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Spillovers To Central America In Light Of The Crisis
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Book Synopsis Spillovers to Central America in Light of the Crisis by : Mr.Andrew Swiston
Download or read book Spillovers to Central America in Light of the Crisis written by Mr.Andrew Swiston and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates Central America's external linkages over the last fifteen years of increased integration in light of the 2008-09 global recession. Using structural VAR models, it is found that a one percent shock to U.S. growth shifts economic activity in Central America by 0.7 to 1 percent, on average. Spillovers from global shocks and the rest of the region also affect activity in some countries. Spillovers are mostly transmitted through advanced country financial conditions and fluctuations in external demand for Central American exports. Shocks to advanced economies associated with the 2008-09 financial crisis lowered economic activity in the region by 4 to 5 percent, on average, accounting for a majority of the observed slowdown. The impact was almost twice as large as elasticities estimated on pre-crisis data would have predicted. These results underscore the importance of operating credible policy frameworks that enable a countercyclical policy response to external shocks.
Book Synopsis Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic by : Mr.Marco Pinon
Download or read book Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic written by Mr.Marco Pinon and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic coped well with the global financial crisis of 2008-09. The impact was generally less severe and shorter lived than in previous episodes, the balance of payments adjustment was orderly, and the stability of the financial system was not compromised. This resilience can be attributed to a large extent to the strengthening of the fiscal frameworks, monetary management, and financial reforms conducted in the years preceding the global crisis. Nevertheless, the region faces considerable challenges for the period ahead, including the need to raise medium term growth above historical levels and protect macroeconomic and financial stability. This book argues that meeting these challenges will have to come from within, in light of the anticipated modest demand growth from trade partners. Raising growth in the region will depend on the adoption of structural reforms that generate substantial productivity gains. Rebuilding fiscal space and securing debt sustainability will hinge on efforts to increase tax revenue and reorienting spending to social and investment priorities. In the non-officially dollarized economies, it will also be essential to strengthen the monetary policy frameworks to keep inflation low and increase exchange rate flexibility, and improve financial regulation and supervision.
Book Synopsis Central Banking in Latin America by : Mr.Luis Ignacio Jácome
Download or read book Central Banking in Latin America written by Mr.Luis Ignacio Jácome and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a brief historical journey of central banking in Latin America to shed light on the debate about monetary policy in the post-global financial crisis period. The paper distinguishes three periods in Latin America’s central bank history: the early years, when central banks endorsed the gold standard and coped with the collapse of this monetary system; a second period, in which central banks turned into development banks under the aegis of governments at the expense of increasing inflation; and the “golden years,” when central banks succeeded in preserving price stability in an environment of political independence. The paper concludes by cautioning against overburdening central banks in Latin America with multiple mandates as this could end up undermining their hard-won monetary policy credibility.
Book Synopsis Getting the Most Out of Free Trade Agreements in Central America by : J. Humberto Lopez
Download or read book Getting the Most Out of Free Trade Agreements in Central America written by J. Humberto Lopez and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main message of the study is that Central America's ability to exploit the opportunities created by ongoing trade liberalization will depend on the ability of the region to implement a complementary policy agenda that creates an enabling policy and institutional environment.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1455243140 Total Pages :12 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (552 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Research Bulletin, September 2010 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book IMF Research Bulletin, September 2010 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes transmission of the great recession from advanced to emerging economies. The widespread impact of the global financial crisis of 2008–09 has spurred researchers to examine how the associated recession was transmitted from advanced to emerging economies. Recent IMF studies have found that precrisis vulnerabilities such as large current account deficits, rapid credit growth, and high levels of short-term debt were strongly associated with the magnitude of spillovers. Trade, bank lending, and financial markets served as key transmission channels.
Book Synopsis Panama by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Panama written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents empirical evidence on the effects of achieving investment grade on borrowing costs for the sovereign and the private sector. This study provides background information on sovereign credit ratings and compares Panama’s key macroeconomic and institutional characteristics with those of other emerging markets. Statistical evidence on the reduction in sovereign spreads associated with obtaining investment grade status and the impact of the sovereign’s upgrade on corporate financing costs were also discussed. The model is estimated using a variety of panel regression techniques.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498305571 Total Pages :100 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Costa Rica by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Costa Rica written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper examines several real sector issues, including estimates of potential output, the effect of Intel’s withdrawal on gross domestic product (GDP), labor market and inequality and electricity prices in Costa Rica. The production function approach shows that the main drivers of fluctuations in GDP growth are total factor productivity (TFP) and labor supply. These results on TFP, however, should be interpreted with caution. The TFP measure is a residual—the difference between output growth and the growth in the quantity (and quality) of inputs. Estimates suggest that potential GDP growth is about 4.3 percent, the output gap is broadly closed, and Intel’s withdrawal will lower real GDP growth in about 1/2 percentage point. Significant wage premia are identified across public versus private sectors and some evidence of intergenerational inequality is also presented. Electricity tariffs are found to be regionally competitive albeit with inefficiencies in their determination.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498335985 Total Pages :48 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Guatemala by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Guatemala written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues note estimates Guatemala’s potential output and output gap using the production function approach, univariate statistical filters, and multivariate models based on the Kalman filter method. In the production function approach, potential output is modeled as a function of potential labor and capital inputs, and total factor productivity (TFP). Results are robust to different methodologies and suggest that its potential output growth is about 3.5 percent and the output gap is on average closed. Structural breaks in potential output were identified in 1994, 2003, and 2008, which coincide to the Mexican tequila crisis, the free trade agreement with the US, and the financial crisis. Going forward, it is critical to undertake structural reforms to strengthen capital, labor, and TFP growth in order to accelerate potential growth. Univariate statistical methods provide a simple measure of potential output. The production function approach also indicates that the absence of productivity growth is a significant barrier to potential output growth.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484366506 Total Pages :51 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Panama by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Panama written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Panama’s extensive trade and financial linkages make it vulnerable to adverse external shocks, and this would have a sizable impact on Panama’s real activity. In the absence of monetary policy, macroprudential policy tools could usefully complement microprudential tools. A macroprudential supervisory body must possess the ability or power to collect and analyze firm-, market-, and global-level data to detect risks before they develop into full-blown crises. This study analyzes Panama’s tax structure, performance, and administration in order to identify priority areas for further strengthening
Author :International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484311795 Total Pages :39 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Guatemala by : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Download or read book Guatemala written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper estimates both Guatemala’s potential output and output gap using a wide range of econometric techniques. The analysis suggests that Guatemala’s potential output growth is about 3.5 percent for the whole sample period and that the output gap is almost closed. Results are highly robust among different methodologies. Among the methods used, several well-known time series filters and two different estimations of a state-space model are included. Additionally, a test for structural breaks in the series of potential GDP is presented. All methodologies conclude that the output gap at the end of 2012 is almost closed at -0.2 percent of potential GDP.
Book Synopsis Global Economic Prospects, January 2016 by : WorldBank
Download or read book Global Economic Prospects, January 2016 written by WorldBank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The January 2016 edition of Global Economic Prospects discusses current global and regional economic developments and prospects, analyzing key challenges and opportunities confronting developing countries. This volume addresses, among other topics, spillovers from large emerging markets and macroeconomic vulnerabilities during resource development. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report. Semiannually (January and June), it examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on developing countries. The report includes analysis of topical policy challenges faced by developing countries through in-depth research in the January edition and shorter analytical pieces in the June edition.
Book Synopsis Structural Change and Growth in Central America and the Dominican Republic by : Hugo E. Beteta
Download or read book Structural Change and Growth in Central America and the Dominican Republic written by Hugo E. Beteta and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreword -- The current global economic context: will the international financial crisis be surmounted or revisited? -- Economic growth and stabilization in Central America and the Dominican Republicin 1990-2011 -- Labour markets, inequality and poverty -- Central America and the Dominican Republic: role in the world economy and structural change -- The balance of payments and economic growth in Central America and the Dominican Republic -- Macroeconomic policy: main instruments and objectives -- Reflections on a macroeconomic policy for development -- Bibliography -- Annex
Book Synopsis Official Dollarization As a Monetary Regime by : Mr.Andrew Swiston
Download or read book Official Dollarization As a Monetary Regime written by Mr.Andrew Swiston and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines El Salvador’s transition to official dollarization by comparing aspects of this regime to the fixed exchange rate regime prevailing in the 1990s. Commercial bank interest rates are analyzed under an uncovered interest parity framework, and it is found that dollarization lowered rates by 4 to 5 percent by reducing currency risk. This has generated net annual savings averaging 1⁄2 percent of GDP for the private sector and 1⁄4 percent of GDP for the public sector (net of the losses from foregone seigniorage). Estimated Taylor rules show a strong positive association between Salvadoran output and U.S. Federal Reserve policy since dollarization, implying that this policy has served to stabilize economic activity more than it did under the peg and more than policy rates in Central American countries with independent monetary policy have done. Dollarization does not appear to have affected the transmission mechanism, as pass-through of monetary policy to commercial interest rates has been similar to pass-through under the peg and in the rest of Central America.
Book Synopsis International Macroeconomics in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis by : Laurent Ferrara
Download or read book International Macroeconomics in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis written by Laurent Ferrara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects selected articles addressing several currently debated issues in the field of international macroeconomics. They focus on the role of the central banks in the debate on how to come to terms with the long-term decline in productivity growth, insufficient aggregate demand, high economic uncertainty and growing inequalities following the global financial crisis. Central banks are of considerable importance in this debate since understanding the sluggishness of the recovery process as well as its implications for the natural interest rate are key to assessing output gaps and the monetary policy stance. The authors argue that a more dynamic domestic and external aggregate demand helps to raise the inflation rate, easing the constraint deriving from the zero lower bound and allowing monetary policy to depart from its current ultra-accommodative position. Beyond macroeconomic factors, the book also discusses a supportive financial environment as a precondition for the rebound of global economic activity, stressing that understanding capital flows is a prerequisite for economic-policy decisions.
Book Synopsis Germany In An Interconnected World Economy by : Mr.Ashoka Mody
Download or read book Germany In An Interconnected World Economy written by Mr.Ashoka Mody and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germany has been a central player in discussions on the future architecture of Europe, and has been called on to play a larger role in supporting global and, especially, European recovery from the financial crisis that triggered the Great Recession. This book focuses on the possible economic role of Germany and shows that the quantitative effects of a German fiscal stimulus would be small on the heavily indebted euro area periphery countries that most need the boost. The book finds that Germany itself faces a growth challenge and that efforts to raise its own growth potential are important for Germany, and that more rapid growth of domestic demand will more powerfully stimulate European economic growth through its expanded demand for imports.
Book Synopsis The Unintended Consequences of Peace by : Arie Marcelo Kacowicz
Download or read book The Unintended Consequences of Peace written by Arie Marcelo Kacowicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rigorous global examination of the links between peaceful borders and illicit transnational flows of crime and terrorism.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1589069536 Total Pages :106 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (89 download)
Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2010, Western Hemisphere by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2010, Western Hemisphere written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating Up in the South, Cooler in the North broadly describes the economic scene for the Western Hemisphere. The report emphasizes how a mixed environment--with slow recovery in the United States and other advanced economies, but strength in Asia--differently shapes the outlooks for the diverse economies of Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue also focuses on financial issues in Latin America, with a chapter on the challenges of allowing credit to expand safely, without creating excessive risks, and a chapter that looks at macroprudential financial policies--topics especially important in today's context of low global interest rates and capital flows to emerging economies. The final chapter turns to Caribbean economies, exploring the drivers, and obstacles, that affect their growth.
