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Standard Test Method For Analysis Of Nitroaromatic And Nitramine Explosive In Soil By High Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Book Synopsis Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosive in Soil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography by :
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosive in Soil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC-ECD Comparison with HPLC by : Marianne E. Walsh
Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC-ECD Comparison with HPLC written by Marianne E. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analytical method for the determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives and Co-contaminants in water was developed based on SPE (solid-phase extraction) and GC-ECD (gas chromatograph-electron capture detector). Water samples are preconcentrated using either cartridge or membrane SPE followed by elution with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is compatible with both liquid and gas chromatography, thereby allowing direct comparison of concentration estimates obtained by different methods of determination. Quantitative GC analyses were obtained by using deactivated direct-injection-port liners, short wide-bore capillary columns. and high linear carrier gas velocities. Recoveries from spiked samples were 90% or greater for each of the nitroaromatics and nitrate esters, and greater than 70% for nitramines and amino-nitrotoluenes. Estimates of analyte concentrations in well-water extracts from military sites in the United States and Canada analyzed by GC-ECD and the standard HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method showed good agreement for the analytes most frequently detected (HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene). The GC method provides lower method detection limits for most analytes than HPLC, but accurate calibration is more difficult. The ultraviolet (UV) detector used for the HPLC analysis has much greater linear range than the ECD used for GC analysis. In addition. the GC instrumentation requires more care than the LC. Specifically the injection port liner must be changed frequently to maintain accurate determination of the nitramines. Because the sample preparation technique yields extracts that are compatible with both GC and HPLC analysis, confirmation of analyte presence can be obtained based on different physical properties.
Book Synopsis Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Soils Using GC-ECD by : Marianne E. Walsh
Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Soils Using GC-ECD written by Marianne E. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On-site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC-NPD by : Alan Dole Hewitt
Download or read book On-site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC-NPD written by Alan Dole Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC-ECD, Comparison with HPLC. by :
Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC-ECD, Comparison with HPLC. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analytical method for the determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives and Co-contaminants in water was developed based on SPE (solid-phase extraction) and GC-ECD (gas chromatograph-electron capture detector). Water samples are preconcentrated using either cartridge or membrane SPE followed by elution with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is compatible with both liquid and gas chromatography, thereby allowing direct comparison of concentration estimates obtained by different methods of determination. Quantitative GC analyses were obtained by using deactivated direct-injection-port liners, short wide-bore capillary columns. and high linear carrier gas velocities. Recoveries from spiked samples were 90% or greater for each of the nitroaromatics and nitrate esters, and greater than 70% for nitramines and amino-nitrotoluenes. Estimates of analyte concentrations in well-water extracts from military sites in the United States and Canada analyzed by GC-ECD and the standard HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method showed good agreement for the analytes most frequently detected (HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene). The GC method provides lower method detection limits for most analytes than HPLC, but accurate calibration is more difficult. The ultraviolet (UV) detector used for the HPLC analysis has much greater linear range than the ECD used for GC analysis. In addition. the GC instrumentation requires more care than the LC. Specifically the injection port liner must be changed frequently to maintain accurate determination of the nitramines. Because the sample preparation technique yields extracts that are compatible with both GC and HPLC analysis, confirmation of analyte presence can be obtained based on different physical properties.
Book Synopsis An Improved RP-HPLC (Reversed-Phase, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) Method for Determining Nitroaromatics and Nitramines in Water by : Thomas F. Jenkins
Download or read book An Improved RP-HPLC (Reversed-Phase, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) Method for Determining Nitroaromatics and Nitramines in Water written by Thomas F. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A protocol was developed for determining nitroaromatic and nitramine explosive by reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography on an LC-18 column. The method employs dilution of an aqueous sample 1:1 with methanol, filtration through a 0.5 micro meter Millex-Sr filter, separation on the LC-18 column using a 1:1 water-methanol eluent, and determination by UV-254 nm. A careful comparison was made with an earlier standard protocol, which uses separation on an LC-8 column with a 50:38:12 water-methanol-acetonitrile eluent. overall, the new procedure provides better separation for a wider range of analytes and equivalent recovery for all analytes tested. The new procedure is particularly effective at separating TNT from tetryl, and it allows analysis of water and soil extracts using a single column and eluent combination. Analytical methods, Contaminated soils, Explosives, High-performance liquid, Chromatography, Soils. (JES).
Book Synopsis Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Soils Using GC-ECD by : Marianne E. Walsh
Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Soils Using GC-ECD written by Marianne E. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives are analytes of interest for hazardous waste site characterization and land mine detection. Traditionally determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), these thermally labile analytes may be determined by gas chromatography (GC) by using direct injection into a deactivated liner and a short (6-m) wide-bore capillary column. Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and HPLC-ultraviolet (UV) concentration estimates of these compounds in field-contaminated soils from hazardous waste sites were compared, and excellent correlation (r > 0.97) was found between the two methods of analysis for the compounds most frequently detected: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). GC-ECD method detection limits (MDL) were about 1 micrograms/kg for the di- and trinitroaromatics, about 10 micrograms/kg for the mononitroaromatics, 3 micrograms/kg for RDX, 25 micrograms/kg for HMX, and between 10 and 40 micrograms/kg for the nitrate esters (NG and PETN).
Book Synopsis Highly Sensitive Screening Method for Nitroaromatic, Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography--Atmospheric Pressure Ionization--Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) in Forensic Applications by : X. Xu
Download or read book Highly Sensitive Screening Method for Nitroaromatic, Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography--Atmospheric Pressure Ionization--Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) in Forensic Applications written by X. Xu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A highly sensitive screening method based on high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) has been developed for the analysis of 21 nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitrate ester explosives, which include the explosives most commonly encountered in forensic science. Two atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), and various experimental conditions have been applied to allow for the detection of all 21 explosive compounds. The limit of detection (LOD) in the full-scan mode has been found to be 0.012-1.2 ng on column for the screening of most explosives investigated. For nitrobenzene, an LOD of 10 ng was found with the APCI method in the negative mode. Although the detection of nitrobenzene, 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrotoluene is hindered by the difficult ionization of these compounds, we have found that by forming an adduct with glycine, LOD values in the range of 3-16 ng on column can be achieved. Compared with previous screening methods with thermospray ionization, the API method has distinct advantages, including simplicity and stability of the method applied, an extended screening range and a low detection limit for the explosives studied.
Book Synopsis Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Soil Using GC-ECD. by :
Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic, Nitramine, and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Soil Using GC-ECD. written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives are analytes of interest for hazardous waste site characterization and land mine detection. Traditionally determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), these thermally labile analytes may be determined by gas chromatography (GC) by using direct injection into a deactivated liner and a short (6-m) wide-bore capillary column. Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and HPLC-ultraviolet (UV) concentration estimates of these compounds in field-contaminated soils from hazardous waste sites were compared, and excellent correlation (r> 0.97) was found between the two methods of analysis for the compounds most frequently detected: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). GC-ECD method detection limits (MDL) were about 1 micrograms/kg for the di- and trinitroaromatics, about 10 micrograms/kg for the mononitroaromatics, 3 micrograms/kg for RDX, 25 micrograms/kg for HMX, and between 10 and 40 micrograms/kg for the nitrate esters (NG and PETN).
Book Synopsis On-Site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC-NPD: Feasibility Study by :
Download or read book On-Site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC-NPD: Feasibility Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An on-site method has been developed for estimating concentrations of TNT, RDX, 2,4-DNT, and the two most commonly encountered environmental transformation products of TNT, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, in soil and groundwater using gas chromatography and the nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). Soil samples (20 g) are extracted by shaking with 20 mL of acetone, and extracts are filtered through a Millex SR (0.5-micrometers) filter. Groundwater samples (1 L) were passed through SDB-RPS extraction disks that were subsequently extracted with 5 mL of acetone. A 1-micro-L volume of a soil or water extract is manually injected into a field-transportable gas chromatograph equipped with a NPD and a heated injection port. Separations are conducted on a Restek Crossbond 100% dimethyl polysiloxane column, 6 m x 0.53-mm i.d., 1.5 mm, using nitrogen carrier gas at 9.5 mL/min. Retention times range from 3.0 min. for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) to 5.6 min. for 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene. Method detection limits were less than 0.16 mg/kg for soil and less than 1.0 microgram/L for groundwater. One of the major advantages of this method, over currently available colorimetric and enzyme immunoassay on-site methods, is the ability to quantify individual target analytes that often coexist in soils and groundwater contaminated with explosive residues. This method will be particularly useful at military antitank firing ranges where it is necessary to quantify residual concentrations of RDX in the presence of high concentrations of HMX, and when the transformation products of TNT need to be identified.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Heavy Oil Properties and Analysis by : James G. Speight
Download or read book Handbook of Heavy Oil Properties and Analysis written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Heavy Oil Properties and Analysis Understand the future of oil production with this comprehensive guide Heavy oil, also known as viscous oil, is oil too viscous to flow normally from wells and reservoirs. In recent decades it has become increasingly important as a source of liquid oil for use in industrial processes. This places all the greater importance on proper analysis of heavy oil and its properties, so that it can be more effectively refined and deployed to meet ever-growing energy needs. Handbook of Heavy Oil Properties and Analysis provides a comprehensive introduction to the analysis of viscous oil and its properties. It discusses the full range of tests and analytical procedures by which the behavior and refinability of viscous oil samples can be predicted and connects theoretical knowledge to refinery practice throughout. Additionally, its incorporation of the latest environmental regulations makes it an invaluable resource. Readers will also find: Detailed coverage of both physical properties and chemical composition of heavy oil An author more than fifty years of experience in the process industries Discussion of new methods for determining instability and incompatibility This book is a useful reference for scientists and engineers in the oil refining industries, chemists and researchers in heavy oil and adjacent industries, and government officials and regulators.
Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Practical Handbook of Soil, Vadose Zone, and Ground-Water Contamination by : J. Russell Boulding
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Soil, Vadose Zone, and Ground-Water Contamination written by J. Russell Boulding and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-17 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of years of interdisciplinary research and practice, the second edition of this bestseller continues to serve as a primary resource for information on the assessment, remediation, and control of contamination on and below the ground surface. Practical Handbook of Soil, Vadose Zone, and Ground-Water Contamination: Assessment, Prevention, and Remediation, Second Edition includes important new developments in site characterization and soil and ground water remediation that have appeared since 1995. Presented in an easy-to-read style, this book serves as a comprehensive guide for conducting complex site investigations and identifying methods for effective soil and ground water cleanup. Remediation engineers, ground water and soil scientists, regulatory personnel, researchers, and field investigators can access the latest data and summary tables to illustrate key advantages and disadvantages of various remediation methods.
Book Synopsis Annual Book of ASTM Standards by : ASTM International
Download or read book Annual Book of ASTM Standards written by ASTM International and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytical Methods for Determining Nitroguanidine in Soil and Water by : Marianne E. Walsh
Download or read book Analytical Methods for Determining Nitroguanidine in Soil and Water written by Marianne E. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Technology Handbook by : James G. Speight
Download or read book Environmental Technology Handbook written by James G. Speight and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the development of civilization has upset much of the earth’s ecosystem leading to air, land, and water pollution. The author defines pollution as the introduction of a foreign substance into an ecosystem via air, land or water. This book delves into issues that effect the everyday lives of people who come in contact with these hazards. By examining these issues, this body of work aims to stimulate debate and offer solutions to the ever-growing threat to the environment and humanity. Includes problems with each chapter, Explores issues such as control of gaseous emissions, waste recycling and waste disposal, Explains physical and thermal methods of waste management, Provides definitions and resources for future reference, Discusses the history of environmental technology.
Book Synopsis Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil by :
Download or read book Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to survey the current status of field sampling and on-site analytical methods for detecting and quantifying secondary explosives compounds in soils (Table 1). The paper also includes a brief discussion of EPA Method 8330 (EPA 1995), the reference analytical method for the determination of 14 explosives and co-contaminants in soil. This report is divided into the following major sections: introduction; background; an overview of sampling and analysis for explosives in soil; data quality objectives; unique sampling design considerations for explosives; procedures for statistically comparing on-site and reference analytical methods; a summary of on-site analytical methods; and a summary of the current EPA reference analytical method, Method 8330 (EPA 1995). Although some sections may be used independently, joint use of the field sampling and on-site analytical methods sections is recommended to develop a sampling and analytical approach that achieves project objectives.
