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Ss Cell Stimulus Secretion Coupling Microform A Role For Uncoupling Protein 2
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Author :Jamie W. (Jamie William) Joseph Publisher :Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISBN 13 :9780612944947 Total Pages :560 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (449 download)
Book Synopsis ß-cell Stimulus-secretion Coupling [microform] : a Role for Uncoupling Protein 2 by : Jamie W. (Jamie William) Joseph
Download or read book ß-cell Stimulus-secretion Coupling [microform] : a Role for Uncoupling Protein 2 written by Jamie W. (Jamie William) Joseph and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key event in insulin secretion from the pancreatic P-cell is glucose-stimulated mitochondrial production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and plays a role as a "typical" uncoupler that modulates the efficiency of ATP production by catalyzing the translocation of protons across the mitochondrial membrane. This uncoupling reduces the protonmotive force that drives ATP synthase activity and thus reduces the ability of the beta-cell to increase ATP levels in response to glucose. The work presented here focuses on the role of UCP2 in the pancreatic beta-cell and the involvement of UCP2 in free fatty acid (FFA) induced beta-cell defects leading to type 2 diabetes. UCP2 was found to negatively regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). UCP2 expression is increased by FFAs suggesting a possible causal link between UCP2 and beta-cell defects associated with elevated FFA. Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) have elevated UCP2 protein levels and blunted GSIS with no compensatory increase in beta-cell mass. Mice lacking UCP2 are resistant to the effects of a HFD on beta-cell function. HFD fed UCP2 ( -/- ) mice show no loss in GSIS and have an increase beta-cell mass. In order to assess the mechanism of enhanced beta-cell insulin secretion in mice lacking UCP2 an in vitro model was developed where isolated islets were exposed to 0.4 mM palmitate for 48 hours. The most proximal consequence of palmitate induced UCP2 levels appears to decrease glucose-stimulated changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and this diminishes the downstream glucose-stimulated increase in both the ATP/ADP ratio and cytosolic Ca 2+. This leads to an attenuation of GSIS. UCP2 ( -/- ) mice have no loss in beta-cell glucose-stimulated hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and maintain their ability to secrete insulin in a glucose-dependent fashion. Therefore HFD fed mice or palmitate exposed islets lose their glucose sensitivity by a mechanism that likely involves increased UCP2. In addition, UCP2 may also modulate the oscillatory pattern of ATP production and thus oscillations in KATP channel activity, plasma membrane potential and insulin secretion. UCP2 is an important regulator of glucose sensing in the pancreatic beta-cell and upregulation of UCP2 in the pre-diabetic state could contribute to the loss of glucose responsiveness observed in obesity-related type 2 diabetes.
Book Synopsis Plant Electrophysiology by : Alexander G. Volkov
Download or read book Plant Electrophysiology written by Alexander G. Volkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles new findings in plant electrophysiology from the work of internationally renowned experts in the fields of electrophysiology, bio-electrochemistry, biophysics, signal transduction, phloem transport, tropisms, ion channels, plant electrochemistry, and membrane transport. Opening with a historical introduction, the book reviews methods in plant electrophysiology, introducing such topics as measuring membrane potentials and ion fluxes, path-clamp technique, and electrochemical sensors. The coverage includes experimental results and their theoretical interpretation.
Book Synopsis Histone Deacetylases: the Biology and Clinical Implication by : Tso-Pang Yao
Download or read book Histone Deacetylases: the Biology and Clinical Implication written by Tso-Pang Yao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights work from many different labs that taught us abnormal HDACs potentially contribute to the development or progression of many human diseases including immune dysfunctions, heart disease, cancer, memory impairment, aging, and metabolic disorders.
Book Synopsis Transgenic Models in Pharmacology by : Lutz Hein
Download or read book Transgenic Models in Pharmacology written by Lutz Hein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-10 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information on animal models generated by transgenic or gene targeting techniques. Naturally, the focus is on the mouse system. Each chapter has been written by leading experts in the field and gives an overview on existing animal models. This is facilitated by tables, which list the most important genetically engineered animal models and their phenotypes. This book aims at illustrating the impact of transgenic animal models in the field of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, which includes their role in the understanding of basic cellular mechanisms, the evaluation of potential drug targets or the testing for drug effects.
Book Synopsis Basophil and Mast Cell Degranulation and Recovery by : Ann M. Dvorak
Download or read book Basophil and Mast Cell Degranulation and Recovery written by Ann M. Dvorak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-08-31 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basophils and mast cells are similar but unique secretory cells with a well-documented role in immediate-hypersensitivity reactions. The presence of these cells in various cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions, in tissues of multiple diseases, and as a component of the host reaction to injury and repair in numerous circumstances is well known. Release of stored and newly generated mediators of inflammation from basophils and mast cells contributes to the cascade of pathogenetic events in circumstances under which these release reactions occur. Despite insights acquired through studies of these pathologic events, the role of basophils and mast cells and their secretory products in health is not known. In this book, I review much of the structural information regarding basophils and mast cells of multiple species. Ultrastructural studies of rat mast cells historically precede and quantitatively exceed similar studies of basophils and mast cells of other species. Therefore, I first review these background studies as an entity. Then I discuss the contents of two prominent organelles-granules and lipid bodies-in basophils and mast cells of several species. The ultrastructural morphology of basophils and mast cells in three species is presented in detail to establish appropriate guidelines for their recognition and to provide general rules for analysis which are appropriate for the identification of these cells in other species as well.
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology by : Lorenzo Lamattina
Download or read book Nitric Oxide in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology written by Lorenzo Lamattina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent advances in the study of nitric oxide (NO) biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology in plants. It provides an overview of current understanding of the NO actions involved in adaptive responses of plant fitness to environmental constraints. Coverage places special emphasis on NO-dependent signaling, molecular adjustments, and targets as key elements in plant growth, development, and stress physiology.
Book Synopsis Cellular And Molecular Biology For Human by : S.S. Guraya
Download or read book Cellular And Molecular Biology For Human written by S.S. Guraya and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2007-12 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes and integrates the results obtained on the study ovarian components with the techniques like electron microscopy and histochemistry in order to provide an insight into the basic subcellular, and molecular aspects of human primordial follicles, oogenesis (oocyte growth and maturation), ovulation, fertilization and early embryogenesis.
Book Synopsis Bacterial and Eukaryotic Porins by : Roland Benz
Download or read book Bacterial and Eukaryotic Porins written by Roland Benz and published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, current knowledge on this important of proteins is now available in a single resource. This first book on porins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes relates the known physiological functions of porins to their molecular structure and mechanism. It brings together biophysical evidence with studies performed in a cellular context, presenting a unified picture of the fundamental importance of porins for cellular function. From the contents: Structure of Prokaryotic Porins Functional Reconstitution of Porins Regulation of Bacterial Porin Function Role of Porins in Antibiotic Susceptibility Drug Efflux and Protein Export through Porins Structure and Function of Mitochondrial Porins VDAC Function in Intracellular Signalling and Apoptosis With 16 contributions by an interdisciplinary team of leading porin researchers, this reference is essential reading for every molecular or structural biologist with an interest in this important protein family.
Book Synopsis Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates by : Mogens L. Glass
Download or read book Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates written by Mogens L. Glass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hopefully, this book will be taken off of the shelf frequently to be studied carefully over many years. More than 40 researchers were involved in this project, which examines respiration, circulation, and metabolism from ?sh to the land vertebrates, including human beings. A breathable and stable atmosphere ?rst appeared about 500 million years ago. Oxygen levels are not stable in aquatic environments and exclusively water-breathing ?sh must still cope with the ever-changing levels of O 2 and with large temperature changes. This is re?ected in their sophisticated count- current systems, with high O extraction and internal and external O receptors. 2 2 The conquest for the terrestrial environment took place in the late Devonian period (355–359 million years ago), and recent discoveries portray the gradual transitional evolution of land vertebrates. The oxygen-rich and relatively stable atmospheric conditionsimpliedthatoxygen-sensingmechanismswererelativelysimpleandl- gain compared with acid–base regulation. Recently, physiology has expanded into related ?elds such as biochemistry, molecular biology, morphology and anatomy. In the light of the work in these ?elds, the introduction of DNA-based cladograms, which can be used to evaluate the likelihood of land vertebrates and lung?sh as a sister group, could explain why their cardio-respiratory control systems are similar. The diffusing capacity of a duck lung is 40 times higher than that of a toad or lung?sh. Certainly, some animals have evolved to rich high-performance levels.
Book Synopsis Molecular Genetics of Recombination by : Andrés Aguilera
Download or read book Molecular Genetics of Recombination written by Andrés Aguilera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-24 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work offers a fascinating insight into a crucial genetic process. Recombination is, quite simply, one of the most important topics in contemporary biology. This book is a totally comprehensive treatment of the subject, summarizing all existing views on the topic and at the same time putting them into context. It provides in-depth and up-to-date analysis of the chapter topics, and has been written by international experts in the field.
Download or read book Progress in Botany written by K. Esser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-11-12 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, and vegetation science.
Book Synopsis Toxic Plant Proteins by : J. Michael Lord
Download or read book Toxic Plant Proteins written by J. Michael Lord and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many plants produce enzymes collectively known as ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). RIPs catalyze the removal of an adenine residue from a conserved loop in the large ribosomal RNA. The adenine residue removed by this depurination is crucial for the binding of elongation factors. Ribosomes modified in this way are no longer able to carry out protein synthesis. Most RIPs exist as single polypeptides (Type 1 RIPs) which are largely non-toxic to mammalian cells because they are unable to enter them and thus cannot reach their ribosomal substrate. In some instances, however, the RIP forms part of a heterodimer where its partner polypeptide is a lectin (Type 2 RIPs). These heterodimeric RIPs are able to bind to and enter mammalian cells. Their ability to reach and modify ribosomes in target cells means these proteins are some of the most potently cytotoxic poisons found in nature, and are widely assumed to play a protective role as part of the host plant’s defenses. RIPs are able to further damage target cells by inducing apoptosis. In addition, certain plants produce lectins lacking an RIP component but which are also cytotoxic. This book focuses on the structure/function and some potential applications of these toxic plant proteins.
Book Synopsis Dorland's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations E-Book by : Dorland
Download or read book Dorland's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations E-Book written by Dorland and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical acronyms and abbreviations offer convenience, but those countless shortcuts can often be confusing. Now a part of the popular Dorland’s suite of products, this reference features thousands of terms from across various medical specialties. Its alphabetical arrangement makes for quick reference, and expanded coverage of symbols ensures they are easier to find. Effective communication plays an important role in all medical settings, so turn to this trusted volume for nearly any medical abbreviation you might encounter. Symbols section makes it easier to locate unusual or seldom-used symbols. Convenient alphabetical format allows you to find the entry you need more intuitively. More than 90,000 entries and definitions. Many new and updated entries including terminology in expanding specialties, such as Nursing; Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapies; Transcription and Coding; Computer and Technical Fields. New section on abbreviations to avoid, including Joint Commission abbreviations that are not to be used. Incorporates updates suggested by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP).
Book Synopsis Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology by : Karl-Hermann Neumann
Download or read book Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology written by Karl-Hermann Neumann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-28 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a general introduction as well as a selected survey of key advances in the fascinating field of plant cell and tissue culture as a tool in biotechnology. After a detailed description of the various basic techniques employed in leading laboratories worldwide, follows an extended account of important applications in, for example, plant propagation, secondary metabolite production and gene technology. Additionally, some chapters are devoted to historical developments in this domain, metabolic aspects, nutrition, growth regulators, differentiation and the development of culture systems. The book will prove useful to both newcomers and specialists, and even “old hands” in tissue culture should find some challenging ideas to think about.
Book Synopsis Oxygen Transfer from Atmosphere to Tissues by : Noberto C. Gonzalez
Download or read book Oxygen Transfer from Atmosphere to Tissues written by Noberto C. Gonzalez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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