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Spin Orbit Coupling And Supersolidity In Ultracold Quantum Gases
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Book Synopsis Spin-orbit Coupling and Supersolidity in Ultracold Quantum Gases by : Junru Li (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Spin-orbit Coupling and Supersolidity in Ultracold Quantum Gases written by Junru Li (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultracold quantum gases provide a clean, isolated, and controllable platform for simulating and characterizing complex physical phenomena. In this thesis, I present several experiments on realizing one-dimensional spin-orbit coupling in ultracold 23Na gases and the creation of a new form of matter with supersolid properties using interacting spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. The first part describes the realization of spin-orbit coupling in optical superlattices which consist of stack of pancakes of imbalanced double-wells. The orbital levels, individual pancakes, in an superlattice potential are used as pseudospin states. Spinorbit coupling was induced by two-photon Raman transition between the pseudospin states, and was experimentally characterized by the spin-dependent momentum structure from this dressing. The realization suppresses heating due to spontaneous emission. The system is highly miscible, allowing the study of novel phases in interacting spin-orbit coupled systems. Next, spin-orbit coupling was demonstrated by synchronizing a fast periodically modulating magnetic force with the Radio-Frequency (RF) pulses. The modulation effectively dressed the RF photons with tunable momentum. The consequent Doppler shifts for RF transitions were observed as velocity-selective spin flips. The scheme is equivalent to Floquet engineered one-dimensional spin-orbit coupling. Finally, I report experiments on creating a new form of matter, a supersolid, in ultracold quantum gases. An interacting spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in the stripe phase spontaneously breaks two continuous symmetries : the U(1) symmetry, observed as sharp interference peaks in momentum space, and the continuous translational symmetry, observed as a spontaneously formed density modulation. The density modulation is measured and characterized with Bragg scattering. A system spontaneously breaking these two symmetries is a crystal and a superfluid simultaneously, and is considered as a supersolid.
Book Synopsis Topological Matter in Ultracold Ytterbium Quantum Gases with Spin-orbit Coupling by : Bo Song
Download or read book Topological Matter in Ultracold Ytterbium Quantum Gases with Spin-orbit Coupling written by Bo Song and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spin-obit Coupling in Optical Superlattices by : Wujie Huang
Download or read book Spin-obit Coupling in Optical Superlattices written by Wujie Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum simulation is emerging as an exciting and active frontier in atomic physics. It allows us not only to verify existing models with high precision, but also to engineer novel systems with strong correlations and exotic topologies. Recent efforts have been made to include synthetic gauge fields and spin-orbit couplings into ultracold quantum gas experiments, which would enable us to study the quantum Hall effect, topological insulators as well as topological superfluids. This thesis will describe the experimental implementation of a new spin-orbit coupled system using pseudospin-1/2 in an optical superlattices, as well as progress towards detecting the stripe phase in this system. The first part of this thesis describes the development of a new apparatus for performing quantum simulations with sodium and lithium in optical lattices. A quantum simulation program is challenging itself, therefore having a stable platform for preparing quantum gases is essential for this task. We'll describe our development in reliable and efficient production of sodium Bose-Einstein condensates and lithium degenerate Fermi gases, as well as the characterization of our optical lattice system in a superfluid to a Mott-insulator quantum phase transition. The dynamics of a Bloch oscillation in a tilted lattice has also been studied as an important step towards the implementation of synthetic magnetic fields in our system. The second part of this thesis describes the experimental realization of spin-orbit coupling in a pseudospin-1/2 system using an optical superlattice. This new scheme uses orbital states in a tilted double-well as the pseudospins, therefore does not require near-resonant Raman light to flip the spins and promise longer lifetimes compared to earlier spin-orbit coupling experiments in atomic gases. It also features a robust miscible ground state with stationary density stripes, which is closely related to the concept of supersolidity in condensed matter systems. We'll present our experimental implementation of this new system, signatures of the resonant spin-orbit coupling, as well as progress toward experimental detection of the stripe phase via Bragg scattering. This pseudospin-1/2 system could also be used for simulating quantum magnetism,and potentially novel models with topological properties and Majorana excitations.
Book Synopsis Synthetic Spin-orbit Coupling In Cold Atoms by : Wei Zhang
Download or read book Synthetic Spin-orbit Coupling In Cold Atoms written by Wei Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a review volume covering a wide range of topics in this newly developed research field. The intended audience corresponds to graduate students, post-docs and colleagues working in the field of cold atomic gases. This is the first review volume dedicated to this active research frontier, and provides a comprehensive and pedagogical summary of recent progresses in the field.
Book Synopsis Spin-orbit Coupled Bose Gases by : Boris Shteynas
Download or read book Spin-orbit Coupled Bose Gases written by Boris Shteynas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum simulation is a very active and growing field. Various quantum systems can be used to emulate existing materials in an accurate and controllable way, as well as to generate new states of matter that have not been found in the real world but the existence of which does not contradict the fundamental laws of physics. Ultracold atoms form a perfect system to realize idealized models and study physical mechanisms that stand out clearly in them. Recent efforts have been made to simulate artificial gauge fields with ultracold atoms, including spin-dependent gauge fields, such as spin-orbit coupling. Motivated by this goal our lab explored several approaches to generate a one-dimensional spinorbit coupling interaction, which has a rich phase diagram and plays an important role for topological insulators, the quantum spin Hall effect and spintronics. The first method we developed allowed us to detect a stripe phase by dressing Bose-Einstein condensates with an optical superlattice and Raman beams. The observed density modulation in the ground state meets the definition of the long-awaited supersolid state of matter. The second approach we took was to generate spin-orbit coupling without use of lasers. The method is based on the idea of periodic driving of the quantum system and dressing its evolution with fast micromotion, often refered to as Floquet engineering. Our experiment provided an insightful pedagogical example of what Floquet engineering is capable of. In the experiment we endowed a low energy radio-frequency photon with tunable momentum. When dressed with recoil momentum, the interaction of a radio-frequency photon with an atom occurred in a Doppler-sensitive way. We also demonstrated how to tune the momentum and flip its direction. In this thesis, I first describe the experiments done in the optical superlattice. Then I discuss the behavior of periodically driven classical and quantum systems and provide detailed analysis of how a radio-frequency photon can be magnetically dressed with tunable momentum. The experiments we carried out demonstrated novel methods of generation for spin-dependent gauge fields and showed pedagogical examples and interpretations of evolution of periodically driven systems. The scheme of periodically driven atoms inspired a theoretical study of heating in Floquet systems.
Book Synopsis Exploring New Physics in Ultracold Quantum Gases by : Biao Huang
Download or read book Exploring New Physics in Ultracold Quantum Gases written by Biao Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large portion of cold atom researches have been devoted to finding novel systems by taking advantage of the high manipulability of cold atom experiments. From the original Bose-Einstein condensates, to the recent realization of Harper-Hofstadter models, cold atoms have kept feeding the world with surprises of realizing systems that were once thought to be purely theoretical constructions. Such trend of research have propelled this thesis to seek for possible new physics based on current cold atom technologies, and to discuss its unique properties. In the first part, we will discuss the local spin ordering for systems made of large spin fermions. This is a generalization of the usual magnetic ordering for spin-1/2 systems, and we shall see that the large spin characters have made qualitative difference. Here we provide a general tensorial classification for fermionic systems of arbitrary spin, and discussed their general character and associated topological defects in the Majorana representation. We have also identified a series of highly symmetric “Platonic solid states” that are stable against perturbations, and have good chance of being observed in experiments. The second part focuses on another topic, which is the eects of background manifold on the quantum systems residing on it. We will first examine the vortex physics for Bose condensates confined on non-trivial 2D surfaces with synthetic gauge fields. In particular, we discuss in detail the cylindrical surface as an example where two types of vortices and a peculiar “necklace” pattern show up as a result of the confining geometry. Then we discuss the topic of Hall viscosity, a unique dissipationless viscosity coeffcient that is related to the adiabatic change of space geometry. We relate it to the density response of a system, and therefore provide an alternative way to compute and measure such a quantity.
Book Synopsis Physics on Ultracold Quantum Gases by :
Download or read book Physics on Ultracold Quantum Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physics on Ultracold Quantum Gases by : Wei Yi
Download or read book Physics on Ultracold Quantum Gases written by Wei Yi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spin-orbit Coupling and Strong Correlations in Ultracold Bose Gases by : William S. Cole
Download or read book Spin-orbit Coupling and Strong Correlations in Ultracold Bose Gases written by William S. Cole and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the final Chapter, I address a problem which perhaps seems, at first glance, to be unrelated to bosons with Rashba SOC. The problem is identifying the ground states of spinless hardcore bosons on a frustrated honeycomb lattice. The connection between these problems is the delicate question of how bosons condense in a flat band. In that section I provide numerical support to a recently proposed scenario of "statistical transmutation," where an approximate ground state of the hard core bosons can be obtained from a mean-field approximation in terms of composite fermions.
Book Synopsis Ultracold Gases and Quantum Information by : Christian Miniatura
Download or read book Ultracold Gases and Quantum Information written by Christian Miniatura and published by Lecture Notes of the Les Houch. This book was released on 2011-05-05 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1951, the prestigious Les Houches summer school has given rigorous graduate programmes in France. In July 2009, the first Les Houches school outside Europe took place in Singapore. This volume gathers the lectures conducted at the four-week school, focused on two exciting key topics: quantum information science and ultracold atomic physics.
Book Synopsis Modern trends in Superconductivity and Superfluidity by : M. Yu. Kagan
Download or read book Modern trends in Superconductivity and Superfluidity written by M. Yu. Kagan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concisely presents the latest trends in the physics of superconductivity and superfluidity and magnetism in novel systems, as well as the problem of BCS-BEC crossover in ultracold quantum gases and high-Tc superconductors. It further illuminates the intensive exchange of ideas between these closely related fields of condensed matter physics over the last 30 years of their dynamic development. The content is based on the author’s original findings obtained at the Kapitza Institute, as well as advanced lecture courses he held at the Moscow Engineering Physical Institute, Amsterdam University, Loughborough University and LPTMS Orsay between 1994 and 2011. In addition to the findings of his group, the author discusses the most recent concepts in these fields, obtained both in Russia and in the West. The book consists of 16 chapters which are divided into four parts. The first part describes recent developments in superfluid hydrodynamics of quantum fluids and solids, including the fashionable subject of possible supersolidity in quantum crystals of 4He, while the second describes BCS-BEC crossover in quantum Fermi-Bose gases and mixtures, as well as in the underdoped states of cuprates. The third part is devoted to non-phonon mechanisms of superconductivity in unconventional (anomalous) superconductors, including some important aspects of the theory of high-Tc superconductivity. |The last part considers the anomalous normal state of novel superconductive materials and materials with colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). The book offers a valuable guide for senior-level undergraduate students and graduate students, postdoctoral and other researchers specializing in solid-state and low-temperature physics.
Book Synopsis Ultracold Quantum Matter In Lower Dimensions by : Stefan Klaus Baur
Download or read book Ultracold Quantum Matter In Lower Dimensions written by Stefan Klaus Baur and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid progress in the field of ultracold atoms allows the study of many new and old models of quantum many-body physics. In this doctoral dissertation we theoretically explore exotic phases of ultracold quantum gases, with a special focus spin-imbalanced attractive Fermi gases in lower dimensional situations. Chapter 2 reviews the mean-field theory approach to pairing in twocomponent Fermi gases. Applications of this theory are illustrated in Chapter 3, where we discuss mostly well-known results of mean-field theory applied to imbalanced Fermi gases. Adapted from the author's prior publications, Chapters 4, 5 use the theory developed in Chapters 2, 3. In Chapter 6 we discuss the physics of Fermi gases, squeezed into one spatial dimension. In this and Chapter 7, we go beyond mean-field theory, approaching the problem through the Bethe ansatz, exact solutions to few-body problems and Fermi-Bose mappings ("fermionization"). We also show results from a joint effort with the experimental group of Randy Hulet at Rice University to experimentally realize and probe a strongly interacting one dimensional paired Fermi gas. In Chapter 8, after a brief introduction to rapidly rotating two dimensional Bose gases, we introduce a new protocol to create few atom fractional quantum Hall states. Finally, in Chapter 9 we study the effects of two-body losses on lattice Bose gases with hardcore interactions in one and two spatial dimensions.
Book Synopsis Spin-orbit Coupling in Molecules by : William Graham Richards
Download or read book Spin-orbit Coupling in Molecules written by William Graham Richards and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1981 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantum Bose and Fermi Gases of Dysprosium by : Mingwu Lu
Download or read book Quantum Bose and Fermi Gases of Dysprosium written by Mingwu Lu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in quantum manipulation of ultracold atomic gases are opening a new frontier in the quest to better understand strongly correlated matter. By exploiting the long-ranged and anisotropic character of the dipole-dipole interaction in ultracold gases, we hope to simulate or create novel forms of quantum matter. Quantum dilute gases of the most magnetic element, dysprosium, provide an important platform to study this dipolar physics. We present details of experiments that produce strongly dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates of Dy164 and Dy162, as well as the first dipolar degenerate Fermi gas of Dy161 (0.2 x Fermi temperature) in low magnetic field. Particularly, we demonstrated for the first time the direct evaporative cooling of single component ultracold fermions (Dy161) to Fermi degeneracy, predicted by universal dipolar scattering theory. Due to its large spin multiplicity in the ground state, large effective gauge fields for simulating, e.g., the quantum Hall effect, may be synthesized by exploiting the Dy atomic structure. Moreover, as a non-S-state atom, Dy is predicted to be an ideal candidate for spin-orbit coupling experiments in ultracold gases since the Raman dressing would be largely free from the incoherent scattering problems induced by the additional laser beams.
Book Synopsis Ultracold Quantum Gases in Time-averaged Adiabatic Potentials by : Benjamin Sherlock
Download or read book Ultracold Quantum Gases in Time-averaged Adiabatic Potentials written by Benjamin Sherlock and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes the experimental realisation and characterisation of three non-trivial trapping geometries for ultracold atoms. The double-well, ring and to some degree shell trap are examples of a highly versatile class of traps called time-averaged adiabatic potentials (TAAPs). In this experiment the TAAPs arise from the combination of three independent magnetic fields; a static quadrupole field dressed by a uniform radio-frequency field is time- averaged by a bias field oscillating in the kHz regime. The result is a very smooth potential, within which ultracold atoms can be evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy, and subsequently manipulated into new geometries without destroying the quantum coherence. The vertically offset double-well potential provided the first example of ul- tracold atoms confined in a TAAP. The same potential is used to demonstrate efficient evaporative cooling across the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) phase transition using only the Landau-Zener loss mechanism. Switching off the time- averaging fields loads atoms from the double-well TAAP into the rf-dressed shell trap. A characterisation of this potential measured low heating rates and life- times of up to 58 s. With efforts ongoing to increase the trap anisotropy, this potential shows promise for research into the static and rapidly rotating 2D systems. In the presence of a single time-averaging field, the shell geometry is transformed into a ring-shaped trap with an adjustable radius. The ring trap can be controllably tilted and progress towards multiply connected condensates is being made. A rotation scheme to spin up atoms in the ring trap has been demonstrated, presenting the opportunity to investigate the dynamics of super- flow in degenerate quantum gases.
Book Synopsis Strongly Correlated Systems in Ultracold Quantum Gases by : Henning Fehrmann
Download or read book Strongly Correlated Systems in Ultracold Quantum Gases written by Henning Fehrmann and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Papers, with Commentary, of Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme by : Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme
Download or read book Selected Papers, with Commentary, of Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme written by Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important papers of Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme are collected in this volume which also includes commentaries by G Brown and other articles relating to the life and work of Tony Skryme, R Dalitz, E Witten and others. Skyrme's work was brilliant, profound and surprisingly useful. He provided an original solution to the problem of constructing fermions from bosons, formulating the topological soliton model of the nucleon. His two-parameter model of effective interactions in nuclei has yielded a remarkably accurate description of nuclear structure. His à-particle model of nuclei gave deep insights into the structure of important and complicated excited states.This volume is a unique collection of Tony Skyrme's work. It is a must for all physicists in the high energy, nuclear and mathematical physics community.
