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Statistical Anaysis And Modeling Of Automotive Emissions
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Book Synopsis Statistical Anaysis and Modeling of Automotive Emissions by : Timothy C. Coburn
Download or read book Statistical Anaysis and Modeling of Automotive Emissions written by Timothy C. Coburn and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001-04 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains many of the papers presented in a mini-symposium on statistical analysis & modeling of automotive emissions held in Aug. 1999. The articles represent the efforts of approximately 20 authors & co-authors from across industry, gov't., & academia & cover a diverse array of topics regarding fundamental methodological issues, advanced statistical techniques, & specific case studies. Two papers included in the mini-symposium involved the assessment of sulfur in diesel fuel on the performance of emissions control devices & the forecasting of ozone standard exceedances that occur partly in response to vehicular traffic vol. & dispersion.
Book Synopsis Journal of Transportation and Statistics by :
Download or read book Journal of Transportation and Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Transportation and Statistics by :
Download or read book Journal of Transportation and Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Transportation and Statistics by :
Download or read book Journal of Transportation and Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a forum for the latest developments in transportation information and data, theory, concepts, and methods of analysis relevant to all aspects of the transportation system. Publishes original research on the use of information to improve public and private decisionmaking for transportation.
Book Synopsis Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling of On-Road Vehicle Emissions Using Remote Sensing by :
Download or read book Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling of On-Road Vehicle Emissions Using Remote Sensing written by and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objectives of this research are; to develop on-road emission factor estimates for carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions; to collect traffic and vehicle parameters that might be important in explaining variability in vehicle emissions; to develop an empirical traffic-based model that can predict vehicle emissions based upon observable traffic and vehicle parameters. Remote sensing technology were employed to collect exhaust emissions data. Traffic parameters were collected using an area-wide traffic detector, MOBILIZER. During the measurements, license plates were also recorded to obtain information on vehicle parameters. Data were collected at two sites, having different road grades and site geometries, over 10 days of field work at the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. A total of 11,830 triggered measurement attempts were recorded. After post-processing, 7,056 emissions were kept in the data base as valid measurements. After combining with the traffic and license vehicle parameters, a data base has been developed. Exploratory analysis has been conducted to find variables that are important to explain the variability of the emission estimates. Statistical methods were used to compare the mean of the emissions estimates for different sub-populations. For example, multi-comparison analysis has been conducted to compare the mean emissions estimates from vehicles having different model years. This analysis showed that the mean emissions from older vehicles were statistically different than the mean emissions estimates from the recent model year vehicles. One of the contributions of the research was developing an empirical traffic-based emission estimation model. For this purpose, data collected during the study were used to develop a novel model which combines the Hierarchical Tree-Based Regression method and Ordinary Least Squares regression. The key findings from this research include: (1) the measured mean CO emission estimate for Resear.
Author :IMechE (Institution of Mechanical Engineers) Publisher :John Wiley & Sons ISBN 13 :9781860583872 Total Pages :292 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (838 download)
Book Synopsis International Conference on Statistics and Analytical Methods in Automotive Engineering by : IMechE (Institution of Mechanical Engineers)
Download or read book International Conference on Statistics and Analytical Methods in Automotive Engineering written by IMechE (Institution of Mechanical Engineers) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-11-22 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These IMechE conference transactions examine how major improvements have been made in product delivery processes by the effective use of both statistical and analytical methods, as well as examining the problems that can occur as a result of under utilization of information. This volume will be of great interest to managers, engineers, and statisticians at all levels, engaged in project management or the design and development of motor vehicles, their subsystems, and components. CONTENTS INCLUDE Applications of advanced modelling methods in engine development Application of adaptive online DoE techniques for engine ECU calibration Radial basis functions for engine modelling Designing for Six Sigma reliability Dimensional variation analysis for automotive hybrid aluminium body structures Reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization of vehicle structures
Book Synopsis Modeling Mobile-Source Emissions by : National Research Council
Download or read book Modeling Mobile-Source Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Author :Nikolaos Tsanakas Publisher :Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN 13 :9176850927 Total Pages :131 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (768 download)
Book Synopsis Emission estimation based on traffic models and measurements by : Nikolaos Tsanakas
Download or read book Emission estimation based on traffic models and measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.
Book Synopsis Microscopic Vehicle Emission Modelling by : Hajar Hajmohammadi Hosseinabadi
Download or read book Microscopic Vehicle Emission Modelling written by Hajar Hajmohammadi Hosseinabadi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle emission models are widely used to estimate air pollution from road transport. This estimation can then be considered for transport management and traffic control policies, to quantify their impacts on urban air quality. The focus of this study is to investigate the relationship between vehicle dynamics and tailpipe emission by statistical methods. These methods are: log- polynomial and classified log-polynomial model based on acceleration and deceleration, lagged regression and transfer function model based on time series analysis, gear-based emission model based on estimated transmission gear components, and the general additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) based on spline functions. The dataset for this study is second-by-second emission laboratory measurements of four different vehicle types while following a driving cycle recorded in urban, suburban and motorway areas of London. The vehicles can be categorized by size (compact and saloon), fuel type (petrol and diesel) and transmission type (manual and automatic). For each vehicle type, CO2, CO and NOx emissions are estimated in each second of driving by the speed profile as the main explanatory variable. The six emission models developed in this study are: Log-polynomial (LP), classified log-polynomial (CLP), lagged regression (LR), transfer function (TF), gear-based and GAMLSS. These are evaluated using the BIC, total emission recovery and statistical time series analysis of the residuals. The GAMLSS model consistently has the best BIC values for all vehicle and emission types, while the recovery ratio of this model is within 1% for all vehicle types. In addition, statistical analysis of the ACF/PACF time series plots shows that the GAMLSS emission model is clearer from the significant lags compared to the parametric models (LP, TF, Gear-based, gear-based and CLP). Among the parametric models, the classified models represent the emission relationship better than others. The best BIC values (after GAMLSS) were achieved by the gear- based and the CLP emission models. These results indicate that the GAMLSS approach which uses spline functions and flexible error structure performs better than the other models investigated here. This model is validated by 10- fold cross-validation approach which shows that the prediction power of the GAMLSS emission model exceeds that of the parametric models. The models are evaluated by the BIC values, total emission recovery and analysis of the residuals. Based on these criteria, the GAMLSS emission model is the most effective, especially for CO and NOx emission modelling. This model is then validated by the K-fold cross-validation process. The suggestion for future research is to evaluate the performance of the developed models with track and real driving emission (RDE) tests. The calibrated model then will be implemented to a traffic microsimulation, where different transportation management and traffic policies can be simulated and evaluated by their impacts on air quality.
Book Synopsis International Conference on Calibration Methods and Automotive Data Analytics by : Karsten Röpke
Download or read book International Conference on Calibration Methods and Automotive Data Analytics written by Karsten Röpke and published by expert verlag. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussions on electrification, air pollution control and driving bans in inner cities bring major challenges for powertrain development. Real Driving Emissions (RDE), Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedures (WLTP) and the next level of CO2 reduction enforce new development methods. At the same time, new measurement technology and better IT infrastructure mean that ever larger amounts of data are available. Thereby, methods of digitization, e.g. Machine Learning, may be used in automotive development. Another challenge arises from the ever-increasing number of vehicle variants. Many OEMs reduce the number of their engines to reduce costs. However, the basic engines are then installed with little hardware customization in numerous vehicle models. As a result, the application of derivatives and the systematic validation of an application play an important role.
Book Synopsis A Review of Instantaneous Emission Models for Road Vehicles by : P. G. Boulter
Download or read book A Review of Instantaneous Emission Models for Road Vehicles written by P. G. Boulter and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309037263 Total Pages :703 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health by : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Book Synopsis Modal Emissions Modeling with Real Traffic Data by : Jason A. Crawford
Download or read book Modal Emissions Modeling with Real Traffic Data written by Jason A. Crawford and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details the use of a modal emissions model to estimate the relative emissions of CO due to changes in vehicle operating characteristics on urban roadways. The Davis Institute for Transportation Studies Emissions Model (DITSEM) was selected to demonstrate the emissions characteristics of different freeway operating conditions. Instrumented vehicle data collected in Houston, Texas provides a set of operating parameters for which CO emissions are estimated. These estimates are calculated for different times of the day on the same facility to determine the relative emissions levels from a representative vehicle traveling on the freeway. The research team examined 10 samples along three roadways (two freeways, and one arterial). Implausible results were found in data exhibiting high average speeds (>60 mph) where average emissions rates were higher than those on the same roadway under congested conditions. This led to several conclusions of which the most important was that the DITSEM model not be used with samples where the percent of the driving cycle greater than 60 mph 2/sec exceeds 9%. This limit represents the highest value from which the model was derived for this variable. In addition, it is noted that the speed instrumentation was not able to provide sufficient precision for meaningful analysis with the available data.
Book Synopsis Analysis of High-mileage-vehicle Emissions Data from Late-model, Fuel-injected Vehicles by : American Petroleum Institute
Download or read book Analysis of High-mileage-vehicle Emissions Data from Late-model, Fuel-injected Vehicles written by American Petroleum Institute and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Planning, Development and Management of Sustainable Cities by : Tan Yigitcanlar
Download or read book Planning, Development and Management of Sustainable Cities written by Tan Yigitcanlar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of ‘sustainable urban development’ has been pushed to the forefront of policymaking and politics as the world wakes up to the impacts of climate change and the destructive effects of the Anthropocene. Climate change has emerged to be one of the biggest challenges faced by our planet today, threatening both built and natural systems with long-term consequences, which may be irreversible. While there is a vast body of literature on sustainability and sustainable urban development, there is currently limited focus on how to cohesively bring together the vital issues of the planning, development, and management of sustainable cities. Moreover, it has been widely stated that current practices and lifestyles cannot continue if we are to leave a healthy living planet to not only the next generation, but also to the generations beyond. The current global school strikes for climate action (known as Fridays for Future) evidences this. The book advocates the view that the focus needs to rest on ways in which our cities and industries can become green enough to avoid urban ecocide. This book fills a gap in the literature by bringing together issues related to the planning, development, and management of cities and focusing on a triple-bottom-line approach to sustainability.
Book Synopsis Statistical Analysis of the Phase 3 Emissions Data Collected in the EPAct/V2/E89 Program by :
Download or read book Statistical Analysis of the Phase 3 Emissions Data Collected in the EPAct/V2/E89 Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase 3 of the EPAct/V2/E-89 Program investigated the effects of 27 program fuels and 15 program vehicles on exhaust emissions and fuel economy. All vehicles were tested over the California Unified Driving Cycle (LA-92) at 75 degrees F. The program fuels differed on T50, T90, ethanol, Reid vapor pressure, and aromatics. The vehicles tested were new, low-mileage 2008 model year Tier 2 vehicles. A total of 956 test runs were made. Comprehensive statistical modeling and analyses were conducted on methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, fuel economy, non-methane hydrocarbons, non-methane organic gases, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, and total hydrocarbons. In general, model fits determined that emissions and fuel economy were complicated by functions of the five fuel parameters. An extensive evaluation of alternative model fits produced a number of competing model fits. Many of these alternative fits produce similar estimates of mean emissions for the 27 program fuels but should be carefully evaluated for use with emerging fuels with combinations of fuel parameters not included here. The program includes detailed databases on each of the 27 program fuels on each of the 15 vehicles and on each of the vehicles on each of the program fuels.
