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Split Manufacturing Of Integrated Circuits For Hardware Security And Trust
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Book Synopsis Split Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits for Hardware Security and Trust by : Ranga Vemuri
Download or read book Split Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits for Hardware Security and Trust written by Ranga Vemuri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) supply chains led to many potential vulnerabilities. Several attack scenarios can exploit these vulnerabilities to reverse engineer IC designs or to insert malicious trojan circuits. Split manufacturing refers to the process of splitting an IC design into multiple parts and fabricating these parts at two or more foundries such that the design is secure even when some or all of those foundries are potentially untrusted. Realizing its security benefits, researchers have proposed split fabrication methods for 2D, 2.5D, and the emerging 3D ICs. Both attack methods against split designs and defense techniques to thwart those attacks while minimizing overheads have steadily progressed over the past decade. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art and emerging directions in design splitting for secure split fabrication, design recognition and recovery attacks against split designs, and design techniques to defend against those attacks. Readers will learn methodologies for secure and trusted IC design and fabrication using split design methods to protect against supply chain vulnerabilities.
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Security of Split Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits by : Jonathon Crandall Magana
Download or read book Analysis of the Security of Split Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits written by Jonathon Crandall Magana and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Split manufacturing is a technique that allows manufacturing the transistor-level and lower metal layers of an IC at a high-end, untrusted foundry, while manufacturing only the higher metal layers at a smaller, trusted foundry. Using split manufacturing is only viable if the untrusted foundry cannot reverse engineer the higher metal layer connections (and thus the overall IC design) from the lower layers. This work begins with a study of the effectiveness of proximity attack as a key step to reverse engineer a design at the untrusted foundry. We propose and study different proximity attacks based on how a set of candidates are defined for each broken connection. The attacks use both placement and routing information along with factors which capture the router's behavior such as per-layer routing congestion. Our studies are based on designs having millions of nets routed across 9 metal layers and significant layer-by-layer wire size variation. Our results show that a common, Hamming Distance-based proximity attack seldom achieves a match rate over 5%. But our proposed attack yields a relatively-small list of candidates which often contains the correct match. We also propose a procedure to artificially insert routing blockages in a design at a desired split level, without causing any area overhead, in order to trick the router to make proximity-based reverse engineering significantly more challenging. This work goes on to analyze the security of split manufacturing using machine learning. We consider many types of layout features for machine learning including those obtained from placement, routing, and cell sizes. For the top split layer, we demonstrate dramatically better results in proximity attack compared to the same proximity attack without machine learning. We analyze the ranking of features used by machine learning and show the importance of how features vary when moving to the lower layers. Since the runtime of our basic machine learning becomes prohibitively large for lower layers, we propose novel techniques to make it scalable with little sacrifice in effectiveness of the attack. This work concludes by proposing a routing-based defense mechanism against the proximity attack. Our model is able to simultaneously generate multiple routing solutions which exhibit a trade off between the enhanced security versus degradation in wirelength. This means the generated solutions are Pareto-optimal with respect to each other such that for example, for a desired security, one solution is always best in terms of wirelength overhead, or for a desired allowable wirelength overhead, one solution always has the highest security. Our algorithm guarantees its process does not generate overflow of routing resources and gives flexibility to the designer to eventually select one of these generated solutions based on a desired level of security or tolerable wirelength overhead. This addresses an issue common in prior work, where a designer lacks control over a routing obfuscation technique's wirelength overhead. The effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated with experiments using the ISPD'11 benchmarks featuring up to two million nets.
Book Synopsis Hardware Protection through Obfuscation by : Domenic Forte
Download or read book Hardware Protection through Obfuscation written by Domenic Forte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to various threats faced during design and fabrication by today’s integrated circuits (ICs) and systems. The authors discuss key issues, including illegal manufacturing of ICs or “IC Overproduction,” insertion of malicious circuits, referred as “Hardware Trojans”, which cause in-field chip/system malfunction, and reverse engineering and piracy of hardware intellectual property (IP). The authors provide a timely discussion of these threats, along with techniques for IC protection based on hardware obfuscation, which makes reverse-engineering an IC design infeasible for adversaries and untrusted parties with any reasonable amount of resources. This exhaustive study includes a review of the hardware obfuscation methods developed at each level of abstraction (RTL, gate, and layout) for conventional IC manufacturing, new forms of obfuscation for emerging integration strategies (split manufacturing, 2.5D ICs, and 3D ICs), and on-chip infrastructure needed for secure exchange of obfuscation keys- arguably the most critical element of hardware obfuscation.
Book Synopsis Techniques for Improving Security and Trustworthiness of Integrated Circuits by :
Download or read book Techniques for Improving Security and Trustworthiness of Integrated Circuits written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trustworthy Hardware Design: Combinational Logic Locking Techniques by : Muhammad Yasin
Download or read book Trustworthy Hardware Design: Combinational Logic Locking Techniques written by Muhammad Yasin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the popularity of hardware security research, several edited monograms have been published, which aim at summarizing the research in a particular field. Typically, each book chapter is a recompilation of one or more research papers, and the focus is on summarizing the state-of-the-art research. Different from the edited monograms, the chapters in this book are not re-compilations of research papers. The book follows a pedagogical approach. Each chapter has been planned to emphasize the fundamental principles behind the logic locking algorithms and relate concepts to each other using a systematization of knowledge approach. Furthermore, the authors of this book have contributed to this field significantly through numerous fundamental papers.
Book Synopsis Design Methodologies for Improving the Trustworthiness and Quality of Integrated Circuits by : Hassan Salmani
Download or read book Design Methodologies for Improving the Trustworthiness and Quality of Integrated Circuits written by Hassan Salmani and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hardware Security by : Swarup Bhunia
Download or read book Hardware Security written by Swarup Bhunia and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardware Security: A Hands-On Learning Approach provides a broad, comprehensive and practical overview of hardware security that encompasses all levels of the electronic hardware infrastructure. It covers basic concepts like advanced attack techniques and countermeasures that are illustrated through theory, case studies and well-designed, hands-on laboratory exercises for each key concept. The book is ideal as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate students studying computer engineering, computer science, electrical engineering, and biomedical engineering, but is also a handy reference for graduate students, researchers and industry professionals. For academic courses, the book contains a robust suite of teaching ancillaries. Users will be able to access schematic, layout and design files for a printed circuit board for hardware hacking (i.e. the HaHa board) that can be used by instructors to fabricate boards, a suite of videos that demonstrate different hardware vulnerabilities, hardware attacks and countermeasures, and a detailed description and user manual for companion materials. Provides a thorough overview of computer hardware, including the fundamentals of computer systems and the implications of security risks Includes discussion of the liability, safety and privacy implications of hardware and software security and interaction Gives insights on a wide range of security, trust issues and emerging attacks and protection mechanisms in the electronic hardware lifecycle, from design, fabrication, test, and distribution, straight through to supply chain and deployment in the field A full range of instructor and student support materials can be found on the authors' own website for the book: http://hwsecuritybook.org
Book Synopsis Counterfeit Integrated Circuits by : Mark (Mohammad) Tehranipoor
Download or read book Counterfeit Integrated Circuits written by Mark (Mohammad) Tehranipoor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely and exhaustive study offers a much-needed examination of the scope and consequences of the electronic counterfeit trade. The authors describe a variety of shortcomings and vulnerabilities in the electronic component supply chain, which can result in counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs). Not only does this book provide an assessment of the current counterfeiting problems facing both the public and private sectors, it also offers practical, real-world solutions for combatting this substantial threat. · Helps beginners and practitioners in the field by providing a comprehensive background on the counterfeiting problem; · Presents innovative taxonomies for counterfeit types, test methods, and counterfeit defects, which allows for a detailed analysis of counterfeiting and its mitigation; · Provides step-by-step solutions for detecting different types of counterfeit ICs; · Offers pragmatic and practice-oriented, realistic solutions to counterfeit IC detection and avoidance, for industry and government.
Book Synopsis Infrastructure and Primitives for Hardware Security in Integrated Circuits by : Abhishek Basak
Download or read book Infrastructure and Primitives for Hardware Security in Integrated Circuits written by Abhishek Basak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For logical correlation and clustering similar approaches together, this thesis isdivided into two parts. Part I proposes three light-weight, proactive IC integrityvalidation approaches as countermeasures against the two major forms of counterfeit ICs namely Recycled and Cloned chips. Hence the security threats consideredhere revolve around the legitimacy of the procured components from the vast, ever-expanding global supply chain, used to design electronic systems. The firstapproach is a low overhead, on-die protection mechanism against both types ofabove-mentioned counterfeit digital ICs based on one-time programmable Antifuses inserted in the I/O port logic and a key stored in secure non-volatile memory. Second is an antifuse based IC package level solution against both counterfeittypes, that does not require any design modification, on-die resources and hencecan be applied to legacy designs (i.e. production ready designs), which comprisea significant portion of the semiconductor market. The last is an intrinsic pinresistance based IC authentication approach against cloned ICs, which does notrequire any overhead (die or package), changes in the design cycle and is applicable to legacy ICs. In addition to digital ICs, the latter two techniques alsowork efficiently for analog and mixed-signal designs. The protection against recycling offered by the first two methods involves active defense rather than onlydetection, i.e. the ICs are non-functional (hence of no value) until the antifuses areprogrammed. Overall, as compared to existing Design-for-Security (DfS) techniques, utilization of one or more of these proposed approaches would incur minimal tovirtually zero design modifications and associated hardware overhead, offer easyintegrability in existing chips and are potentially applicable to legacy designs andICs of all types at comparable security. Part II of the thesis revolves around efficient protection against threats arisingdue to the integration characteristics and interactions between different hardwareand/or software/firmware components on a platform required to perform systemlevel functions. It particularly focuses on a System-on-Chip (SoC), which constitute the primary IC type in mobile and embedded electronic systems today andis essentially an entire platform on a single chip. We have proposed a novel architecture framework that provides a methodical, formal approach to implementsystem level security policies in these SoCs. SoCs incorporate different types ofhardware/firmware/software based Intellectual Property (IP) cores including gen-eral purpose processors, graphics cores, accelerators, memory subsystems, devicecontrollers etc. Security policies protect the access of various security assets onchip sprinkled around in these IP blocks, like device keys, passwords, configuration register settings, programmable fuses and private user data. They typicallyinvolve subtle interactions between different IP components and their specification as well as implementation often get modified over the design cycle involvingvarious stakeholders. As a result, these policies are typically implemented in arather adhoc fashion in SoCs presently. This creates significant issues in post-SiSoC validation, in-field testing as well as patch/upgrades in response to bugs orchanging security requirements in field. To address this issue, the thesis proposesa light-weight infrastructure framework for systematic, methodical implementation of diverse SoC security policies. The architecture is centered around smartsecurity wrappers, which extract security critical event information from the IPsand a centralized, firmware upgradable micro-controlled policy controller, whichanalyzes the SoC security state at all phases and enforces the appropriate securitycontrols via the wrappers. Furthermore, to reduce the security wrapper overheadsas well as provide greater flexibility to adapt to new security requirements in-field, an interface is provided between the security architecture and the existing on-chipdebug infrastructure to permit reuse of its Design-for-Debug (DfD) componentsfor security policy implementation. The thesis concludes with an analysis of thethreat due to malicious modifications and/or covert backdoors in untrustworthy3rd party IPs in use today for designing SoCs. In the absence of full-proof statictrust analysis methods, potent run-time solutions have been proposed in the architectural framework as a last line of defense to ensure SoC security in presenceof untrustworthy IPs.
Book Synopsis Hardware Security by : Mark Tehranipoor
Download or read book Hardware Security written by Mark Tehranipoor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hardware IP Security and Trust by : Prabhat Mishra
Download or read book Hardware IP Security and Trust written by Prabhat Mishra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of current Intellectual Property (IP) based System-on-Chip (SoC) design methodology and highlights how security of IP can be compromised at various stages in the overall SoC design-fabrication-deployment cycle. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the security vulnerabilities of different types of IPs. This book would enable readers to overcome these vulnerabilities through an efficient combination of proactive countermeasures and design-for-security solutions, as well as a wide variety of IP security and trust assessment and validation techniques. This book serves as a single-source of reference for system designers and practitioners for designing secure, reliable and trustworthy SoCs.
Book Synopsis CAD for Hardware Security by : Farimah Farahmandi
Download or read book CAD for Hardware Security written by Farimah Farahmandi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-11 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of current hardware security problems and highlights how these issues can be efficiently addressed using computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Authors are from CAD developers, IP developers, SOC designers as well as SoC verification experts. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of SoC security vulnerabilities and how to overcome them, through an efficient combination of proactive countermeasures and a wide variety of CAD solutions.
Book Synopsis Viruses, Hardware and Software Trojans by : Anatoly Belous
Download or read book Viruses, Hardware and Software Trojans written by Anatoly Belous and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-27 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a valuable reference on cyber weapons and, in particular, viruses, software and hardware Trojans. The authors discuss in detail the most dangerous computer viruses, software Trojans and spyware, models of computer Trojans affecting computers, methods of implementation and mechanisms of their interaction with an attacker — a hacker, an intruder or an intelligence agent. Coverage includes Trojans in electronic equipment such as telecommunication systems, computers, mobile communication systems, cars and even consumer electronics. The evolutionary path of development of hardware Trojans from "cabinets", "crates" and "boxes" to the microcircuits (IC) is also discussed. Readers will benefit from the detailed review of the major known types of hardware Trojans in chips, principles of their design, mechanisms of their functioning, methods of their introduction, means of camouflaging and detecting, as well as methods of protection and counteraction.
Book Synopsis On the Complexity of the Circuit Obfuscation Problem for Split Manufacturing by : Mohamed El Massad
Download or read book On the Complexity of the Circuit Obfuscation Problem for Split Manufacturing written by Mohamed El Massad and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent work in the area of computer hardware security introduced a number of interesting computational problems in the context of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). In this thesis, we pick one of these problems, circuit obfuscation -- a combinatorial optimization problem -- and study its computational complexity. First, we prove that the problem is \cnph. Next, we show it to be in the class of MAX-SNP optimization problems, which means it is inapproximable within a certain constant (2.08) unless P=NP. We then use a reduction from the maximum common edge subgraph problem to prove a lower bound on the absolute error guarantee achievable for the problem by a polynomial-time algorithm. Given that the decision version of the problem is in NP, we investigate the possibility of efficiently solving the problem using a SAT solver and report on our results. Finally, we study a slightly modified version of the problem underlying a generalized hardware security technique and prove it to be NP-hard as well.
Book Synopsis Design for Security in Mixed Analog-digital Integrated Circuits by : Mohamed Elshamy
Download or read book Design for Security in Mixed Analog-digital Integrated Circuits written by Mohamed Elshamy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, the enormous cost of owning and maintaining a modern semiconductor manufacturing plant has coerced many companies to go fabless. By outsourcing the manufacturing IC/IP to third-party and often off-shore companies, the process has been extended to potentially untrustworthy companies. This has resulted in several security threats to the semiconductor industry such as counterfeiting, reverse engineering, and HTs insertion. In this thesis, we propose an anti-piracy countermeasure to protect AMS ICs/IPs, a novel HT attack for AMS ICs/IPs, and a novel PUF. More specifically, we propose an anti-piracy technique based on locking for programmable analog circuits. The proposed technique leverages the programmability fabric to implement a natural lock-less locking. We discuss its implementation and its resilience capabilities against foreseen attacks. The proposed HT attack for analog circuits leverages the test infrastructure. The HT is hidden effectively in a digital core and transfers its payload to the analog circuit via the test bus and the interface of the analog circuit to the test bus. Its key characteristic is that it is invisible in the analog domain. The proposed HT is demonstrated on two case studies. This thesis sheds light on the importance of developing new security and trust countermeasures tailored for analog circuits. The proposed PUF, called "neuron-PUF", uses a single spiking neuron as the source of entropy. Its key characteristic is that it uses a single PUF cell and temporal redundancy to generate an arbitrarily long key, which results in significant low area and power overheads compared to mainstream PUFs, such as delay-based and memory-based PUFs.
Book Synopsis Frontiers of Quality Electronic Design (QED) by : Ali Iranmanesh
Download or read book Frontiers of Quality Electronic Design (QED) written by Ali Iranmanesh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-11 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality Electronic Design (QED)’s landscape spans a vast region where territories of many participating disciplines and technologies overlap. This book explores the latest trends in several key topics related to quality electronic design, with emphasis on Hardware Security, Cybersecurity, Machine Learning, and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book includes topics in nonvolatile memories (NVM), Internet of Things (IoT), FPGA, and Neural Networks.
Book Synopsis The Hardware Trojan War by : Swarup Bhunia
Download or read book The Hardware Trojan War written by Swarup Bhunia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, for the first time, provides comprehensive coverage on malicious modification of electronic hardware, also known as, hardware Trojan attacks, highlighting the evolution of the threat, different attack modalities, the challenges, and diverse array of defense approaches. It debunks the myths associated with hardware Trojan attacks and presents practical attack space in the scope of current business models and practices. It covers the threat of hardware Trojan attacks for all attack surfaces; presents attack models, types and scenarios; discusses trust metrics; presents different forms of protection approaches – both proactive and reactive; provides insight on current industrial practices; and finally, describes emerging attack modes, defenses and future research pathways.
