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Spies In Space Reflections On National Reconnaissance And The Manned Orbiting Laboratory
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Book Synopsis Spies in Space by : Courtney V. K. Homer
Download or read book Spies in Space written by Courtney V. K. Homer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1963, the Air Force annouced it was developing a program to increase the Defense Department efforts to determine military usefulness in space. This program was called MOL (Manned Orbiting Laboratory). The program also held a highly classified component called "Dorian," managed by the National Reconnaissance Office. When the NRO declassified all its files on the Dorian and MOL programs in 2015, five astronauts (James Abrahamson, Karol Bobko, Albert Crews, Bob Crippen, and Richard Truly) and the program's technical director, Michael Yarymovych, shared their experiences and insight of being trained to be America's spies in space during the Cold War.
Author :Center for Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance Publisher : ISBN 13 :9781087310763 Total Pages :116 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (17 download)
Book Synopsis Spies in Space: Reflections on National Reconnaissance and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory by : Center for Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance
Download or read book Spies in Space: Reflections on National Reconnaissance and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory written by Center for Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-04 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December 1963, while a student at New York University in its Air Force ROTC program, I was intrigued by a press release by the Air Force. The release had announced that the Air Force was developing something called the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL). It was a program being developed to ". . . increase the Defense Department effort to determine military usefulness of men in space." This was a new domain for ROTC students to explore--Astronauts with a military mission! While I, my fellow students, and the public saw this merely as another major move forward by the US in its very public "space race" with the Soviet Union, little did we know that there was a hidden, highly classified aspect to the MOL effort. It was "Dorian," a deeply classified program managed by the then darkly hidden agency of the Intelligence Community, the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).Fifty-two years later, on 22 October 2015 I had the honor of meeting five of these NRO astronauts (James Abrahamson, Karol Bobko, Albert Crews, Bob Crippen, and Richard Truly), along with the program's technical director, Michael Yarymovych. These five pioneering individuals were members of a panel that I was moderating at the National Museum of the United States Air Force (NMUSAF) in Dayton, OH.The compendium included Carl Berger's earlier MOL history, which is a record of the administrative efforts to develop and sustain the MOL Program. This current book, Spies in Space--Reflections on National Reconnaissance and the Manned Orbiting Laboratory, goes well beyond that. The CSNR Oral Historian, Courtney Homer, conducted many hours of research, with a focus on oral history interviews. She based this new history on those interviews, as well as the findings from her additional documentary research.This book offers the reader a window into the experiences and insight of those who were training to be America's spies in space during the Cold War. It is the recollections of those who lived the Dorian and MOL experience.
Book Synopsis Spies in Space by : Courtney J V Homer
Download or read book Spies in Space written by Courtney J V Homer and published by Nimble Books. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the world of deeply classified military projects, "never-weres" and "might have beens" can shed great light on what actually has been happening behind the scenes. The Manned Orbital Laboratory, a secret project that was cancelled in 1969, illustrates that for more than sixty years, the US government has been energetically seeking persistent, easily-retasked, adaptive, and above all intelligent capabilities for monitoring adversaries from space. For those interested in military space[1], the history offers an essential reference point. If the MOL had flown, it would have been super cool; but the US secured the desired capabilities by other means, many of which are still deep black. This document provides a comprehensive overview of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program, a United States Air Force initiative in the 1960s aimed at developing a manned space platform for military reconnaissance during the Cold War. The document explores the objectives, challenges, and eventual cancellation of the program, as well as the debates and differing opinions surrounding MOL. It discusses concerns about cost, international relations, and the role of humans in space. The document also covers the training program for MOL crew members, their roles and responsibilities, and the development of the MOL system. Personal accounts express shock and disappointment over the program's termination, and mention the consequences such as layoffs and the transfer of MOL crew members to NASA. Overall, this document offers insights into the complexities and controversies surrounding the MOL program. This annotated edition illustrates the capabilities of the AI Lab for Book-Lovers to add context and ease-of-use to manuscripts. It includes five types of abstracts, building from simplest to more complex: TLDR (one word), ELI5, TLDR (vanilla), Scientific Style, and Action Items; four essays to increase viewpoint diversity: Context in the Discourse, Formal Dissent; Red Team Critique; and MAGA Perspective; and Notable Passages and Nutshell Summaries for each page. [1] Indeed, "For All Mankind."-Ed.
Download or read book Spies in Space written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was released by the NRO in May 2019. Between 1965 and 1969, quietly and without fanfare, 17 non-NASA individuals were astronaut-trained in order to meet the reconnaissance needs of the United States. They came from across the military services. Participants in the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program trained tirelessly and worked relentlessly because they believed they could contribute something unique to U.S. reconnaissance efforts and because they all shared a dream of flying in space. The purpose of this book is to offer a first-hand account of the MOL program for the first time. Shrouded in secrecy, the MOL program was declassified by the National Reconnaissance Office in 2015. This is the first opportunity many participants had to share their experiences with anyone outside their small cadres. The bulk of the book is written in their words, taken directly from transcripts of oral history interviews conducted over the last five years with program participants, as well as official documents and transcripts written by the officers who participated in and managed the programs.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Although the US Air Force announced the MOL project, they did not disclose the primary purpose of the program-to serve as a manned reconnaissance platform in space. Instead, the Air Force disclosed that the platform would be used for space experiments. During the early planning stages of the MOL program, the US Air Force sought a compelling reason for developing the program given NASA's mandate for manned space flight. The newly formed National Reconnaissance Office provided the most compelling reason for a military manned space program, putting a high resolution telescope into space to observe the activities of the Soviet Union and other US adversaries. At the time MOL was under development, the United States had already demonstrated that imagery and signals intelligence from space satellites provided compelling insight to US leaders, including the president. The limitations, especially of photoreconnaissance satellites, included timeliness of the intelligence and capture of the intelligence in optimal weather conditions. Photoreconnaissance satellites captured images on film that took days to weeks to be deorbited, processed, analyzed, and made available to senior US leadership. Often the imagery was of limited value because of persistent cloud cover over areas of interest to the US. A manned imagery collection system in space seemed an elegant solution for overcoming these limitations. In theory, national reconnaissance astronauts could spot targets of interest, especially in a crisis, and image on orbits where those areas of interest were free of cloud cover. The astronauts could then develop and provide a preliminary readout of conditions on the ground in a crisis situation. If successful, the MOL program would provide intelligence information that would otherwise not be available for critical US decision-making.Although the MOL program was cancelled, its legacy continued not only through the contributions to US space and defense programs by the astronauts who trained for the program, but also the technological development from the program. The technology investments in MOL were transferred to NASA for its own manned laboratory program that launched in the 1970s. The NRO also directly benefited in investments in both launch and reconnaissance collection systems that would mature for use in other NRO programs.
Book Synopsis The Curse of SLC-6 by : London Vallery
Download or read book The Curse of SLC-6 written by London Vallery and published by London Vallery. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From lucky last meals to kissing flags, rituals and superstition have always been a special tradition for the United States space program and its members. However, the spread of a rumored Native American curse on the nation's premier launch site was a first for the industry. Space Launch Complex- 6 (SLC-6), on what is now Vandenberg Space Force base in Lompoc, California, was constructed in 1966 to be the most sophisticated launch complex in the world, but, despite robust government funding, found itself plagued with over four decades of mission cancellations, collapses, floods, fires, and deaths. Amongst airmen, a rumor emerged that SLC-6 had been built atop of a Native American burial site belonging to the local Chumash tribe and thus began a contentious relationship between the future of America's space program and indigenous spirituality. Following from the initial construction of the launch facility to the declaration of a US government official that the site had been hexed, this thesis deconstructs how the rumored "Curse of SLC-6" reflects a larger and inherent tension between the perceptions of Native American identity and the visions of what a prosperous America looks like. This thesis analyzes significant historical points during the mid-late twentieth century including the fear of Soviet Espionage, the rise of the American Indian Movement, and the revival of the Mystic Native Trope in an attempt to understand the socio-political environment of Lompoc that allowed this rumor to flourish. Utilizing local newspapers, private Vandenberg archives, and exclusive interviews with base officials and Chumash elders, this research uncovers never before known information that upsets decades of misreporting on this conflict. Ultimately, this research concludes how the development of the US space program is inherently tied to the concept of national imperialism and is designed as an antithesis to indigenous communities.
Download or read book Black Space written by David Axe and published by Pen and Sword Military. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Orbital fortresses poised to fry entire cities with no warning using giant mirrors. Bombers that take off from Earth, punch through the thin border between the atmosphere and vacuum and take advantage of that lofty altitude to speed across the globe on missions of mass destruction. These and other exotic orbital weapons were under consideration, or even active development, in the early decades of humanity’s push into space. And no wonder. The era of frantic, dueling, American and Soviet space-exploration efforts -- which stretched from the end of World War II to the United States’ successful Moon landing in July 1969 -- had its roots in Nazi Germany, a country that pinned its hope for global conquest on equally ambitious superweapons. In the decades following World War II, the top scientists in the U.S. and Soviet space programs were ex-Nazis—most notably rocket-designer Wernher von Braun, who sided with the Americans. The basic technologies of the space race derived from Nazi superweapons, in particular von Braun’s V-2 rocket. But orbital war never broke out in those heady decades of intense space competition. It’s possible to triangulate the moment the seemingly inevitable became evitable. July 29, 1958. The day U.S. president Dwight Eisenhower reluctantly signed the law creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Starting that day, the U.S. military gradually ceded to NASA, a civilian agency, leadership of American efforts in space. Even von Braun, once a leading advocate of orbital warfare, went along. Space-based superweapons and their architects, and the high-stakes politics that reined them in, are the subject of this brief book.
Book Synopsis Spies and Shuttles by : James E. David
Download or read book Spies and Shuttles written by James E. David and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this real life spy saga, James E. David reveals the extensive and largely hidden interactions between NASA and U.S. defense and intelligence departments. The story begins with the establishment of NASA in 1958 and follows the agency through its growth, not only in scope but also in complexity. In Spies and Shuttles, David digs through newly declassified documents to ultimately reveal how NASA became a strange bedfellow to the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He tracks NASA’s early cooperation—supplying cover stories for covert missions, analyzing the Soviet space program, providing weather and other scientific data from its satellites, and monitoring missile tests—that eventually devolved into NASA’s reliance on DoD for political and financial support for the Shuttle. David also examines the restrictions imposed on such activities as photographing the Earth from space and the intrusive review mechanisms to ensure compliance. The ties between NASA and the intelligence community have historically remained unexplored, and David’s riveting book is the first to investigate the twists and turns of this labyrinthine relationship.
Book Synopsis A History of Satellite Reconnaissance by : James D. Outzen
Download or read book A History of Satellite Reconnaissance written by James D. Outzen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spy Satellite Manual by : Dr. David Baker
Download or read book Spy Satellite Manual written by Dr. David Baker and published by Haynes Publishing UK. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1954, three years before the launch of Sputnik 1, the world’s first satellite, top-secret discussions were held in the United States to plan the development of military spy satellites, designed to obtain detailed photography of the Soviet Union’s military strength, and its potential for waging nuclear war. This book takes a detailed look at the programmes which resulted from the clandestine decision in the US to build highly secret spy satellites in parallel with civilian space plans, revealing for the first time previously classified details of the design and layout of photographic reconnaissance (spy) satellites including the Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), America’s planned military space station. The author has obtained declassified material, lifting the veil of secrecy covering exactly what spy satellites are, how they operate, what their limitations are and what they look like. This book focuses on the development of the spy satellites themselves and on the political arena in which their successes, and failures, were played out, providing a fascinating insight into a secretive world.
Book Synopsis Shades of Gray by : L. Parker Temple
Download or read book Shades of Gray written by L. Parker Temple and published by AIAA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this work, Temple tracks the evolution of space reconnaissance systems from their seeds in the painful lessons of Pearl Harbor through the challenges of today" --book cover.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Revolution 1960 by : Ingard Clausen
Download or read book Intelligence Revolution 1960 written by Ingard Clausen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview: Provides a history of the Corona Satellite photo reconnaissance Program. It was a joint Central Intelligence Agency and United States Air Force program in the 1960s. It was then highly classified.
Author :Air Force Historical Foundation. Symposium Publisher :Department of the Air Force ISBN 13 : Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis The U.S. Air Force in Space, 1945 to the Twenty-First Century: Proceedings by : Air Force Historical Foundation. Symposium
Download or read book The U.S. Air Force in Space, 1945 to the Twenty-First Century: Proceedings written by Air Force Historical Foundation. Symposium and published by Department of the Air Force. This book was released on 1998-09-02 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains papers presented at the Air Force Historical Foundation Symposium, held at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, on September 21-22, 1995. Topics addressed are: Pt. 1, The Formative Years, 1945-1961; Pt. 2, Mission Development and Exploitation Since 1961; and Pt. 3, Military Space Today and Tomorrow. Includes notes, abbreviations & acronyms, an index, and photographs.
Download or read book Deep Black written by William E. Burrows and published by Berkley. This book was released on 1988 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: They are on the cutting edge of technology--the top-secret, billion-dollar instruments of super-power espionage. They are spy satellites--the means by which the super-pwers keep tabs on each other in the deep black of space. Excellent . . . Highly recommended --Booklist.
Book Synopsis America's Secret Eyes in Space by : Jeffrey Richelson
Download or read book America's Secret Eyes in Space written by Jeffrey Richelson and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1990 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Beyond Horizons by : David N. Spires
Download or read book Beyond Horizons written by David N. Spires and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spying from Space by : David Christopher Arnold
Download or read book Spying from Space written by David Christopher Arnold and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-12 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 14, 1960, a revolution quietly occurred in the reconnaissance capabilities of America. When the Air Force C-119 Flying Boxcar Pelican 9 caught a bucket returning from space with film from a satellite, the American intelligence community gained access to previously denied information about the Soviet Union. The Corona reconnaissance satellite missions that followed lifted the veil of secrecy from the communist bloc, revealing, among other things, that no “Missile Gap” existed. This revolution in military intelligence could not have occurred without the development of the command and control systems that made the Space Race possible. In Spying from Space, David Christopher Arnold tells the story of how military officers and civilian contractors built the Air Force Satellite Control Facility (AFSCF) to support the National Reconnaissance Program. The AFSCF also had a unique relationship with the National Reconnaissance Office, a secret organization that the U.S. government officially concealed as late as the 1990s. Like every large technology system, the AFSCF evolved as a result of the interaction of human beings with technology and with each other. Spying from Space fills a gap in space history by telling the story of the command and control systems that made rockets and satellites useful. Those interested in space flight or intelligence efforts will benefit from this revealing look into a little-known aspect of American achievement. Those fascinated by how large, complex organizations work will also find this an intriguing study of inter-service rivalries and clashes between military and civilian cultures.
Book Synopsis 20th Century Spy in the Sky Satellites by : U. S. Military
Download or read book 20th Century Spy in the Sky Satellites written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of our comprehensive series on the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and its "spy satellite" network, this volume covers the Gambit photoreconnaissance satellite flown between 1963 and 1984. The previously classified documents in this collection were released by the NRO in September 2011 as part of its 50th anniversary. In declassifying these fascinating documents, the NRO has opened the curtain to show the tremendous challenges that were overcome to achieve the impressive successes that help win the Cold War. CORONA was the first successful program in applying space vehicles to overflight reconnaissance operations. In its several evolutionary versions, CORONA steadily improved its photographic surveys of denied areas (with final resolutions of six to ten feet), operating in what the Intelligence Community calls "search mode." GAMBIT was developed to perform at even better resolutions than CORONA and work against specified targets-an operation usually referred to as "surveillance mode." GAMBIT fulfilled this surveillance function from July 1963 to April 1984. Although Corona provided the capability to search large areas from space, the U.S. still lacked high resolution imagery. Approximately one year after the first launch of Corona, the National Reconnaissance Office began development of its first high resolution satellite program, codenamed Gambit. Over time, the Gambit program evolved into two different systems. The first Gambit system, launched in 1963, was equipped with the KH-7 camera system that included a 77-inch focal length camera for providing specific information on scientific and technical capabilities that threatened the nation. Intelligence users often characterized this capability as surveillance, allowing the United States to track the advancement of Soviet and others' capabilities. The second system, Gambit 3 was equipped with the KH-8 camera system that included a 175-inch focal length camera. The system was first launched in 1966 and provided the U.S. with exquisite surveillance capabilities from space for nearly two decades. The NRO launched a final system, codenamed Hexagon, in 1971 to improve upon Corona's capability to search broad and wide denied areas for threats to the United States. The system sometimes carried a mapping camera to aid in U.S. military war planning. The United States depended on these search and surveillance satellites to understand the capabilities, intentions, and advancements of those who opposed the United States during the Cold War. Together they became America's essential eyes in space. Here is an excerpt from one of the documents about Gambit: "Earlier in the day the launch crew had notified Greer that during the final checkout they had uncovered a fault in the Atlas booster that would either force delay or cause reliance on a component not tested to the extent required by specifications. Shouldering aside the oppressive memory of unbroken failures and "partial successes" in the E-5 and E-6 programs, Greer ordered continuation of the countdown. It was a personal decision, taken without consultation with others, based as much on instinct as on the confidence of a program director who had done all that could be done to insure success. For an instant during the launch itself, most observers experienced the horrified conviction that the decision had been wrong, that disaster had come again to the Air Force satellite reconnaissance program. The splashing rocket exhaust of the Atlas knocked out all electrical connections to telemetry and cameras, giving the impression of a major launch stand explosion to observers at Sunnyvale and El Segundo. But seconds later the signals began to come through again, and they said that the Atlas was climbing stolidly toward its selected launch window."
