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Author : Emil Klimo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Spruce Monocultures in Central Europe written by Emil Klimo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robin Bourke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Under Storm Risk, Economic Productivity of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) H. Karst) in Monoculture Shows Sharper Decline Than in Mixture with European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) written by Robin Bourke and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Key message By calibrating and validating a forest growth model for seven species in Germany and coupling it with a wind damage simulator, we specifically estimated the impact of wind damage on the net present value of Norway spruce and European beech in mixture and monoculture. Under risk, the net present value of spruce managements saw the sharpest declines, although the highest end net present value was still obtained through a heavily thinned spruce monoculture. Context Wind damage is one of the most important risks to Central European forests, and adaptation measures are essential. Aim Adaptive management strategies should simultaneously account for forest production and wind risk. We simulated the effect of adaptive measures on wind-risk in German forests. Methods A process-based forest growth model, "3-PG Mix", was recalibrated and coupled with the storm damage risk model "Lothar". We investigated the effect of thinning regimes on wind risk in monoculture and mixed species stands. The net present value of the simulated regimes was calculated and compared (risk vs. no risk). Results Spruce regimes achieved the highest net present values when risk was not considered. Considering risk in spruce and beech mixtures and monoculture, all regimes reached values below 3000 € ha−1 by year 120. The exception was a heavily thinned spruce monoculture at 4507 € ha−1, being the most profitable regime under risk. Conclusion We conclude, on the basis of this modelling study, that heavy thinning reduced storm risk and maintained a higher net present value in spruce. Species mixture of beech and spruce saw net present values levels remain more constant under risk, while beech monoculture increased
Author : Heinrich Spiecker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Norway Spruce Conversion - Options and Consequences written by Heinrich Spiecker and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to the end of the 19th century, many European forests suffered from devastation and soil deterioration, which caused fears of timber shortage. In order to counteract this possible shortage, many forest areas were reforested with coniferous tree species, especially Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst). Consequently, coniferous forests (often Norway spruce forests), consisting of trees of the same age, were established on many sites naturally dominated by broadleaves. As a result, damages caused by storm, snow, ice, drought, insects, fungi and possibly soil degradation seemed to occur more frequently in these secondary Norway spruce forests than in forests consisting of species better adapted to the ambient conditions. Conversion of Norway spruce stands may reduce these risks and upgrade biodiversity and the genetic potential of forests. As the economic results of forestry, future wood markets and various other goods and services that are provided to society by forest ecosystems, are affected by present and future decision-making, all aspects of conversion must be well understood. EFI's Regional Project Centre, CONFOREST, is continuously striving to improve implementation of conversion projects by consolidation of the expertise available in all forestry disciplines. This book comprises the findings in all conversion-related areas aiming to consider ecosystem needs while ensuring availability of silvicultural methods and operational feasibility of their implementation. Simultaneously, the cost-effectiveness of conversion scenarios is analysed by forestry economists. Since a change in public perception and ecological awareness may cause policy makers to either or not endorse further conversion efforts, input by experts in forestry politics is also provided.
Author : Mark G. Tjoelker
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789048172092
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce written by Mark G. Tjoelker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise and comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and management of Norway spruce. Written by 25 experts in the field, and richly illustrated, it integrates classic and contemporary literature. More than 2000 works are cited in the text, which highlights basic research and forestry practices in central and Eastern Europe. The huge range of topics covered includes the species’ morphology, its physiology and nutrition, and its ecology.
Author : Christoph Leuschner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319430424
Total Pages : 998 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Ecology of Central European Forests written by Christoph Leuschner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook in two volumes synthesises our knowledge about the ecology of Central Europe’s plant cover with its 7000-yr history of human impact, covering Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia. Based on a thorough literature review with 5500 cited references and nearly 1000 figures and tables, the two books review in 26 chapters all major natural and man-made vegetation types with their climatic and edaphic influences, the structure and dynamics of their communities, the ecophysiology of important plant species, and key aspects of ecosystem functioning. Volume I deals with the forests and scrub vegetation and analyses the ecology of Central Europe’s tree flora, whilst Volume II is dedicated to the non-forest vegetation covering mires, grasslands, heaths, alpine habitats and urban vegetation. The consequences of over-use, pollution and recent climate change over the last century are explored and conservation issues addressed.
Author : Mary B. Adams
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461229065
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States written by Mary B. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s there were several published reports of recent, unexplained increases in mortality of red spruce in the Adirondack Mountains and the northern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. These reports coincided with documentation of reductions in radial growth of several species of pine in the southeastern United States, and with the severe, rapid, and widespread decline of Norway spruce, silver fir, and some hardwoods in central Europe. In all of these instances, atmospheric deposition was hypothesized as the cause of the decline. (Throughout this volume, we use the term "decline" to refer to a loosely synchronized regional-scale deterioration of tree health which is brought about by a combination of stress factors. These may be biotic or abiotic in nature, and the combinations may differ from site to site. ) Heated public debate about the causes and possible cures for these forest declines ensued. Through the course of this debate, it became clear that information about forest health and air pollution effects on forests was inadequate to meet policymakers' needs. Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States addresses that gap for eastern spruce fir forests and represents the culmination of a great deal of research conducted in recent years. The focus is on red spruce because the decline of red spruce was both dramatic and inexplicable and because of the great amount of information gathered on red spruce.
Author : International union of forest research organizations. 2.02.11 - Norway spruce breeding and genetic resources
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (78 download)
Download or read book Norway Spruce in the Conservation of Forest Ecosystems in Europe written by International union of forest research organizations. 2.02.11 - Norway spruce breeding and genetic resources and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John A. Parrotta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400721447
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge written by John A. Parrotta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-14 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring a topic of vital and ongoing importance, Traditional Forest Knowledge examines the history, current status and trends in the development and application of traditional forest knowledge by local and indigenous communities worldwide. It considers the interplay between traditional beliefs and practices and formal forest science and interrogates the often uneasy relationship between these different knowledge systems. The contents also highlight efforts to conserve and promote traditional forest management practices that balance the environmental, economic and social objectives of forest management. It places these efforts in the context of recent trends towards the devolution of forest management authority in many parts of the world. The book includes regional chapters covering North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Australia-Pacific region. As well as relating the general factors mentioned above to these specific areas, these chapters cover issues of special regional significance, such as the importance of traditional knowledge and practices for food security, economic development and cultural identity. Other chapters examine topics ranging from key policy issues to the significant programs of regional and international organisations, and from research ethics and best practices for scientific study of traditional knowledge to the adaptation of traditional forest knowledge to climate change and globalisation.
Author : David L. Hawksworth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402068654
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Biodiversity and Conservation in Europe written by David L. Hawksworth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a selection of original studies that address biodiversity and conservation in Europe. The contributions are drawn from a wide range of countries and discuss diverse organism and habitat types. They collectively provide a snap-shot of the sorts of studies and actions being taken in Europe to address issues in biodiversity and conservation – topical examples that make the volume especially valuable for use in conservation biology courses.
Author : Christophe Plomion
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1578087198
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (78 download)
Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Conifers written by Christophe Plomion and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by internationally reputed researchers in the field, this book presents the implications of the genomic revolution for conifers—promoting a better understanding of the evolution of these organisms as well as new knowledge about the molecular basis of quantitative trait variation. Both of these discoveries play important roles in their domestication. Topics include cytogenetics, patterns of nucleotide diversity, genetic mapping, integration of molecular markers in breeding, transcriptomics, advances in proteomics and metabolomics in gymnosperms, and economic importance.
Author : Stefano Mancuso
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642220673
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Measuring Roots written by Stefano Mancuso and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roots represent half of the plant body – and arguably the more interesting half. Despite its obvious importance for the whole plant, until recently our knowledge of the root apparatus was very limited, mostly due to the inadequacy of the techniques available. Recent advances in the visualization and measurement of roots have resulted in significant progress in our understanding of root architecture, growth and behaviour. In this book international experts highlight the most advanced techniques, both lab and field methods, and discuss them in detail. Measuring Roots combines academic and practical aspects of this topic, making it a universal handbook for all researchers and others interested in root-measuring methods.
Author : David Turnock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134827997
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)
Download or read book The Human Geography of East Central Europe written by David Turnock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-10-04 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Human Geography of East Central Europe examines the geography of the transition economies that were not formerly part of the Soviet Union: Albania, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia and East Germany. There is a thematic treatment beginning with the landscape and historical background, which moves on to the social and economic geography (industry, agriculture and infrastructure) and to issues concerning regional development and environmental protection.
Author : Ladislav Paule
Publisher : Arbora Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9788096708826
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Conservation of Forests in Central Europe written by Ladislav Paule and published by Arbora Publishers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John A. Stanturf
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040073727
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests written by John A. Stanturf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This substantially updated new edition reflects the growing recognition that large areas of forests are degraded globally. This edition describes forest restoration in the context of rapid social, economic, environmental, and climate change. Covering the last decade's significant advances in forest restoration concepts and practice, this edition has 16 new chapters and 19 thoroughly revised chapters. This book is an excellent source of information for researchers, managers, policymakers, and graduate students in forestry and ecology.
Author : David Turnock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134678754
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)
Download or read book The Economy of East Central Europe, 1815-1989 written by David Turnock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a widely published expert in the field, this major survey reviews two centuries of modernization and examines the dramatic changes in the economies of Eastern Europe. This is a new and comprehensive overview which incorporates fresh research and recent changes to the region to trace this economic history of Eastern Europe within the wider political and ideological context Uniquely taking the broader historical picture into account, David Turnock brings together the entire scope of the modernization process, from the first phase of modern national development in the Balkans and the impact of imperial systems on the area as a whole, to the feeling of 'unfinished business' at the end of the Second World War. He continues up to the present-day state of transition, evaluating the contrasts in the region between the northern and southern states, domestic division between dynamic and backward areas, and the increasing emphasis on the opening up of frontier regions. Wide in scope and including detailed and informative chronologies, this book will prove an invaluable asset to students of European history and economics.
Author : Horst Weisgerber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (745 download)
Download or read book Norway spruce provenance experiments in Central Europe written by Horst Weisgerber and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319952676
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Forests of Southeast Europe Under a Changing Climate written by Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the different prospective, scientific and practical experience of researchers as well as beneficiaries and stakeholders in the field of forest conservation in Southeast Europe. The book stresses the importance of improving the adaptability of these ecosystems to the impacts of climate change. Gathered around a common idea, the book presents the latest results in forest genetic resources conservation at national and regional level. The chapters are written by experts from: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. The book presents the current state, legal and institutional framework for conservation and management of forest genetic resources, case studies and best practices in the application of different conservation methods and techniques (in situ and ex situ) as well as climate change aspects in this area. This book will be of particular interest to scientists and experts in the field of forestry, environmental protection and rural development, bachelor, master and doctoral students, as well as for anyone interested in the conservation issues fuelled by ethical and economic motives.
