Static And Seismic Performance Of California Levees

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Static and Seismic Performance of California Levees

Author : Michelle Jennifer Shriro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 667 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Static and Seismic Performance of California Levees by : Michelle Jennifer Shriro

Download or read book Static and Seismic Performance of California Levees written by Michelle Jennifer Shriro and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has two main thrusts. The first part of the study addresses static seepage and stability of California levees as related to the presence of woody vegetation. The second part of this study addresses seismic deformations related to California levees through calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis of a constitutive model implemented to capture seismic embankment deformations. Two field tests were conducted to investigate the effects of seepage in the vicinity of live and decaying tree root systems to examine the effects of live and decaying root systems on levee seepage and slope stability. The first field test involved the construction of parallel trenches in the vicinity of a eucalyptus stump located along the landside of the northern levee bordering the American River adjacent to the California Exposition and State Fair. A live hackberry tree with healthy roots was present at the toe of the levee. A control set of parallel trenches was constructed away from the eucalyptus stump. During the test, the upslope trench was flooded and maintained at constant head to induce slope-parallel seepage and the downslope trench was used to make observations and collect any intercepted seepage. Piezometers and tensiometers were installed to measure positive and negative pore water pressures within the zone of flow to describe the wetting and flow patterns as they evolved within the levee. Instrumentation was installed to assess the influence of the stump and its decomposing root system. Live roots, mammal burrows, and other features added complexity to the system. In addition to instrumentation data, visual observations were recorded during the 6 day flow test. During the flow test, wetting front and water flow patterns appeared to be dominated by flow through a network of shallow mammal burrows. Physical observation of the saturation front, as seen from the lower wall, confirmed that the area below the stump was the last location to saturate during the wetting test. Ground-based tripod light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) was used to complement traditional logging and for constructing a 3D model of the root system, burrows and stratigraphy. Preliminary computer simulations of the advance of the wetting front support the basic patterns observed in the field test. The second field experiment was conducted along the crown of a bypassed levee along an oxbow segment of the seven mile slough on Twitchell Island in Rio Vista, California. An 8-foot deep crown trench was excavated to extend through the root system of a land side live oak tree, a water side valley oak tree, and a control section. The test was designed to evaluate the effects of seepage in the vicinity of live tree root systems. During the test, the crown trench was flooded and maintained at constant head to simulate a flood condition with water delivered from the center of the levee. Piezometers and tensiometers were installed to measure positive and negative pore water pressures, respectively, within the zone of flow to describe the wetting and flow patterns as they evolved within the levee. Burrow networks, fracturing, and gapping within levee soils, as well as variability of stratigraphic conditions across the site added complexity. Visual observations were made during the flow test to view surficial seepage and flow patterns from the surface in addition to continuous monitoring of subsurface instruments. The site contained an extensive network of muskrat burrows in addition to burrows by other species and the initial advance of the wetting front appeared to be related to burrowing activity. With increased time and saturation of levee soils, flow through macropores appeared to diminish. The levee appears to have been founded on overbank deposits comprised of lower permeability soils than the overlying levee fill. Water appeared to accumulate on this stratigraphic layer, driving seepage patterns on the landside of the levee. A break in this low permeability layer affected flow patterns while the slope of this layer toward this break appears to have added a three dimensional effect to flow patterns. Cracking was observed in the crown road along the levee crest within the first 24 hours of the flow test. After approximately 40 hours of flow, the waterside oak tree, which was initially leaning at an angle of approximately 43 degrees from horizontal, rotated an additional approximately 20 degrees into the slough, creating cracks and deformation along the waterside slope. A dye test was performed as a part of the experiment to better understand the extent of these burrows, their effect on flow patterns, and to better evaluate the role of these burrow networks in the deformations observed on the waterside slope during the flow test. Ground-based tripod light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) was used to complement our efforts related to tracking deformations during the test. Based on calibrated numerical simulations, trees were found not to play a significant role in seepage-induced rotational or block failure of the levee slopes. However, where trees exhibit significant lean (center of mass extends beyond the fulcrum of the root plate), horizontal roots extending into the levee may place additional loads on the levee embankment. Loading of this type can be incorporated into two dimensional slope stability analyses, using mass-averaging to capture the three-dimensional impact of the tree. Tree overturning was evaluated at the waterside oak tree. Root forces were represented as a single horizontal force and a single vertical force. Horizontally oriented tree root loading increased faster than vertical loading in response to increasing slope angle, while the reverse was true for tree lean where vertical root forces increased more rapidly with increasing tree lean. The method was implemented and successfully captured the observed landside and waterside tree responses during the Crown Trench Seepage Test. The second part of this research focused on seismically induced permanent displacement of earth levees, embankments, and earth-fill slopes resulting from liquefaction below these earth structures. Deformations of this nature are not well captured in current seismic design practice. Ground remediation can be employed to reduce the hazards resulting from soil liquefaction for cases where the analytical tools predict poor seismic performance. There are not sufficient funds to repair all vulnerable levees in the system. Thus, robust analytical procedures are required to evaluate sections of levees where liquefiable foundation materials may lead to significant damage. Inertially driven ground movements of intermediate levels are the primary focus of this study. In these cases, the post-liquefaction static stability of the earth slope is greater than one, and seismically induced permanent displacements result primarily from earthquake shaking after liquefaction is triggered. Limited lateral spreads involving liquefaction of medium dense sand can produce seismic displacements on the order of several centimeters to a meter or more. These levels of seismic displacements are sufficient to damage severely levees. The most commonly employed simplified method for evaluation of seismic deformation at these intermediate levels relies on the concept post-liquefaction residual shear strength. For many practical cases, residual shear strength is ill-defined due to the ever changing resistance provided by soils that undergo repetitive dilative responses during cyclic loading. Where liquefied soils are sufficiently strong to resist flow failures, engineers lack satisfactory tools to evaluate the seismic performance of earth structures that overlie liquefiable soils. A nonlinear soil constitutive model (UBCSAND), which was developed by Professor Byrne and implemented in the finite difference program FLAC, is employed to evaluate seismic deformations of earth structures resulting from liquefaction-induced lateral movements. Analyses of one-element laboratory tests are performed first to develop trends within the UBCSAND soil model calibration parameters. The basic model parameters are correlated to (N1)60 values. The UBCSAND model also has four "fitting" parameters. Two of the four model parameters are varied in this study to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to these variations. Triggering is captured with values of the m_hfac1 parameter with a typical range of 0.5 to 2.0 depending on relative density, CSR, and initial static shear stress. The trends identified are implemented in the back-analysis of several case histories, and the ability of the UBCSAND model within the program FLAC to capture observed deformations is evaluated. The numerical simulations of seismic performance at Moss Landing Marine Laboratory and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake and at the Juvenile Hall Facility during the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake are shown to capture well the key features of these case histories. The study was generalized through a broader sensitivity study to investigate the seismic performance of earthen embankments built atop potentially liquefiable soils. Several representative levee sections on differing foundations are analyzed, wherein key characteristics, such as the thickness of the liquefiable layer and its relative density, are systematically varied to develop useful insights. The thickness of the liquefiable foundation layer impacted displacements in a non-linear pattern where displacement increased more rapidly as the liquefiable material layer thickness increases. As would be expected, combinations of thicker deposits of liquefiable foundation soils combined with higher embankments yielded the maximum displacement of the.

Select Topics on the Static and Dynamic Response and Performance of Earthen Levees

Author : Adamantia-Maria George Athanasopoulos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1064 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Select Topics on the Static and Dynamic Response and Performance of Earthen Levees by : Adamantia-Maria George Athanasopoulos

Download or read book Select Topics on the Static and Dynamic Response and Performance of Earthen Levees written by Adamantia-Maria George Athanasopoulos and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Characterizing Seismic Performance of Levees on Peaty Organic Soils from Case Histories and Simulations

Author : Yi Tyan Tsai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterizing Seismic Performance of Levees on Peaty Organic Soils from Case Histories and Simulations by : Yi Tyan Tsai

Download or read book Characterizing Seismic Performance of Levees on Peaty Organic Soils from Case Histories and Simulations written by Yi Tyan Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Levee systems along Kushiro and Tokachi Rivers in Hokkaido, Japan, rest on significant deposits of peat and organic soils in downstream regions. Both levee systems were subjected to strong shaking during the 1993 M 7.6 Kushiro-oki and 2003 M 8.2 Tokachi-oki earthquakes. Local levee staff with the Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Tourism (MLIT) performed thorough inspections of the full length of these levee systems after both events, which documented the location and severity of damages. This record of field performance presents a valuable dataset for investigating the factors that given rise to different levels of seismic performance. To my knowledge, this is the only such data set world-wide of levee performance when founded on peaty organic soils and subjected to strong earthquake shaking. A crucial requirement for an investigation of the seismic performance of these levee systems is to understand the levels of seismic shaking they experienced. This is accomplished using a Kriging routine that operates on event-adjusted residuals between observed ground motions from local recording stations and ground motion models. Two ground motion models are considered, with some accommodations made to the path and site components of the ground motion models. The site response component of the ground motion models is not able to capture the effect of the local geologies in the downstream regions, where the soft peat and organic soils are well outside of the range present in global site databases. Accordingly, a regional site amplification model is developed using recordings from the downstream portion of the Tokachi River system in combination with nonlinear ground response analyses (GRA) with representative profiles. The profiles are based on information from the literature, local field offices, and a subsurface exploration program conducted as part of this research using the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method and ambient noise measurements at 21 sites. The fundamental site period is estimated from the horizontal to vertical spectra ratio (HVSR) of the ambient noise and used as a predictive parameter for the empirical site response model. Dispersion curves are inverted to obtain shear wave velocity profiles for GRA and estimates of VS30 along the levees. The empirical amplification is higher and exhibits less nonlinearity than the amplification model derived from simulations. The regional model is used in place of the ergodic site terms in the ground motion models for predicting PGA at the levee segments with similar foundation conditions. Seismic levee fragility is expressed as the probability of exceeding a damage level given the peak ground acceleration. The levee system is discretised into 50 m segments, each of which is assigned damage levels based on crack depth, crack width and subsidence from the MLIT reconnaissance. Around a third of the 9,768 levee segments have peat within the foundations. Within the levee systems examined, levees on peat are found to be significantly more fragile than levees on inorganic soils. Detailed analyses were performed for ten cross sections along the Tokachi River where strong motion recordings on the levees are available for the 2003 earthquake. Typical geotechnical performance assessment methods (liquefaction susceptibility, triggering, and consequence) are applied to examine the degree to which the observed field performance can be predicted. 2-D limit equilibrium models are constructed to evaluate slope displacements from Newmark analysis. A composite prediction framework considering both liquefaction severity indices and slope displacements is proposed to account for damage from multiple failure mechanisms and the consequence of liquefaction in the foundation and/or body of the levee.

Dynamic Shake Testing of a Model Levee on Peaty Organic Soil in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Author : Edward Thomas Reinert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Shake Testing of a Model Levee on Peaty Organic Soil in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta by : Edward Thomas Reinert

Download or read book Dynamic Shake Testing of a Model Levee on Peaty Organic Soil in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta written by Edward Thomas Reinert and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is the hub of California's water distribution system, which consists of below sea-level islands surrounded by levees. Delta levees are constructed of local fill, have typically been unengineered and are notorious for breaching, causing flooding of the islands inside. One major concern is the seismic performance of Delta levees, which have not experienced a significant seismic event in over a century. Many of these levees are founded on local peaty organic soils, and the seismic performance of these levees is poorly understood. As part of a collaborative research investigation to study to study the seismic performance of Delta levees, a series of dynamic field tests were performed on a model levee constructed on very soft and compressible peaty organic soils on Sherman Island. This first-of-its-kind test applied dynamic loads to the model levee-peat system using the large NEES@UCLA MK-15 eccentric mass shaker mounted on the levee crest. Two sets of tests were performed in 2011 and 2012. Geotechnical and geophysical investigations performed at the site found a 11m thick peat deposit rests atop permeable Pleistocene sand. The peaty soils consist of 9m of soft saturated peat with a Vs of 30 m/ and a 2m stiff desiccated crust with a Vs of 60 m/s lying atop the soft peat. Artesian pressures exist in the soft saturated peat due to hydraulic connection with the nearby Sacramento River, with a zero effective stress condition existing at the peat-sand interface. Remote data monitoring measured settlement and pore pressure dissipation of the levee using embedded piezometers and a slope inclinometer. The remote monitoring found fast dissipation of pore pressures underneath the levee and continued settlement of the levee due to a high rate of secondary compression. Prior to the 2012 tests, a berm was constructed around the levee and the ground was flooded, to create more realistic soil conditions in the unsaturated crust. Dynamic base shear-displacement and moment-rotation relations were made for the levee. The model levee translated and rotated visibly during testing, demonstrating a response that differs from the one-dimensional wave propagation assumption used to analyze seismic levee response. High radiation damping was observed, and translation of the levee was found to go out-of-phase at peak shaker frequencies. Complex-valued stiffness of the levee-peat system was analyzed and compared to analytical solutions for a rigid foundation on an elastic halfspace. Little agreement was found between the field test results and the analytic solution, suggesting that the levee-peat foundation is flexible. Dynamic shear strains measured underneath the levee crest and toe measured an average value of shear strains at the bottom of the stiff crust and top of the soft peat. Peak shear strains measured during testing went up to 0.4%, with higher shear strains occurring underneath the levee toe, due to the rocking behavior. Comparison of residual pore pressure ratios generated during testing show a trend in increasing residual pore pressure with increasing shear strain. Comparison of field test results with dynamic laboratory testing showed very little increase in residual pore pressures from field tests, suggesting that pore pressures underneath the levee dissipated quickly due to high horizontal permeability. A series of finite element simulations were performed with elastic isotropic materials to compare different hypothetical soil conditions and loading scenarios. Good agreement in shear strains between the field test and the finite element simulations were found. Higher shear strains were found to exist beneath the levee for softer soils and uniform base excitation. A study investigated the development of shear stresses within the levee fill, and found an increase in peak shear stresses compared to shear stresses calculated for a simple shear case. This has implications for liquefaction triggering analysis, and the finite element simulations suggest that the current methodology used in evaluating seismic demand may be underestimating shear stresses within the levee fill.

Seismic and Post-seismic Behavior of Embankments Atop Peat

Author : Riccardo Cappa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339528922
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic and Post-seismic Behavior of Embankments Atop Peat by : Riccardo Cappa

Download or read book Seismic and Post-seismic Behavior of Embankments Atop Peat written by Riccardo Cappa and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast 2,800 km2 Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, lies in a seismically active region and was originally marshland, whose reclamation started 150 years ago by building un-engineered levees on top of the organic soil. Today, after more than a century of intensive agricultural activities, the majority of the Delta inlands subsided below mean sea level, reducing the stability of the fragile embankment structures. With the chance of experiencing moderate earthquake activity in the Delta of up to 0.4g in the next 500 years, the potential of a massive levee system failure due to simultaneous breaching of levees poses a significant hazard. Consequences could include flooding of thousands of acres of agricultural farm land, draw-in of saline water from the Pacific Ocean causing a breakdown of Southern California's water supply system, destruction of the Delta's ecological environment and an estimated economic loss of up to $ 40 billion to the state of California. Seismic risk assessments, mitigation techniques and safety plans proposed so far lack of solid scientific bases. Estimations of free board loss in practice neglect (a) the performance of the organic foundation and (b) its interaction with the relatively stiffer embankment structure atop, both of which are insufficiently understood. In addition, the liquefaction potential of Delta levee fills subjected to the 500 year earthquake scenario is unclear. Four large scale 9m radius and twelve 1m radius centrifuge tests were performed at the NEES UCDavis equipment site to study the seismic and post-seismic behavior of model levee structures resting atop soft organic peat. Findings of the project include (1) definition of a 1% cyclic strain threshold for pore pressure generation in peat, (2) documentation of augmented post-seismic volume change rates in the organic foundation with an increase in secondary compression settlement rates of up to 30%, (3) identification of substantial inertial SSI effects and stress concentrations beneath the embankment toes, and (4) verification of free board loss of model Delta levees cyclically loaded with ground motions comparable to the 500 year earthquake scenario. Data from the project will serve as a tool to guide legislators in their important decisions, and as unique benchmarks for validation of improved constitutive models and risk assessments.

Calibrated Fragility Functions for Seismic Loading of Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Levees

Author : Yang Yang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Calibrated Fragility Functions for Seismic Loading of Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Levees by : Yang Yang

Download or read book Calibrated Fragility Functions for Seismic Loading of Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Levees written by Yang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, referred to as the Delta, is of great significance to California in numerous aspects. As one of the largest estuaries in the western United States, the Delta is vital to California's water supply system. Essential lifelines such as the transportation lines and transmission lines lie across the Delta. Across the Delta, there is also an extensive levee system which helps to maintain the islands and waterways. The levees are at the risk of failure, which have brought great attention because the levee failures could cause severe damage to both economy and environment. Although the levees at the Delta have not been shaken by extremely strong earthquake events, the risk is still high considering that there are quite a few active faults near the Delta. Therefore, it is of great importance to get a better understanding of the seismic fragility of levees in the Delta region. Case histories of Japanese levees are first studied to validate the analysis approach. Three instrumented levee sites are selected where instrumental data and field performance data are available, including Nakashimo site, Yamazaki site and Kozuka site. For each site, a two-dimensional (2D) numerical model is constructed and calibrated using OpenSees. The 2D model is shaken by recorded earthquake events, and the response predicted by the finite element model is compared with recorded response. It is found that the predicted surface motions at the levee crest matches well with the recorded surface motion to a great extent with their response spectra compared. The predicted crest settlement for large earthquake events also agrees well with the reported settlement data. But for small earthquake events, it is unclear if the finite element model over-predicts the crest settlement when there is no reported damage report. At the Nakashimo site, a predicted pore water pressure response is also compared with the actual recording, and the comparison indicates that the finite element is able to predict the building-up of the pore water pressure that is consistent with the recorded response, and the predicted rate of dissipation is slightly faster than the measured rate of dissipation. PGV-based fragility curves are then derived from a large number of numerical simulations by following a calibrated approach of developing fragility function. The derived fragility functions are also compared with empirical fragility functions developed by Kwak et al. (2016). A comparison study shows that the median of the log-normal CDFs for the fragility curve obtained from numerical simulations is quite close to the median of the fragility functions proposed by Kwak et al. (2016), while the standard deviation is slightly smaller. This is likely due to the fact that the approach of deriving fragility functions from numerical simulations does not account for all sources of uncertainty that the empirical fragility functions incorporated. With the analysis approach validated, the levees in the Delta, specifically at the McDonald Island are analyzed. A 2D levee model is constructed following a generic levee cross-section profile, and soil properties are determined from available geotechnical data and geophysical measurements. A group of ground motions are selected to be consistent with seismic hazard at McDonald Island. A ground motion intensity measure selection study shows that PGV of the crest motion from a one-dimensional (1D) model without liquefaction is favored in the fragility function derivations. PGV-based fragility curves are also derived from numerical simulations, and it is found that the medians of the log-normal CDFs for PGV-based fragility curves are found to be smaller than what was proposed in Kwak et al. (2016). This indicates that levees at the McDonald Island are more fragile than Japanese levee sites mostly due to a much higher water level and the peat materials beneath the levee fill. The standard deviation of the log-normal CDFs of the fragility curve, after accounting for motion-to-motion variability, within-cross-section variability, and section-to-section varaibility, corresponds quite well with what was proposed by Kwak et al. (2016). In addition, considering that natural soils are usually heterogeneous, the spatial variablity of soil is often characterized and modeled by a spatially correlated random field. Traditional methods like Cholesky decompostion can be computationally expensive for a random field exceeding certain size. An algorithm that combines both Cholesky decomposition and Kriging is proposed to save some computational cost. Example applications are also introduced to validate the algorithm.

CALFED Levee Stability Program, California

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis CALFED Levee Stability Program, California by :

Download or read book CALFED Levee Stability Program, California written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reliability of Levee Systems Under Seismic Load

Author : Justin Chow Hollenback
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Reliability of Levee Systems Under Seismic Load by : Justin Chow Hollenback

Download or read book Reliability of Levee Systems Under Seismic Load written by Justin Chow Hollenback and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently there is no consistent, widely accepted procedure for discretizing levee systems subjected to seismic load for probabilistic analysis. Further, statistical independence of performance between levee sections is often assumed without verification. This stems from the difficulty in: quantifying the spatial autocorrelation structure of random variables used to predict performance and, implementing autocorrelation structure into probabilistic levee analysis. In this research we use First Order Reliability Method (FORM), Second Order Reliability Method (SORM), Sequential Important Conditional Sampling (SCIS) and Directional Important Sampling (DIRS) in an attempt to define a robust methodology for discretizing a levee system for probabilistic analysis and to show that assuming independence of performance between individual levee sections is not valid. We chose to use the levee that protects Sherman Island, CA as our case study. Sherman Island is located in the California Bay Delta, which is the terminus of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and a strategically vital hub of infrastructure for the region and the State of California. To use the reliability tools we have selected it was necessary for us to define compatible levee performance models. Compatible models must be continuous functions of random variables that are differentiable and the random variables must be continuous and described by a joint probability distribution. Rather than develop our own models we adopted levee performance models developed in the Delta Risk Management Strategy (DRMS) Phase 1 Report (URS 2009). This report was a comprehensive risk analysis of the California Bay Delta. The seismic performance models developed within were not fully compatible with or reliability tools. Therefore we made appropriate and technically sound adjustments to the models. To ensure that our seismic levee performance models were producing reasonable results we used them to calculate point estimates of failure probability at Sherman Island for past seismic events: M≈7.9 1906 Great San Francisco Event, M=5.8 1980 Livermore Event, M=6.19 1984 Morgan Hill Event and M=6.9 1989 Loma Prieta Event. There were no documented seismic failure for the three most recent events and our failure probability estimates agree well with this. As mentioned above, quantifying the spatial autocorrelation structure of random variables used to predict levee performance is a non-trivial task. As part of this study we investigated the spatial autocorrelation structure of ground motion intensity measures. Specifically we characterized the spatial autocorrelation structure of single-station intra-event residuals and site terms. We did this for three different sets of ground motion data: a Californian dataset (Chiou et al., 2010), a Taiwanese dataset (Lin et al., 2011) and a Japanese dataset (Rodriguez-Marek et al., 2011). Single-station intra-event residuals come from single-station sigma ground motion prediction equations, which are models that have removed repeatable site effects from the standard deviation. We show that the spatial autocorrelation structure of single-station intra-event residuals and site terms are region dependent and sensitive to the period of pseudo spectral acceleration. Further we show that single-station intra-event residuals stay autocorrelated for greater distances than intra-event residuals. We implemented our characterization of ground motion autocorrelation into our levee reliability analysis. There was not sufficient data for us to quantify the spatial autocorrelation structure of the random variables that describe material properties of the levee. There are studies on spatial autocorrelation of material properties in the literature however; none of studies are at an applicable scale for our analysis. Additionally, there is little guidance on whether or not model error terms are autocorrelated. We test a range of assumptions on the spatial autocorrelation of the material properties and model error terms in our analysis. The results of our analysis suggest that: A robust methodology for discretization of levee systems under seismic load is dependent on the scale of the potential failure mechanisms and, the assumption of statistical independence of performance between levee sections is not appropriate. Though we were unable to develop a specific methodology for the discretization of a levee system we provide a relationship for adjusting failure probability estimates of a levee based on its length and assumptions about the scale of potential failure mechanisms and the amount of autocorrelation present in random variables used for prediction.

Probabilistic Evaluation of Seismic Levee Performance Using Field Performance Data

Author : Dong Youp Kwak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilistic Evaluation of Seismic Levee Performance Using Field Performance Data by : Dong Youp Kwak

Download or read book Probabilistic Evaluation of Seismic Levee Performance Using Field Performance Data written by Dong Youp Kwak and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I characterize the seismic fragility of levees along the Shinano River system in Japan using field performance data from two M 6.6 shallow crustal earthquakes. I quantify levee damage using crack depth, crack width, and crest subsidence for 3318 levee segments each 50 m long. Variables considered for possible correlation to damage include peak ground velocity (PGV), geomorphology, groundwater elevation, and levee geometry. For site conditions beneath levees without geophysical measurements, a model for shear wave velocity is proposed considering soil type, penetration resistance, vertical effective stress, geomorphology, and spatial variation of boring-to-boring residuals. Seismic levee fragility is expressed as the probability of exceeding a damage level conditioned on PGV alone and PGV in combination with other variables. The probability of damage (at any level) monotonically increases from effectively zero for PGV

American Canyon Sanitary Landfill Operation Regulatory Permit Application, Napa County, California

Author : United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis American Canyon Sanitary Landfill Operation Regulatory Permit Application, Napa County, California by : United States. Army. Corps of Engineers

Download or read book American Canyon Sanitary Landfill Operation Regulatory Permit Application, Napa County, California written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Seismic Stability Evaluation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Levees

Author : California. Department of Water Resources
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (548 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Stability Evaluation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Levees by : California. Department of Water Resources

Download or read book Seismic Stability Evaluation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Levees written by California. Department of Water Resources and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines: Papers on water and sewer lifelines and special workshop presentations

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines: Papers on water and sewer lifelines and special workshop presentations by :

Download or read book Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines: Papers on water and sewer lifelines and special workshop presentations written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Levees and Dams

Author : Juan Lorenzo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030273679
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Levees and Dams by : Juan Lorenzo

Download or read book Levees and Dams written by Juan Lorenzo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to inform policy-makers, engineers and earth scientists about the current and emerging role of geophysics in addressing environmental processes, assessments, and policy directions related to new and existing dams and levees. Until now geophysics has concentrated on characterization and remediation of dams and levees, but now the field is changing our understanding on the influence of natural processes (e.g., floods, dissolution) and human activities in the design, and management of these structures. This monograph includes advances in the following fields of Dams and Levees studies: · New insights from small and mid-sized laboratory experiments· Integrated methods electromagnetic, seismic, potential methods· Inverse modeling approaches· Statistical considerations· Monitoring of processes attending aging structures · Hazard monitoring· Risk Analysis

Performance of a Levee System Built on Organic Soils in Suisun Marsh, California

Author : Stephen Lynn Kashiwada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance of a Levee System Built on Organic Soils in Suisun Marsh, California by : Stephen Lynn Kashiwada

Download or read book Performance of a Levee System Built on Organic Soils in Suisun Marsh, California written by Stephen Lynn Kashiwada and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Parametric System Identification and Seismic Performance Evaluation of Earth Dams During the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake

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Author : Hesham S. Sayed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis Parametric System Identification and Seismic Performance Evaluation of Earth Dams During the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake by : Hesham S. Sayed

Download or read book Parametric System Identification and Seismic Performance Evaluation of Earth Dams During the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake written by Hesham S. Sayed and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines by :

Download or read book Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Delta Levees Investigation

Author : California Dept of Water Resources
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781021503770
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Delta Levees Investigation by : California Dept of Water Resources

Download or read book Delta Levees Investigation written by California Dept of Water Resources and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on the state of California's levee system offers a comprehensive analysis of the risks posed by floods and other natural disasters. Drawing on decades of research and experience, this book provides an invaluable resource for anyone concerned with the safety and sustainability of our water infrastructure. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.