Stabilization of Kelvin-Voigt Damped Systems

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031125193
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Stabilization of Kelvin-Voigt Damped Systems by : Kaïs Ammari

Download or read book Stabilization of Kelvin-Voigt Damped Systems written by Kaïs Ammari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph examines the stability of various coupled systems with local Kelvin-Voigt damping. The development of this area is thoroughly reviewed along with the authors’ contributions. New results are featured on the fundamental properties of solutions of linear transmission evolution PDEs involving Kelvin-Voigt damping, with special emphasis on the asymptotic behavior of these solutions. The vibrations of transmission problems are highlighted as well, making this a valuable resource for those studying this active area of research. The book begins with a brief description of the abstract theory of linear evolution equations with a particular focus on semigroup theory. Different types of stability are also introduced along with their connection to resolvent estimates. After this foundation is established, different models are presented for uni-dimensional and multi-dimensional linear transmission evolution partial differential equations with Kelvin-Voigt damping. Stabilization of Kelvin-Voigt Damped Systems will be a useful reference for researchers in mechanics, particularly those interested in the study of control theory of PDEs.

Stabilization for Some Fractional-Evolution Systems

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031173430
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Stabilization for Some Fractional-Evolution Systems by : Kaïs Ammari

Download or read book Stabilization for Some Fractional-Evolution Systems written by Kaïs Ammari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-19 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief provides unified methods for the stabilization of some fractional evolution systems, nicely complementing existing literature on fractional calculus. The volume is divided into three chapters, the first of which considers the stabilization for some abstract evolution equations with a fractional damping, the second of which validates the abstract results of chapter 1 on concrete examples, and the third of which studies the stabilization of fractional evolution systems with memory.

Stability and Stabilization of Infinite Dimensional Systems with Applications

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447104196
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Stability and Stabilization of Infinite Dimensional Systems with Applications by : Zheng-Hua Luo

Download or read book Stability and Stabilization of Infinite Dimensional Systems with Applications written by Zheng-Hua Luo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on recent achievements in stability and feedback stabilization of infinite systems. In particular emphasis is placed on second order partial differential equations, such as Euler-Bernoulli beam equations, which arise from vibration control of flexible robots arms and large space structures. Various control methods such as sensor feedback control and dynamic boundary control are applied to stabilize the equations. Many new theorems and methods are included in the book. Proof procedures of existing theorems are simplified, and detailed proofs have been given to most theorems. New results on semigroups and their stability are presented, and readers can learn several useful techniques for solving practical engineering problems. Until now, the recently obtained research results included in this book were unavailable in one volume. This self-contained book is an invaluable source of information for all those who are familiar with some basic theorems of functional analysis.

Controller Design for Distributed Parameter Systems

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030349497
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Controller Design for Distributed Parameter Systems by : Kirsten A. Morris

Download or read book Controller Design for Distributed Parameter Systems written by Kirsten A. Morris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses controller and estimator design for systems that vary both spatially and in time: systems like fluid flow, acoustic noise and flexible structures. It includes coverage of the selection and placement of actuators and sensors for such distributed-parameter systems. The models for distributed parameter systems are coupled ordinary/partial differential equations. Approximations to the governing equations, often of very high order, are required and this complicates both controller design and optimization of the hardware locations. Control system and estimator performance depends not only on the controller/estimator design but also on the location of the hardware. In helping the reader choose the best location for actuators and sensors, the analysis provided in this book is crucial because neither intuition nor trial-and-error is foolproof, especially where multiple sensors and actuators are required, and moving hardware can be difficult and costly. The mechatronic approach advocated, in which controller design is integrated with actuator location, can lead to better performance without increased cost. Similarly, better estimation can be obtained with carefully placed sensors. The text shows how proper hardware placement varies depending on whether, disturbances are present, whether the response should be reduced to an initial condition or whether controllability and/or observability have to be optimized. This book is aimed at non-specialists interested in learning controller design for distributed-parameter systems and the material presented has been used for student teaching. The relevant basic systems theory is presented and followed by a description of controller synthesis using lumped approximations. Numerical algorithms useful for efficient implementation in real engineering systems and practical computational challenges are also described and discussed.

Mathematical and Computational Approaches in Advancing Modern Science and Engineering

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319303791
Total Pages : 777 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical and Computational Approaches in Advancing Modern Science and Engineering by : Jacques Bélair

Download or read book Mathematical and Computational Approaches in Advancing Modern Science and Engineering written by Jacques Bélair and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on five main groups of interdisciplinary problems, this book covers a wide range of topics in mathematical modeling, computational science and applied mathematics. It presents a wealth of new results in the development of modeling theories and methods, advancing diverse areas of applications and promoting interdisciplinary interactions between mathematicians, scientists, engineers and representatives from other disciplines. The book offers a valuable source of methods, ideas, and tools developed for a variety of disciplines, including the natural and social sciences, medicine, engineering, and technology. Original results are presented on both the fundamental and applied level, accompanied by an ample number of real-world problems and examples emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature and universality of mathematical modeling, and providing an excellent outline of today’s challenges. Mathematical modeling, with applied and computational methods and tools, plays a fundamental role in modern science and engineering. It provides a primary and ubiquitous tool in the context making new discoveries, as well as in the development of new theories and techniques for solving key problems arising in scientific and engineering applications. The contributions, which are the product of two highly successful meetings held jointly in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada on the main campus of Wilfrid Laurier University in June 2015, i.e. the International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Modeling and Computational Science, and the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Applied and Industrial Mathematics (CAIMS), make the book a valuable resource for any reader interested in a broader overview of the methods, ideas and tools involved in mathematical and computational approaches developed for other disciplines, including the natural and social sciences, engineering and technology.

Control and Inverse Problems

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031356756
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Control and Inverse Problems by : Kaïs Ammari

Download or read book Control and Inverse Problems written by Kaïs Ammari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a timely overview of control theory and inverse problems, and highlights recent advances in these active research areas. The chapters are based on talks given at the spring school "Control & Inverse Problems” held in Monastir, Tunisia in May 2022. In addition to providing a snapshot of these two areas, chapters also highlight breakthroughs on more specific topics, such as: Controllability of dynamical systems Information transfer in multiplier equations Nonparametric instrumental regression Control of chained systems The damped wave equation Control and Inverse Problems will be a valuable resource for both established researchers as well as more junior members of the community.

Nonconservative Stability Problems of Modern Physics

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110655403
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonconservative Stability Problems of Modern Physics by : Oleg N. Kirillov

Download or read book Nonconservative Stability Problems of Modern Physics written by Oleg N. Kirillov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated revision gives a complete and topical overview on Nonconservative Stability which is essential for many areas of science and technology ranging from particles trapping in optical tweezers and dynamics of subcellular structures to dissipative and radiative instabilities in fluid mechanics, astrophysics and celestial mechanics. The author presents relevant mathematical concepts as well as rigorous stability results and numerous classical and contemporary examples from non-conservative mechanics and non-Hermitian physics. New coverage of ponderomotive magnetism, experimental detection of Ziegler’s destabilization phenomenon and theory of double-diffusive instabilities in magnetohydrodynamics.

Perspectives in Dynamical Systems III: Control and Stability

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030773140
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives in Dynamical Systems III: Control and Stability by : Jan Awrejcewicz

Download or read book Perspectives in Dynamical Systems III: Control and Stability written by Jan Awrejcewicz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is part of collection of contributions devoted to analytical and experimental techniques of dynamical systems, presented at the 15th International Conference “Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications”, held in Łódź, Poland on December 2-5, 2019. The wide selection of material has been divided into three volumes, each focusing on a different field of applications of dynamical systems. The broadly outlined focus of both the conference and these books includes bifurcations and chaos in dynamical systems, asymptotic methods in nonlinear dynamics, dynamics in life sciences and bioengineering, original numerical methods of vibration analysis, control in dynamical systems, optimization problems in applied sciences, stability of dynamical systems, experimental and industrial studies, vibrations of lumped and continuous systems, non-smooth systems, engineering systems and differential equations, mathematical approaches to dynamical systems, and mechatronics.

Vibrations

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108427316
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Vibrations by : Balakumar Balachandran

Download or read book Vibrations written by Balakumar Balachandran and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to the modeling, analysis, design, measurement and real-world applications of vibrations, with online interactive graphics.

Control and Estimation in Distributed Parameter Systems

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Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 9781611970982
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Control and Estimation in Distributed Parameter Systems by : H. T. Banks

Download or read book Control and Estimation in Distributed Parameter Systems written by H. T. Banks and published by SIAM. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in control and estimation of distributed parameter systems encompasses a wide range of applications including both fundamental science and emerging technologies. The latter include smart materials (piezoceramics, shape memory alloys, magnetostrictives, electrorheological fluids) fabrication and testing, design of high-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactors for production of microelectronic surfaces (e.g., semiconductors), while the former include groundwater contamination cleanup and other environmental modeling questions, climatology, flow control, and fluid-structure interactions as well as more traditional topics in biology, mechanics, and acoustics. These expository papers provide substantial stimulus to both young researchers and experienced investigators in control theory. Includes a comprehensive and lucid presentation that relates frequency domain techniques to state-space or time domain approaches for infinite-dimensional systems including design of robust stabilizing and finite-dimensional controllers for infinite-dimensional systems. It focuses on these two approaches to control design in an integrated system theoretic framework. This is excellent reading for researchers in both the frequency domain and time domain control communities. In other articles, topics considered include pointwise control of distributed parameter systems, bounded and unbounded sensors and actuators, stabilization issues for large flexible structures, and an overview discussion of damping models for flexible structures.

Identification and Control: Some New Challenges

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Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470455471
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification and Control: Some New Challenges by : Kaïs Ammari

Download or read book Identification and Control: Some New Challenges written by Kaïs Ammari and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the Summer School on Identification and Control: some challenges, held from June 18–20, 2019, in Monastir, Tunisia. The articles cover new developments in control theory and inverse problems. First, the problem of Calderón, which consists of determining a conductivity appearing in an elliptic equation from excitation and measurements on a part of the boundary of the domain, is studied. Second, an introduction to the mathematical analysis of inverse spectral problems of Borg-Levinson type is presented. Third, the control of multi-component systems of wave equations, focusing on the notion of simultaneous control (using the same control scheme in all components of the system at hand) and indirect control (using a single control for a system consisting of two components), is presented. Last, the study of the cost of control for parabolic systems, the finite time stabilization of hyperbolic control systems by boundary feedback laws, and image reconstruction by data assimilation are addressed.

Mathematical Control of Coupled PDEs

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Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 0898714869
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Control of Coupled PDEs by : Irena Lasiecka

Download or read book Mathematical Control of Coupled PDEs written by Irena Lasiecka and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrates on systems of hyperbolic and parabolic coupled PDEs that are nonlinear, solve three key problems.

Operator Algebras, Operator Theory and Applications

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034601743
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Operator Algebras, Operator Theory and Applications by : J. J. Grobler

Download or read book Operator Algebras, Operator Theory and Applications written by J. J. Grobler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-24 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the eighteenth International Workshop on Operator Theory and Applications (IWOTA), hosted by the Unit for Business Mathematics and Informatics of North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa from July 3 to 6, 2007. The conference (as well as these proceedings) was dedicated to Professors Joseph A. Ball and Marinus M. Kaashoek on the occasion of their 60th and 70th birthdays, respectively. This conference had a particular focus on Von Neumann algebras at the interface of operator theory with functional analysis and on applications of operator theory to differential equations.

Fluid-Structure Interactions

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973139
Total Pages : 885 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluid-Structure Interactions by : Michael P. Paidoussis

Download or read book Fluid-Structure Interactions written by Michael P. Paidoussis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-07 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of two books concentrating on the dynamics of slender bodies within or containing axial flow, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Volume 1 covers the fundamentals and mechanisms giving rise to flow-induced vibration, with a particular focus on the challenges associated with pipes conveying fluid. This volume has been thoroughly updated to reference the latest developments in the field, with a continued emphasis on the understanding of dynamical behaviour and analytical methods needed to provide long-term solutions and validate the latest computational methods and codes. In this edition, Chapter 7 from Volume 2 has also been moved to Volume 1, meaning that Volume 1 now mainly treats the dynamics of systems subjected to internal flow, whereas in Volume 2 the axial flow is in most cases external to the flow or annular. - Provides an in-depth review of an extensive range of fluid-structure interaction topics, with detailed real-world examples and thorough referencing throughout for additional detail - Organized by structure and problem type, allowing you to dip into the sections that are relevant to the particular problem you are facing, with numerous appendices containing the equations relevant to specific problems - Supports development of long-term solutions by focusing on the fundamentals and mechanisms needed to understand underlying causes and operating conditions under which apparent solutions might not prove effective

Structural Optimization Under Stability and Vibration Constraints

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3709129699
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Optimization Under Stability and Vibration Constraints by : M. Zyczkowski

Download or read book Structural Optimization Under Stability and Vibration Constraints written by M. Zyczkowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-04 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimal design of structures leads, as a rule, to slender and thin-walled shapes of the elements, and such elements are subject to the loss of stability. Hence the constraints of structural optimization usually include stability constraints, expressed by some eigenvalues. Optimal design under vibration constraints belongs also to optimization with respect to eigenvalues. The present volume gives a short introduction to structural optimization and then pays particular attention to multimodal optimization under stability and vibration constraints, both in elastic and inelastic range. One part is devoted to thin-walled bars optimized for interactive buckling with imperfections taken into account. The volume is of interest both to researchers and design engineers: it covers the most recent results of multimodal and interactive optimization, allowing for inelastic behaviour of structures, and the constraints discussed appear in almost all problems of engineering design.

Issues in Logic, Operations, and Computational Mathematics and Geometry: 2013 Edition

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Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1490107495
Total Pages : 1227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues in Logic, Operations, and Computational Mathematics and Geometry: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Logic, Operations, and Computational Mathematics and Geometry: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 1227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Logic, Operations, and Computational Mathematics and Geometry: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Random Structures and Algorithms. The editors have built Issues in Logic, Operations, and Computational Mathematics and Geometry: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Random Structures and Algorithms in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Logic, Operations, and Computational Mathematics and Geometry: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Nonlinear Physical Systems

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111857754X
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonlinear Physical Systems by : Oleg N. Kirillov

Download or read book Nonlinear Physical Systems written by Oleg N. Kirillov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together 18 chapters written by leading experts in dynamical systems, operator theory, partial differential equations, and solid and fluid mechanics, this book presents state-of-the-art approaches to a wide spectrum of new and challenging stability problems. Nonlinear Physical Systems: Spectral Analysis, Stability and Bifurcations focuses on problems of spectral analysis, stability and bifurcations arising in the nonlinear partial differential equations of modern physics. Bifurcations and stability of solitary waves, geometrical optics stability analysis in hydro- and magnetohydrodynamics, and dissipation-induced instabilities are treated with the use of the theory of Krein and Pontryagin space, index theory, the theory of multi-parameter eigenvalue problems and modern asymptotic and perturbative approaches. Each chapter contains mechanical and physical examples, and the combination of advanced material and more tutorial elements makes this book attractive for both experts and non-specialists keen to expand their knowledge on modern methods and trends in stability theory. Contents 1. Surprising Instabilities of Simple Elastic Structures, Davide Bigoni, Diego Misseroni, Giovanni Noselli and Daniele Zaccaria. 2. WKB Solutions Near an Unstable Equilibrium and Applications, Jean-François Bony, Setsuro Fujiié, Thierry Ramond and Maher Zerzeri, partially supported by French ANR project NOSEVOL. 3. The Sign Exchange Bifurcation in a Family of Linear Hamiltonian Systems, Richard Cushman, Johnathan Robbins and Dimitrii Sadovskii. 4. Dissipation Effect on Local and Global Fluid-Elastic Instabilities, Olivier Doaré. 5. Tunneling, Librations and Normal Forms in a Quantum Double Well with a Magnetic Field, Sergey Yu. Dobrokhotov and Anatoly Yu. Anikin. 6. Stability of Dipole Gap Solitons in Two-Dimensional Lattice Potentials, Nir Dror and Boris A. Malomed. 7. Representation of Wave Energy of a Rotating Flow in Terms of the Dispersion Relation, Yasuhide Fukumoto, Makoto Hirota and Youichi Mie. 8. Determining the Stability Domain of Perturbed Four-Dimensional Systems in 1:1 Resonance, Igor Hoveijn and Oleg N. Kirillov. 9. Index Theorems for Polynomial Pencils, Richard Kollár and Radomír Bosák. 10. Investigating Stability and Finding New Solutions in Conservative Fluid Flows Through Bifurcation Approaches, Paolo Luzzatto-Fegiz and Charles H.K. Williamson. 11. Evolution Equations for Finite Amplitude Waves in Parallel Shear Flows, Sherwin A. Maslowe. 12. Continuum Hamiltonian Hopf Bifurcation I, Philip J. Morrison and George I. Hagstrom. 13. Continuum Hamiltonian Hopf Bifurcation II, George I. Hagstrom and Philip J. Morrison. 14. Energy Stability Analysis for a Hybrid Fluid-Kinetic Plasma Model, Philip J. Morrison, Emanuele Tassi and Cesare Tronci. 15. Accurate Estimates for the Exponential Decay of Semigroups with Non-Self-Adjoint Generators, Francis Nier. 16. Stability Optimization for Polynomials and Matrices, Michael L. Overton. 17. Spectral Stability of Nonlinear Waves in KdV-Type Evolution Equations, Dmitry E. Pelinovsky. 18. Unfreezing Casimir Invariants: Singular Perturbations Giving Rise to Forbidden Instabilities, Zensho Yoshida and Philip J. Morrison. About the Authors Oleg N. Kirillov has been a Research Fellow at the Magneto-Hydrodynamics Division of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf in Germany since 2011. His research interests include non-conservative stability problems of structural mechanics and physics, perturbation theory of non-self-adjoint boundary eigenvalue problems, magnetohydrodynamics, friction-induced oscillations, dissipation-induced instabilities and non-Hermitian problems of optics and microwave physics. Since 2013 he has served as an Associate Editor for the journal Frontiers in Mathematical Physics. Dmitry E. Pelinovsky has been Professor at McMaster University in Canada since 2000. His research profile includes work with nonlinear partial differential equations, discrete dynamical systems, spectral theory, integrable systems, and numerical analysis. He served as the guest editor of the special issue of the journals Chaos in 2005 and Applicable Analysis in 2010. He is an Associate Editor of the journal Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulations. This book is devoted to the problems of spectral analysis, stability and bifurcations arising from the nonlinear partial differential equations of modern physics. Leading experts in dynamical systems, operator theory, partial differential equations, and solid and fluid mechanics present state-of-the-art approaches to a wide spectrum of new challenging stability problems. Bifurcations and stability of solitary waves, geometrical optics stability analysis in hydro- and magnetohydrodynamics and dissipation-induced instabilities will be treated with the use of the theory of Krein and Pontryagin space, index theory, the theory of multi-parameter eigenvalue problems and modern asymptotic and perturbative approaches. All chapters contain mechanical and physical examples and combine both tutorial and advanced sections, making them attractive both to experts in the field and non-specialists interested in knowing more about modern methods and trends in stability theory.