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Statewide Assessment Of Freshwater Mussels Bivalvia Unionidae In Iowa Streams
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Book Synopsis Statewide Assessment of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Iowa Streams by : Kelly Elizabeth Arbuckle
Download or read book Statewide Assessment of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Iowa Streams written by Kelly Elizabeth Arbuckle and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined freshwater mussel communities, population densities and recent impacts in Iowa, USA. Data collected from streams previously surveyed (1984-85) and from field surveys in this study (1998-99) were used to examine presence, absence, abundance and recent changes in presence/absence of mussel species at different spatial scales. Results indicate an association between mussel impacts and agricultural land use in separate analyses examining habitat characteristics at different spatial scales. Analysis of mussel species richness at 118 sites showed sharp declines in species richness over the past decade. Species richness declined most dramatically at sites having 50% riparian woodland along the stream length surveyed. At the watershed scale, species richness declined in watersheds where agricultural land use accounted for 25% of the total land area. Over 38 watersheds, we found that watershed mean mussel density and species richness were best correlated with average watershed slope (topographic relief) and presence of alluvial deposits. An analysis of the influence of riparian and instream characteristics on mussel species richness and population density at 200 sites surveyed in 1998-99 showed that stream shading (an effect of riparian woodland) had a significant positive effect on mussel density and mussel species richness. Mussel species richness was negatively correlated with agricultural nutrients, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The influence of landscape features on mussel communities is clear in each analysis: degradation of lands adjacent to freshwater ecosystems adversely impacts mussel habitat and the associated mussel communities. These results have important implications in the context of restoration and conservation efforts.
Book Synopsis The Emerald Horizon by : Cornelia F. Mutel
Download or read book The Emerald Horizon written by Cornelia F. Mutel and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 2008-03 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Emerald Horizon, Cornelia Mutel combines lyrical writing with meticulous scientific research to portray the environmental past, present, and future of Iowa. In doing so, she ties all of Iowa's natural features into one comprehensive whole. Since so much of the tallgrass state has been transformed into an agricultural landscape, Mutel focuses on understanding today’s natural environment by understanding yesterday’s changes. After summarizing the geological, archaeological, and ecological features that shaped Iowa’s modern landscape, she recreates the once-wild native communities that existed prior to Euroamerican settlement. Next she examines the dramatic changes that overtook native plant and animal communities as Iowa’s prairies, woodlands, and wetlands were transformed. Finally she presents realistic techniques for restoring native species and ecological processes as well as a broad variety of ways in which Iowans can reconnect with the natural world. Throughout, in addition to the many illustrations commissioned for this book, she offers careful scientific exposition, a strong sense of respect for the land, and encouragement to protect the future by learning from the past. The “emerald prairie” that “gleamed and shone to the horizon’s edge,” as botanist Thomas Macbride described it in 1895, has vanished. Cornelia Mutel’s passionate dedication to restoring this damaged landscape—and by extension the transformed landscape of the entire Corn Belt—invigorates her blend of natural history and human history. Believing that citizens who are knowledgeable about native species, communities, and ecological processes will better care for them, she gives us hope—and sound suggestions—for the future.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Freshwater Mussel (Unionidae) Distribution in the Volga River, Iowa by : Larry A. Reis
Download or read book Analysis of Freshwater Mussel (Unionidae) Distribution in the Volga River, Iowa written by Larry A. Reis and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of a Freshwater Mussel (mollusca: Bivalvia) Community in the Licking River, at Butler, Pendleton County, Kentucky by : Bryce Edward Daniels
Download or read book Assessment of a Freshwater Mussel (mollusca: Bivalvia) Community in the Licking River, at Butler, Pendleton County, Kentucky written by Bryce Edward Daniels and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to assess the current condition of the freshwater mussel (also called unionid) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) community in the Licking River at the State Route 177 bridge crossing in Butler, Pendleton County, Kentucky. A recent study indicated a drastic decline in the reproduction occurring in this historically diverse assemblage, evident through findings of few glochidia in stream drift and the absence of glochidial encystment on any of the fishes collected. An intensive community analysis provided information on the current size demography of the resident populations, and monitored the presence of species historically known from this site. It also provided evidence of juvenile recruitment and reproduction, through presence/absence of juveniles at the site and glochidia (mussel larvae) in drift net samples or encysted upon fishes. Results from this survey would be useful for future monitoring of this community, and would provide important information that can be used in comparison with other mussel assemblages for which various have been quantified. Land use practices that had been or are currently being employed upstream of the proposed study site were considered to better understand the point and nonpoint source pollution factors that might be influencing community changes. It was hypothesized that upstream land use practices were contributing to a previously documented decline of reproduction at this locality. Qualitative and quantitative searches yielded 27 extant unionid species within the area, and resulted in the discovery of juveniles of eight species, including two juveniles of the state and federally endangered fanshell, Cyprogenia stegaria. Quantitative sampling, consisting of substrate excavation of randomly selected 0.25 m2 plots yielded 130 individual unionids, representing 17 species, at a total density of approximately 4.3 unionids / m2. Calculations showed the most abundant species, the spike, Elliptio dilatata, to have had the highest importance value in the quantitavely sampled areas. Analysis of drift net samples yielded 159 unionid glochidia and 434 juvenile Corbicula fluminea, the exotic Asian clam, out of approximately 730 m3 of stream drift. Examination of 545 fishes collected from the site yielded 241 glochidia encysted on either gills or fins of 47 individual fish hosts, for an average of 5.13 glochidia per infected fish. Eight species of fish were represented by hosts bearing encysted glochidia. These eight species comprised 71.74% of all fishes collected. The emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides, was the most abundant fish from the three collections, bore the most glochidia, and had the highest prevalence of encystment. Twenty-seven emerald shiners were encysted with 195 unionid larvae; one individual was found bearing 105 glochidia encysted upon its gills. The dominant human influence in the lower Licking River drainage is agriculture, which has lead to a decrease of riparian buffer along a large proportion of the banks within the watershed, and has also allowed livestock access to the streams. The decrease of a riparian buffer and cattle access allows for more direct introduction of chemicals (i.e., pesticides and fertilizers), as well as decreases bank stability, which, in turn, leads to excessive sediment introduction. Such anthropogenic factors and large numbers of C. fluminea, have likely impacted the resident mussel fauna. Although this mussel community remains diverse, the lack of juvenile representation for all but eight species indicated a breakdown in a very important stage in the life history for the rest of the community. Recent reproduction was evident through the presence of glochidia encysted on host fishes and being broadcast into the water column; however, accurate recruitment patterns for resident populations could not be obtained without identification of the glochidia. The only definitive sign of a particular species having recently recruited new members was through the presence of juveniles in the quantitative and/or qualitative samples. These analyses provided baseline population data for each species which can be used in future monitoring of this biologically and historically significant site. There is a great need for future monitoring of such communities, so dynamics of the community can be more definitively recorded, and fluctuations in population structures can be analyzed. Compilations of long-term monitoring efforts on such diverse mussel communities should allow more accurate speculation, in comparison to watersheds with similar land uses, on the effects of such anthropogenic factors as point and nonpoint source pollutants on unionids. Better understanding of the impacts of these factors to natural communities should lead to better management strategies to ameliorate these impacts, conserving existing communities.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Freshwater Mussel Communities of Small Stream Mouths Along Lake Erie by : Trevor J. Prescott
Download or read book Assessment of Freshwater Mussel Communities of Small Stream Mouths Along Lake Erie written by Trevor J. Prescott and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Invasion of lakes and rivers by dreissenid mussels pushed out native species, particularly freshwater mussels in the Unionidae, across the northern hemisphere, and perhaps most infamously, within the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, several coastal areas along the shallowest of these lakes, Lake Erie, may be refugia for native species, but the conditions under which native species persist are unknown. I surveyed river mouths of small streams along the Lake Erie coastline and compared species abundance to land use assessed by remote sensing techniques and to standard measures of water chemistry. Sampling focused on stream zones influenced by lake-water levels for three streams each in the western and central basins of Lake Erie and in Sandusky Bay. Eight of the nine streams possessed mussels: Pyganodon grandis (7 streams), Toxolasma parvum (5 streams), Quadrula quadrula (5 streams), Lasmigona complanata (5 streams), Leptodea fragilis (4 streams), and Utterbackia imbecillus (2 streams), while Amblema plicata, Obliquaria reflexa and Uniomerus tetralasmus were found each in only one stream. Distinct bathymetric features did not affect diversity levels, although water chemistry may have reduced abundance in some streams and unionid abundance was positively correlated with turbidity. Regional land use altered species dominance, as streams within physiographic regions containing higher amounts of silt were dominated by Q. quadrula, while more mixed habitat was dominated by P. grandis. Because, river mouths are refugia for unionid mussels, these areas must return to or come under regulatory control to monitor habitat alteration, a process stopped in this region following the belief that dreissenid mussels had eradicated all species of interest.
Book Synopsis Survey of the Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Big Creek and Quantitative Evaluation of State Listed Mussel Species in Big and Graham Creeks by : Jeff L. Harmon
Download or read book Survey of the Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Big Creek and Quantitative Evaluation of State Listed Mussel Species in Big and Graham Creeks written by Jeff L. Harmon and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Book Synopsis Growth and Longevity of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with Application to Their Commercial Fisheries by : James Lee Anthony
Download or read book Growth and Longevity of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with Application to Their Commercial Fisheries written by James Lee Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater unionid mussels are one of the most rapidly declining components of North American freshwater biodiversity. Although they are of ecological and economic significance, we are faced with a considerable deficit in our knowledge of unionid life history and ecology. In particular, growth rates and longevity have been approached using erroneous techniques. Consequently, much of conventional management for these declining species may be inadequate. This thesis explores a new method for estimating age in unionid mussels. Through applying an inversion of the von Bertalanffy growth equation to mark and recapture-inferred growth rates, true ages of unionid mussels were estimated. Apparently, mussels may reach ages much older than previously expected. With ages that may exceed a century in some populations, freshwater mussels may be among the oldest living creatures in the world. The extreme age and slow growth of these bivalves may be, in part, at the root of their failure to support sustainable fisheries. Although freshwater mussel populations in the United States have been intensively exploited for various economic interests for over 100 years, harvests have been volatile and many mussel populations presently seem commercially unviable. The extreme age, slow growth, and reproductive ecology of these mollusks are compatible with an Allee effect whereby exploitation may rapidly lead to decreased per capita reproduction and even extinction. These aspects of mussel life history and reproductive ecology parallel those of many classically overexploited species and the Allee effect may be more common than previously expected in exploited populations.
Book Synopsis Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest by : Kevin S. Cummings
Download or read book Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest written by Kevin S. Cummings and published by ILlinois Natural History Survey. This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Community Structure of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Coastal Plain Streams of the Southeastern United States by : Jayne Brim Box
Download or read book Community Structure of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Coastal Plain Streams of the Southeastern United States written by Jayne Brim Box and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science by :
Download or read book The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee by : Paul Woodburn Parmalee
Download or read book The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee written by Paul Woodburn Parmalee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee . . . is indispensable to anyone, anywhere, working on this group. Parmalee and Bogan have written a work that sets the standard for future regional guides."--G. Thomas Watters, Ohio Biological Survey "The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee documents a tremendously diverse and unique mussel fauna that is rapidly being destroyed by modern development. Parmalee and Bogan set a new standard for state mussel surveys in their authoritative, thorough, and and highly readable account. The book will be of interest to biologists and conservationists worldwide and will appeal to anyone who cares about the preservation of natural resources in the southeastern United States."--Robert E. Warren, Illinois State Museum With more than 150 species and subspecies recorded in the state, Tennessee has one of the most diverse freshwater mussel faunas in North America. Valuable as indicators of water quality, these mollusks have themselves become threatened as development encroaches on habitat--twenty-three are currently listed as endangered species and at least twelve have become extinct. This is the first book for Tennessee to deal with this biologically and commercially significant group of mollusks. Its authors have been studying and writing about the mussels of Tennessee for more than twenty years and have undertaken a systematic organization of a large and complex body of information to bring order to a difficult field. The book traces the long history of human exploitation of mussels, from aboriginal food gathering to the growth of the cultured pearl industry. It provides an interpretive context for its exhaustive species accounts with background material on biology, distribution, economic utilization, taxonomy, and conservation issues. The authors also review the life cycle of the mussel and describe its many remarkable traits, such as its shell formation and the strategies it employs during the larval stage in parasitizing fish. The species accounts comprise 128 members of Family Unionidae--from pigtoes and pocketbooks to lilliputs and spikes--plus four additional species. The authors cover classification and synonymy, range and distribution, life history and ecology, and survival status. Particular attention is paid to shell description and structure to assist the reader in identification. Each species account includes a distribution map and color photos of two specimens. The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee is a major reference that encompasses historical and modern mussel collections and draws on conservation studies that span two centuries. It will stand as an authoritative guide to understanding Tennessee mollusks and as a benchmark in the study of these species worldwide. The Authors: Paul W. Parmalee is professor emeritus of zooarchaeology and director emeritus of the McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Arthur E. Bogan is curator of aquatic invertebrates at the North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh.
Book Synopsis North American Freshwater Mussels by : Wendell R. Haag
Download or read book North American Freshwater Mussels written by Wendell R. Haag and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizes the ecology and natural history of North American freshwater mussels for scientists, natural resource professionals, students and natural history enthusiasts.
Book Synopsis Rivers of North America by : Michael D. Delong
Download or read book Rivers of North America written by Michael D. Delong and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rivers of North America, Second Edition features new updates on rivers included in the first edition, as well as brand new information on additional rivers. This new edition expands the knowledge base, providing readers with a broader comparative approach to understand both the common and distinct attributes of river networks. The first edition addressed the three primary disciplines of river science: hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology. This new edition expands upon the interactive nature of these disciplines, showing how they define the organization of a riverine landscape and its processes. An essential resource for river scientists working in ecology, hydrology, and geomorphology. Provides a single source of information on North America’s major rivers Features authoritative information on more than 200 rivers from regional specialists Includes full-color photographs and topographical maps to illustrate the beauty, major features, and uniqueness of each river system Offers one-page summaries help readers quickly find key statistics and make comparisons among rivers
Book Synopsis Freshwater Mussel Propagation for Restoration by : Matthew A. Patterson
Download or read book Freshwater Mussel Propagation for Restoration written by Matthew A. Patterson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical, step-by-step guide to rearing freshwater mussels, one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world.
Book Synopsis Freshwater Mussels of Florida by : James D. Williams
Download or read book Freshwater Mussels of Florida written by James D. Williams and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Mussels of Florida is the only comprehensive, illustrated encyclopedia of all recorded species of mussels in the state of Florida.
Book Synopsis Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology by : Jerry L. Farris
Download or read book Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology written by Jerry L. Farris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the growing need for an aggressive yet conservative approach to evaluating mussel populations, Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology provides a collective review of the techniques and approaches for assessing contaminant impact on freshwater ecosystems. The editors incorporate coverage of research topics and management issues from a cross-section of scientists in the field. They explore current advances in general monitoring of population responses to stressors, fundamental concepts of ecotoxicology specific to burrowing bivalves, and useful insights that offer direction and priority for resolving specific problems challenging protection and conservation efforts. This book lays the groundwork with discussions of topics such as impact assessment, toxicokinetics, biomarkers, and pollution tolerance. The authors then explore fundamental concepts surrounding responses measured in freshwater bivalves as a consequence of chemical exposures or accumulated contaminants in target organs or tissues. They highlight the difficulties encountered with the laboratory culture of these organisms for toxicity testing or other controlled experiments, and examine the use of surrogate test organisms to relate sensitivities of response and reduce pressure on already impacted fauna. The book also reviews innovative field research using in situ bivalve toxicity testing, discusses effects-oriented tissue contaminant assessment, and concludes with threefour specific laboratory or combined field/laboratory ecotoxicology studies. A summary of methods from more than 75 laboratory toxicity studies conducted with freshwater mussels, the book provides an overview of a standardized method for conducting water-only acute and chronic laboratory toxicity tests with glochidia juvenile freshwater mussels. It focuses on studies that report measured contaminant treatments, had robust experimental designs, including replication of control and contaminant treatments, and were published in the peer-reviewed literature. The resulting array of viewpoints provides a framework that can be used to establish priorities in the rehabilitation and management of freshwater ecosystems.
