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Spectroscopic Measurements Of The Combustion Of Aluminum And Aluminum Based Energetic Material Particles Using A Heterogeneous Shock Tube
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Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Measurements of the Combustion of Aluminum and Aluminum-Based Energetic Material Particles Using a Heterogeneous Shock Tube by : Timothy A. Bazyn
Download or read book Spectroscopic Measurements of the Combustion of Aluminum and Aluminum-Based Energetic Material Particles Using a Heterogeneous Shock Tube written by Timothy A. Bazyn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Temperature Spectroscopic Measurements of Aluminum Combustion in a Heterogeneous Shock Tube by : Patrick T. Lynch
Download or read book High Temperature Spectroscopic Measurements of Aluminum Combustion in a Heterogeneous Shock Tube written by Patrick T. Lynch and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminum is an important energetic material that burns with a variety of oxidizers with a high reaction enthalpy. It is a top performer for energy density if oxidizer mass is considered as well as the fuel. Because of this, it is often used as an energetic additive in anaerobic conditions because it reacts in what typically are products of primary fuels and oxidizers and further increases chamber temperatures in solid rocket motors or blast overpressure in enhanced blast weapons. Despite decades of research, gaps still exist in the knowledge of how aluminum burns, especially with the recent trend of using smaller particles (10 micron and below). While aluminum is a very energetic material, its rate of oxidation is relatively low, and efforts are made to not only increase the heat release rate of particles reacting with oxidizer, but also to increase peak combustion temperature. Experimental studies were performed measuring the combustion characteristics of aluminum in the heterogeneous shock tube. The heterogeneous shock tube provides unmatched control of temperature, pressure, oxidizer concentration, etc., in which to test energetic materials of different particle sizes. The burning time diameter exponent, n as in t_b ~ d^n, in aluminum particle combustion was measured to be as low as, or lower than 0.3, in conditions in the transition regime between kinetic and diffusion limited particles. This anomalous result, as well as observed increases of burn time with pressure when using water vapor as an oxidizer had been attributed to a pressure dependence on ignition of particles in these conditions or broad overlapping size distributions. Both theories were tested and rejected. Furthermore, an acrylic end section was implemented on the shock tube which provides complete optical access to the final 61 cm of the shock tube. This optical access allowed high speed images (50k fps) of the particle motion, ignition, and combustion. Results are presented which give a more complete understanding of burntime variability in the heterogeneous shock tube, owing to the contribution of initially wall-bound particles vs. those that are in the free stream upon the passage of the incident shock, bright clusters of rapidly moving burning particles, and non-uniform cloud distributions in the tube, all previously undifferentiated by shock tube burntime methods. Absorption spectroscopy was used to probe the ground state of Aluminum monoxide (AlO), a gas phase combustion intermediate, and Al vapor in order to quantify the amount of Al and AlO present under conditions where these species were not observed in emission previously, notably in most conditions with nano-aluminum particles. At least three regimes of combustion were observed for nano-aluminum combustion. At temperatures above 2000 K, particles burn with AlO and Al vapor present. Between 1500 K and 2000 K, particles burn with Al vapor present, but without detectable AlO. Between 1200 K and 1500 K, particles burn without either vapor phase component present. These results had important implications for two proposed mechanisms for nano-aluminum ignition and combustion. Optical measurements of the peak combustion temperature from AlO consistently measure near 3200 K in micro-Al combustion, even though higher temperatures are seen near larger particles. One proposed limiting factor was the volatilization temperature of alumina. The reference literature is divided on this temperature, which previously was measured with large extrapolations. The volatilization temperature was measured by measuring the extinction cross-section of nano- and micro-alumina at non-resonant wavelengths at different ambient temperatures. The volatilization temperature at 1 atm appears to be at least as high as 4000 K and does not appear to be a limiting temperature in micro-Al combustion Finally, two other sets of measurements were made to support high temperature measurements of aluminum combustion, especially in the optically thick conditions commonly observed in propellant plumes or explosive fireballs. The first was a measurement of the alumina emissivity spectral dependence, which is absolutely necessary to make pyrometric measurements. A significant temperature dependence was observed in the emissivity spectral dependence. Additionally, spatially resolved fiber optic emission probing was used in the optically thick fireballs from aluminized explosives. Using the probes allowed observations inside the fireball and avoided biases from temperature inhomogeneity and ambient air interactions in these explosive fireballs.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
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Book Synopsis News in Engineering by : Ohio State University. Engineering Experiment Station
Download or read book News in Engineering written by Ohio State University. Engineering Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The News in Engineering at the Ohio State University College of Engineering by : Ohio State University. Engineering Experiment Station
Download or read book The News in Engineering at the Ohio State University College of Engineering written by Ohio State University. Engineering Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conference Papers Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monthly. Papers presented at recent meeting held all over the world by scientific, technical, engineering and medical groups. Sources are meeting programs and abstract publications, as well as questionnaires. Arranged under 17 subject sections, 7 of direct interest to the life scientist. Full programs of meetings listed under sections. Entry gives citation number, paper title, name, mailing address, and any ordering number assigned. Quarterly and annual indexes to subjects, authors, and programs (not available in monthly issues).
Book Synopsis Electronic Composition in Printing by : Richard W. Lee
Download or read book Electronic Composition in Printing written by Richard W. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Symposium on Electronic Composition in Printing was held at the Gaithersburg Laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards.The symposium was a state-of-the-art review of a rapidly advancing field of computer application with great potentialities for increased efficiency and savings in the Federal Government.(Author).
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Book Synopsis Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Japanese Science and Technology by :
Download or read book Japanese Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: