Spin Polarized Transport In Magnetic Nanostructures

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Spin-polarized Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures

Author : Brian Curtin O'Gorman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (697 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin-polarized Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures by : Brian Curtin O'Gorman

Download or read book Spin-polarized Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures written by Brian Curtin O'Gorman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two of the principal phenomena observed and exploited in the field of spintronics are giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and spin transfer torque (STT). With GMR, the resistance of a magnetic multilayer is affected by the relative orientation of its magnetic layers due to (electron) spin dependent scattering. For the STT effect, a spin-polarized electric current is used to alter the magnetic state of a ferromagnet. Together, GMR and STT are at the foundation of numerous technologies, and they hold promise for many more applications. To achieve the high current densities (~1012 A/m2) that are necessary to observe STT effects, point contacts - constricted electrical pathways (~1-100 nm in diameter) between conducting materials - are often used because of their small cross-sectional areas. In this sense, we have explored STT in bilayer magnetic nanopillars, where an electric current was used to induce precession of a ferromagnetic layer. This precessional state was detected as an increase in resistance of the device, akin to GMR. Temperature dependent measurements of the onset of precession shed light on the activation mechanism, but raised further questions about its detailed theory. Point contacts can also be used as local sources or detectors of electrons. In this context, we have observed transverse electron focusing (TEF) in a single crystal of bismuth. TEF is a k-selective technique for studying electron scattering from within materials. Using lithographically fabricated point contacts, we have studied the temperature dependence of the relaxation time for ballistic electrons from 4.2 to 100 K. These measurements indicated a transition between electron-electron dominated scattering at low temperatures and electron-phonon scattering as the Debye temperature was approached. We present preliminary work toward a TEF experiment to measure spin dependent scattering from a non-magnet/magnet interface. We also investigated spin wave propagation in thin, magnetic waveguide structures. At the boundary between the waveguide and continuous magnetic film, spin wave rays were found to radiate into the film, or to reflect and form standing waves in the waveguide. A circular defect in the waveguide was observed to cause diffraction of spin waves, generating an interference pattern of higher modes of oscillation.

Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures

Author : Sadamichi Maekawa
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420024579
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures by : Sadamichi Maekawa

Download or read book Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures written by Sadamichi Maekawa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-07-11 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In magnetic systems of nano-meter size, the interplay between spin and charge of electrons provides unique transport phenomena. In magnetic superlattices, magnetic and non-magnetic metallic thin films with thickness of the order of one nano-meter are piled-up alternately. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in these superlattices in 1988, spin dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures have received much attention from both academic and technological points of view. Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions made of ferromagnetic metal electrodes and a very thin insulating barrier between them are also of current interest as magnetoresistive devices, where the tunneling current depends on the relative orientation of magnetization (TMR). In addition to magnetic superlattices and magnetic tunnel junctions, magnetic granular systems and magnetic dots have been studied extensively as magnetoresistive systems. Edited by two of the world's leading authorities, Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures introduces and explains the basic physics and applications of a variety of spin-dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures with particular emphasis on magnetic multilayers and magnetic tunnel junctions.

Spin-dependent Transport Phenomena in Magnetic Nanostructures

Author : A. S. Sahakyan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536103007
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin-dependent Transport Phenomena in Magnetic Nanostructures by : A. S. Sahakyan

Download or read book Spin-dependent Transport Phenomena in Magnetic Nanostructures written by A. S. Sahakyan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Magnetic Nanostructures

Author : Hartmut Zabel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642320422
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Nanostructures by : Hartmut Zabel

Download or read book Magnetic Nanostructures written by Hartmut Zabel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-15 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomagnetism and spintronics is a rapidly expanding and increasingly important field of research with many applications already on the market and many more to be expected in the near future. This field started in the mid-1980s with the discovery of the GMR effect, recently awarded with the Nobel prize to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg. The present volume covers the most important and most timely aspects of magnetic heterostructures, including spin torque effects, spin injection, spin transport, spin fluctuations, proximity effects, and electrical control of spin valves. The chapters are written by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields and provide an overview of the latest status.

Spin Electronics

Author : David D. Awschalom
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401705321
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin Electronics by : David D. Awschalom

Download or read book Spin Electronics written by David D. Awschalom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of scientific research and technological development is replete with examples of breakthroughs that have advanced the frontiers of knowledge, but seldom does it record events that constitute paradigm shifts in broad areas of intellectual pursuit. One notable exception, however, is that of spin electronics (also called spintronics, magnetoelectronics or magnetronics), wherein information is carried by electron spin in addition to, or in place of, electron charge. It is now well established in scientific and engineering communities that Moore's Law, having been an excellent predictor of integrated circuit density and computer performance since the 1970s, now faces great challenges as the scale of electronic devices has been reduced to the level where quantum effects become significant factors in device operation. Electron spin is one such effect that offers the opportunity to continue the gains predicted by Moore's Law, by taking advantage of the confluence of magnetics and semiconductor electronics in the newly emerging discipline of spin electronics. From a fundamental viewpoine, spin-polarization transport in a material occurs when there is an imbalance of spin populations at the Fermi energy. In ferromagnetic metals this imbalance results from a shift in the energy states available to spin-up and spin-down electrons. In practical applications, a ferromagnetic metal may be used as a source of spin-polarized electronics to be injected into a semiconductor, a superconductor or a normal metal, or to tunnel through an insulating barrier.

Magnetic Nanostructures in Modern Technology

Author : Bruno Azzerboni
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1402063385
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Nanostructures in Modern Technology by : Bruno Azzerboni

Download or read book Magnetic Nanostructures in Modern Technology written by Bruno Azzerboni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-10-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, a team of outstanding scientists in the field of modern magnetic nanotechnologies illustrates the state-of-the-art in several areas of advanced magneto-electronic devices, magnetic micro-electromechanical systems and high density information storage technologies. Providing a unique source of information for the young physicist, chemist or engineer, the book also serves as a crucial reference for the expert scientist and the teacher of advanced university courses.

Spin-polarized Transport in Superconducting and Ferromagnetic Nanostructures

Author : Fabio Taddei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (594 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin-polarized Transport in Superconducting and Ferromagnetic Nanostructures by : Fabio Taddei

Download or read book Spin-polarized Transport in Superconducting and Ferromagnetic Nanostructures written by Fabio Taddei and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism

Author : Evgeny Y. Tsymbal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439803773
Total Pages : 809 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism by : Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Download or read book Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism written by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-25 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several decades, the research on spin transport and magnetism has led to remarkable scientific and technological breakthroughs, including Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg’s Nobel Prize-winning discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic metallic multilayers. Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism provides a comprehensive, balanced account of the state of the art in the field known as spin electronics or spintronics. It reveals how key phenomena first discovered in one class of materials, such as spin injection in metals, have been revisited decades later in other materials systems, including silicon, organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carefully engineered nanostructures. The first section of the book offers a historical and personal perspective of the field written by Nobel Prize laureate Albert Fert. The second section addresses physical phenomena, such as GMR, in hybrid structures of ferromagnetic and normal metals. The third section discusses recent developments in spin-dependent tunneling, including magnetic tunnel junctions with ferroelectric barriers. In the fourth section, the contributors look at how to control spin and magnetism in semiconductors. In the fifth section, they examine phenomena typically found in nanostructures made from metals, superconductors, molecular magnets, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and graphene. The final section covers novel spin-based applications, including advanced magnetic sensors, nonvolatile magnetoresistive random access memory, and semiconductor spin-lasers. The techniques and materials of spintronics have rapidly evolved in recent years, leading to vast improvements in hard drive storage and magnetic sensing. With extensive cross-references between chapters, this seminal handbook provides a complete guide to spin transport and magnetism across various classes of materials and structures.

Spin-polarized Transport and Spin Filtering in Organic Nanostructures

Author : Kazi Monirul Alam Alam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin-polarized Transport and Spin Filtering in Organic Nanostructures by : Kazi Monirul Alam Alam

Download or read book Spin-polarized Transport and Spin Filtering in Organic Nanostructures written by Kazi Monirul Alam Alam and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrons, the fundamental charge carriers in solid-state devices, possess three intrinsic properties: mass, charge and spin. Spin is a quantum mechanical property, but can be loosely visualized as a tiny "intrinsic" magnetic dipole moment attached to an electron. In conventional electron devices, spin magnetic moments point along random directions in space and play no significant role in device operation. In the emerging field of "spintronics" the central theme is to harness the spin degree of freedom of charge carriers to realize novel data storage and information processing technologies. Spintronic devices are already ubiquitous in state-of-the-art hard disks with large storage densities. A concerted global effort is underway to explore various spin-based information processing concepts, which can potentially be more energy-efficient than traditional charge-based electronics. In recent years, substantial research has been devoted to understanding carrier spin dynamics in metallic multilayers, tunnel junctions and inorganic semiconductors such as silicon, germanium and various III-V compounds. On the other hand, p-conjugated organic semiconductors that play a crucial role in organic electronics and displays are relatively new materials in the area of spintronics. Organic semiconductors offer several advantages (such as mechanical flexibility, chemical tunability of physical properties, low-cost and low-temperature processing) compared to their inorganic counterparts. The ability to control carrier spin dynamics in organic materials will open up possibility of new devices such as flexible non-volatile memories, spin-based organic light emitting diodes and spin filters. iii In this work, we have explored two key spin related phenomena in organic semiconductor nanostructures: (a) spin-polarized transport and (b) spin filtering. In the first sub-project, we explore spin transport in "nanowire" geometry instead of commonly studied thin film devices. Such experiments shed light on the spin relaxation mechanisms in organics and indicate ways to minimize such effects. Fabrication of organic nanowires with well-controlled geometry in the sub-100 nm range is a non-trivial task, and in this subproject we have developed a novel technique for this purpose. Spin transport in rubrene nanowires has been studied, which indicates significant suppression of spin relaxation in nanowire geometry compared to rubrene thin films. Our experimental data indicates that spin-orbit coupling is the dominant spin relaxation mechanism in rubrene nanowires. In the second sub-project, we explore spin filtering (transmission of one particular type of spin) through an organic nanostructure in which single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are wrapped with single stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules. Efficient spin filtering has been observed in this system, which may enable magnetless spintronic devices in the future.

Effects of Size and Spin-polarized Current on Magnetic Nanostructures

Author : Carl Thomas Boone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124018959
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Size and Spin-polarized Current on Magnetic Nanostructures by : Carl Thomas Boone

Download or read book Effects of Size and Spin-polarized Current on Magnetic Nanostructures written by Carl Thomas Boone and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in nanofabrication have allowed scientists to produce structures smaller than 50 nm, creating interest in the effect of size reduction on physical systems. Many of these structures are for electronics applications, creating a need to know how the electrical properties are changed. In this dissertation the effects of size and current on magnetic materials are studied under multiple circumstances. The linearity of current-induced magnetic oscillations is studied. A full set of the properties of such oscillations are measured and compared to a theory of the power and lineshape of nonlinear oscillators. In the single-mode regime the lineshape of a nonlinear current-driven magnetic oscillator is found to deviate from a simple Lorentzian and is determined by the temperature, driving force and damping parameter. The effect of quantization on spin waves is studied. Confinement of spin waves due to size quantizes the spin wave excitations into distinct branches. The experimental data is compared to theory for dipole-exchange spin waves, which results in an experimentally-determined boundary parameter which is intermediate between pinned and free magnetization and different from what theory predicts. The quantized nature of the spin waves also leads to distinct scattering channels which open and close at distinct fields. A study of the damping parameter in narrow magnetic nanowires shows that these channels do open and close at certain fields corresponding to a confluence process involving three spin waves. The effect of current on domain walls is studied. Spin-polarized current applied perpendicular to the thin-film plane containing a domain wall can move the domain wall more efficiently than current applied in the plane. Asymmetries in the functional dependence of spin-torque can also be exploited in the motion of domain walls. Asymmetric spin-torque can create a net force on the domain wall, which is not predicted for symmetric spin-torque. Asymmetric spin-torque can also excite internal degrees of freedom within the domain wall which correspond to a localized spin wave bound to the domain wall whose interaction with the domain wall creates very high domain wall velocities. This mode affects domain wall pumping, where high-frequency current can create long-range, high-speed motion.

Nanomagnetism and Spintronics

Author : Farzad Nasirpouri
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814273058
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomagnetism and Spintronics by : Farzad Nasirpouri

Download or read book Nanomagnetism and Spintronics written by Farzad Nasirpouri and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomagnetism and spintronics are two close subfields of nanoscience, explaining the effect of substantial magnetic properties of matter when the materials fabrication is realized at a comparable length size. Nanomagnetism deals with the magnetic phenomena specific to the structures having dimensions in the submicron range. The fact that the electronic transport properties of materials are dependent on the magnetic properties' artificial nanostructures, i.e., giant magnetoresistance (GMR) or tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), has revolutionized spintronics science and technology. This book explains the concepts of nanomagnetism and spintronics by viewing the most recent research works from internationally distinguished research groups. Placing special emphasis on crucial fundamental and technical aspects of nanomagnetism and spintronics, it serves as a one-stop reference for universities offering postgraduate programs in nanotechnology or related disciplines. This unique book deals with all three stages required for conducting research in nanomagnetism and spintronics including fabrication, characterization and applications of nanomagnetic and spintronics materials, providing general concepts and an insightful overview of this subject for research students and scientists from different backgrounds investigating the multidisciplinary area of nanotechnology.

Spin Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures

Author : Oscar Céspedes Boldoba
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures by : Oscar Céspedes Boldoba

Download or read book Spin Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures written by Oscar Céspedes Boldoba and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Spin Polarized Transport in Magnetic Layered Structures

Author : René Johannes Marinus van de Verdonk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin Polarized Transport in Magnetic Layered Structures by : René Johannes Marinus van de Verdonk

Download or read book Spin Polarized Transport in Magnetic Layered Structures written by René Johannes Marinus van de Verdonk and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Spintronics

Author : Yongbing Xu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400768918
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (689 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Spintronics by : Yongbing Xu

Download or read book Handbook of Spintronics written by Yongbing Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over two volumes and 1500 pages, the Handbook of Spintronics will cover all aspects of spintronics science and technology, including fundamental physics, materials properties and processing, established and emerging device technology and applications. Comprising 60 chapters from a large international team of leading researchers across academia and industry, the Handbook provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive review of this dynamic field of research. The opening chapters focus on the fundamental physical principles of spintronics in metals and semiconductors, including an introduction to spin quantum computing. Materials systems are then considered, with sections on metallic thin films and multilayers, magnetic tunnelling structures, hybrids, magnetic semiconductors and molecular spintronic materials. A separate section reviews the various characterisation methods appropriate to spintronics materials, including STM, spin-polarised photoemission, x-ray diffraction techniques and spin-polarised SEM. The third part of the Handbook contains chapters on the state of the art in device technology and applications, including spin valves, GMR and MTJ devices, MRAM technology, spin transistors and spin logic devices, spin torque devices, spin pumping and spin dynamics and other topics such as spin caloritronics. Each chapter considers the challenges faced by researchers in that area and contains some indications of the direction that future work in the field is likely to take. This reference work will be an essential and long-standing resource for the spintronics community.

Ferromagnetic Electrodes for Spin-Polarized Transport - Technology and Experiments

Author :
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 373691072X
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Ferromagnetic Electrodes for Spin-Polarized Transport - Technology and Experiments by :

Download or read book Ferromagnetic Electrodes for Spin-Polarized Transport - Technology and Experiments written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004-05-13 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Technologie zur Sputterdeposition ferromagnetischer dünner Schichten aufgebaut worden. Nanostrukturierte ferromagnetische Elektroden, die in Experimenten zum spinpolarisierten Transport eingesetzt werden, wurden präpariert und hinsichtlich ihrer elektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften charakterisiert. Im ersten Kapitel werden die Grundlagen der Sputterdeposition und des Sputterätzens erklärt sowie das während dieser Arbeit aufgebaute System beschrieben. Die verwendeten Prozesse wurden mit Hilfe statistischer Methoden charakterisiert. Dabei ist der Einfluss der Argon-Ionenenergie und des Prozessdrucks sowohl auf die Depositions- und Ätzraten als auch auf die Rauhigkeiten der Schichten und Substrate systematisch untersucht worden. Erste Ergebnisse bezüglich der Sputterdeposition der ternären Heusler-Legierung Ni2MnIn werden gezeigt. Dabei wird zusätzlich die Abhängigkeit der Filmstöchiometrie von den Prozessparametern untersucht. Das zweite Kapitel behandelt die Charakterisierung gesputterter ferromagnetischer dünner Schichten und Nanostrukturen. Mit Magnetkraftmikroskopie in äußeren Magnetfeldern und dem magnetooptischen Kerr-Effekt wurden die Formanisotropie und die Kristallanisotropie gesputterter Permalloy (Ni80Fe20)-Elektroden und homogener Schichten untersucht. Der anisotrope Magnetowiderstand wurde an Nanodrähten aus Permalloy und Nickel mit Hilfe von Transportmessungen in äußeren Magnetfeldern untersucht.Das dritte Kapitel behandelt Ferromagnet/Supraleiter-Hybridsysteme. Theoretische Konzepte werden vorgestellt, und die Ergebnisse für elektronenstrahllithografisch definierte Kontakte werden diskutiert. Für Punktkontakte ist während dieser Arbeit ein neues Mess- und Auswertesystem entwickelt worden. Aus den damit gemessenen Transportdaten wurde die Spinpolarisation für verschiedene Materialien bestimmt.

Trends in Magnetism

Author : V. Ustinov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783037850213
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Trends in Magnetism by : V. Ustinov

Download or read book Trends in Magnetism written by V. Ustinov and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this special collection of peer-reviewed papers was to provide an opportunity for scientists from all over the world to share details of recent advances in the physics of magnetic materials.Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).The work is divided into: I. To the Memory of S.V.Vonsovsky, II. Spin-Polarized Transport, III. Spin Dynamics, Spin Waves, Spin-Wave Resonance, IV. Spin Reorientation Phase Transitions, V. Spin-Orbit and Exchange Interactions, Magnetic Anisotropy and Magnetostriction, VI. Dynamics of Domain Structures and Domain Walls, VII. Magnetic Nanostructures and Films, VIII. Magnetism and Nanomaterials, IX. Low-Dimensional Magnetism, X. Magnetism of Strongly Correlated Systems, XI. Magnetotransport and Magneto-Optics.

Spin Dynamics and Damping in Ferromagnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures

Author : Anjan Barman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319662961
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Spin Dynamics and Damping in Ferromagnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures by : Anjan Barman

Download or read book Spin Dynamics and Damping in Ferromagnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Anjan Barman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of spin dynamics and magnetic damping. It discusses the various ways to tune damping, specifically, dynamic and static control in a ferromagnetic layer/heavy metal layer. In addition, it addresses all optical detection techniques for the investigation of modulation of damping, for example, the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique.