard University Everyone knows that optical illusions trick us because of the way we see. Now scientists have discovered that cognitive illusions, a set of biases deeply embedded in the human mind, can actually distort the way we think. In Inevitable Illusions, distinguished cognitive researcher Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini takes us on a provocative, challenging, and thoroughly entertaining exploration of the games our minds play. He opens the doors onto the newly charted realm of the cognitive unconscious to reveal the full range of illusions, showing how they inhibit our ability to reason--no matter what our educational background or IQ. Inevitable Illusions is stimulating, eye-opening food for thought.
Book Synopsis Issues and Methods in Rorschach Research by : John E. Exner, Jr.
Download or read book Issues and Methods in Rorschach Research written by John E. Exner, Jr. and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any research that involves the use of the Rorschach or focuses on the nature of the Rorschach must be framed in the context of the basic principles that mark any scientific investigation. However, most texts concerning research design or data analysis do not deal directly with many of the unusual issues that confront investigators who use the Rorschach in their research. The nature of the test and test procedures are somewhat different than for most psychological tests, and, often, these special characteristics become critical when research designs are formulated. Similarly, some of the data of the tests are quite different from the customary distributions yielded by other psychological tests. Thus special care must be exercised when considering the variety of tactics that might might be used in analyzing the test data. This text is unique in that it is specific to the Rorschach. Bringing together experts on Rorschach research, this volume presents in-depth treatments of every facet of methodology -- from design to analysis -- as well as more conceptual issues. It is designed to aid investigators in contending effectively with the many difficult challenges that are often encountered in Rorschach research. This work adds to the information already available to the accomplished researcher as well as provide some enlightenment for the Rorschach research novice. It dispels the notion that rote methodology or analyses can be applied routinely to studies involving the Rorschach. And it helps to improve the quality of investigations in which the test is included, and contribute in some way to the improvement of the overall research yield in the Rorschach community.
Book Synopsis Perceiving Geometry by : Catherine Q. Howe
Download or read book Perceiving Geometry written by Catherine Q. Howe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-16 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last few centuries, natural philosophers, and more recently vision scientists, have recognized that a fundamental problem in biological vision is that the sources underlying visual stimuli are unknowable in any direct sense, because of the inherent ambiguity of the stimuli that impinge on sensory receptors. The light that reaches the eye from any scene conflates the contributions of reflectance, illumination, transmittance, and subsidiary factors that affect these primary physical parameters. Spatial properties such as the size, distance and orientation of physical objects are also conflated in light stimuli. As a result, the provenance of light reaching the eye at any moment is uncertain. This quandary is referred to as the inverse optics problem. This book considers the evidence that the human visual system solves this problem by incorporating past human experience of what retinal images have typically corresponded to in the real world.
Book Synopsis Statistical Issues by : Roger E. Kirk
Download or read book Statistical Issues written by Roger E. Kirk and published by Thomson Brooks/Cole. This book was released on 1972 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For introductory- and intermediate-level statistics courses in the behavioral sciences. Most of the articles require only a knowledge of college algebra.
Book Synopsis The Architecture of Chance by : Richard Lowry
Download or read book The Architecture of Chance written by Richard Lowry and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undergraduate textbooks for statistics courses in the behavioral, biological, and social sciences must devote so much space to the nuts-and-bolts details of statistical methods that they have little left over for the larger conceptual framework of probability theory. This brief, lucid book fills the gap with its intelligible and in-depth explanation of probability, laid out step-by-step in a clear and congenial fashion. Even the student with little background in mathematics will find it readable and accessible.
Book Synopsis Multivariate Statistical Methods in Behavioral Research by : R. Darrell Bock
Download or read book Multivariate Statistical Methods in Behavioral Research written by R. Darrell Bock and published by Scientific Software International. This book was released on 1985 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Asia's Population Problems by : S. Chandrasekhar
Download or read book Asia's Population Problems written by S. Chandrasekhar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asia's Population Problems (1967) features papers written by specialists – demographers, economists and sociologists – examining the various population issues facing different Asian countries in the decades following the Second World War. Population facts and policies, apart from affecting an individual’s happiness and security and a nation’s economic and social advancement, have come to play an important role in international relations. A proper understanding of demographic trends is key, and this volume aims to supply significant population facts and figures, and also provides the general national, economic and political framework of each country against which certain international demographic attitudes, approaches and policies may be understood.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability by : Jerzy Neyman
Download or read book Proceedings of the Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability written by Jerzy Neyman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1949 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Data Issues of Global Environmental Reporting by : Jaap van Woerden
Download or read book Data Issues of Global Environmental Reporting written by Jaap van Woerden and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thinking, Fast and Slow by : Daniel Kahneman
Download or read book Thinking, Fast and Slow written by Daniel Kahneman and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Major New York Times Bestseller *More than 2.6 million copies sold *One of The New York Times Book Review's ten best books of the year *Selected by The Wall Street Journal as one of the best nonfiction books of the year *Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient *Daniel Kahneman's work with Amos Tversky is the subject of Michael Lewis's best-selling The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds In his mega bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, world-famous psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives—and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Topping bestseller lists for almost ten years, Thinking, Fast and Slow is a contemporary classic, an essential book that has changed the lives of millions of readers.
Book Synopsis Probability, Choice, and Reason by : Leighton Vaughan Williams
Download or read book Probability, Choice, and Reason written by Leighton Vaughan Williams and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of our thinking is flawed because it is based on faulty intuition. By using the framework and tools of probability and statistics, we can overcome this to provide solutions to many real-world problems and paradoxes. We show how to do this, and find answers that are frequently very contrary to what we might expect. Along the way, we venture into diverse realms and thought experiments which challenge the way that we see the world. Features: An insightful and engaging discussion of some of the key ideas of probabilistic and statistical thinking Many classic and novel problems, paradoxes, and puzzles An exploration of some of the big questions involving the use of choice and reason in an uncertain world The application of probability, statistics, and Bayesian methods to a wide range of subjects, including economics, finance, law, and medicine Exercises, references, and links for those wishing to cross-reference or to probe further Solutions to exercises at the end of the book This book should serve as an invaluable and fascinating resource for university, college, and high school students who wish to extend their reading, as well as for teachers and lecturers who want to liven up their courses while retaining academic rigour. It will also appeal to anyone who wishes to develop skills with numbers or has an interest in the many statistical and other paradoxes that permeate our lives. Indeed, anyone studying the sciences, social sciences, or humanities on a formal or informal basis will enjoy and benefit from this book.
Book Synopsis Research Design by : Marjo Hoefnagels
Download or read book Research Design written by Marjo Hoefnagels and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Design: The Logic of Social Inquiry is a collection of critical writings on different aspects of social research. They have been carefully selected for the variety of approaches they display in relation to three broad styles of research: experimental, survey, and ethnographic. All are classic contributions to the development of methodology and excellent expositions of particular procedures.The book is organized in sections that detail the methods of a typical experimental research program design, data collection, and data analysis. These five sections include The Language of Social Research, Research Design, Data Collection, Measurement, and Data Analysis and Report. Each is preceded by an introduction stressing the unique strengths of the different viewpoints represented and reconciling them in one coherent approach to research.The volume includes displays of philosophical underpinnings of different methodological styles and important issues in research design. Data collection methods, particularly the problem of systematic bias in the data collected, and ways in which researchers may attempt to reduce it, are discussed. There is also a discussion on measurement in which the central issues of reliability, validity, and scale construction are detailed. This kind of synthesis, between such diverse schools of research as the experimentalists and the ethnographers, is of particular concern to social researchers. The book will be of great value to planners and researchers in local government and education departments and to all others engaged in social science or educational research.
Book Synopsis Psychology and Mathematics Education by : Gila Hanna
Download or read book Psychology and Mathematics Education written by Gila Hanna and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Mathematics is constructed rigorously through proofs, based on truths, which are either axioms or previously proven theorems. Thus, it is par excellence a model of rational inquiry. Links between Cognitive Psychology and Mathematics Education have been particularly strong during the last decades. Indeed, the Enlightenment view of the rational human mind that reasons, makes decisions and solves problems based on logic and probabilities, was shaken during the second half of the twentieth century. Cognitive psychologists discovered that humans' thoughts and actions often deviate from rules imposed by strict normative theories of inference. Yet, these deviations should not be called "errors": as Cognitive Psychologists have demonstrated, these deviations may be either valid heuristics that succeed in the environments in which humans have evolved, or biases that are caused by a lack of adaptation to abstract information formats. Humans, as the cognitive psychologist and economist Herbert Simon claimed, do not usually optimize, but rather satisfice, even when solving problem. This Research Topic aims at demonstrating that these insights have had a decisive impact on Mathematics Education. We want to stress that we are concerned with the view of bounded rationality that is different from the one espoused by the heuristics-and-biases program. In Simon’s bounded rationality and its direct descendant ecological rationality, rationality is understood in terms of cognitive success in the world (correspondence) rather than in terms of conformity to content-free norms of coherence (e.g., transitivity).
Book Synopsis Accounting Devices and Fiscal Illusions by : Timothy Irwin
Download or read book Accounting Devices and Fiscal Illusions written by Timothy Irwin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proposed SDN surveys the various accounting stratagems which governments have used to meet fiscal targets—thereby sidestepping the need for true adjustment—and suggests remedial actions to limit this type of fiscal non-transparency. Types of creative accounting covered includes, for instance, currency swaps to hide a debt build-up (as in Greece in 2001–07), sale and leaseback of government property (for example, in the United States), assumption of long-term pension obligations in exchange for short-term revenue (Argentina, Hungary, and other Eastern European countries), use of public-private partnerships to defer the recognition of investment spending (for instance, Portugal), and reliance on non-cash compensation (such as pension rights) to reduce measured wage bills (in the United States, United Kingdom, etc.) As is evident from the examples given, these fiscal tricks have recently come under increased international scrutiny, highlighting the importance of good fiscal reporting, accounting, and transparency in general, for avoiding unpleasant surprises, ensuring government accountability, and containing fiscal vulnerabilities.
Book Synopsis The Illusion of Control by : Mario Vanhoucke
Download or read book The Illusion of Control written by Mario Vanhoucke and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively assesses the growing importance of project data for project scheduling, risk analysis and control. It discusses the relevance of project data for both researchers and professionals, and illustrates why the collection, processing and use of such data is not as straightforward as most people think. The theme of this book is known in the literature as data-driven project management and includes the discussion of using computer algorithms, human intuition, and project data for managing projects under risk. The book reviews the basic components of data-driven project management by summarizing the current state-of-the-art methodologies, including the latest computer and machine learning algorithms and statistical methodologies, for project risk and control. It highlights the importance of artificial project data for academics, and describes the specific requirements such data must meet. In turn, the book discusses a wide variety of statistical methods available to generate these artificial data and shows how they have helped researchers to develop algorithms and tools to improve decision-making in project management. Moreover, it examines the relevance of project data from a professional standpoint and describes how professionals should collect empirical project data for better decision-making. Finally, the book introduces a new approach to data collection, generation, and analysis for creating project databases, making it relevant for academic researchers and professional project managers alike.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis by : Robert S. Lockhart
Download or read book Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis written by Robert S. Lockhart and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 1998 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Bob Lockhart emphasizes the link between statistical techniques and scientific discovery by focusing on evaluation and comparison of models. It is an intuitive view of statistics that views all methods as variants on a basic theme (evaluating models). Lockhart's realistic approach enables students to examine and question the methods and goals of statistics and to draw clear connections between statistical methods and the research process.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Production by : Bridget Somekh
Download or read book Knowledge Production written by Bridget Somekh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection from a highly impressive international group of educational researchers explores epistemological, methodological, and ethical-political issues in the production of knowledge about educational phenomena in contemporary society. The book is organized in two sections. The first focuses on how the enterprise of knowledge production is being influenced by global discourses of educational accountability, evidence-based practice and policy, and quality assessment. The second section features material that focuses more specifically on reconceiving both methodological matters and the kinds of knowledge that demand attention in this climate. The book is unique in bringing together chapters by scholars well-known internationally for their original contributions to educational theory and research practice. Many books in this area are no more than guides on how to do research or text books reiterating rather narrow frameworks of research paradigms, this book both breaks new ground and sets the tone for discussions about the future path of educational research in the coming years.
