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Download or read book Spatial Variation in Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Dynamics and Juvenile Recruitment Potential in an Appalachian Watershed written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas Casey Weathers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book CONSERVATION GENETICS OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus Fontinalis). written by Thomas Casey Weathers and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many range-restricted species, particularly mountaintop species, are often the first groups in which entire species experience extinction due to range contractions and perturbations. Rear-edge, lower latitude, salmonid populations often occupy fragmented habitats and may in turn exhibit more pronounced signatures of isolation than higher latitude conspecifics. Therefore, rear-edge populations present significant conservation challenges to biologists interested in identifying and maintaining ecological and evolutionary processes within and among such populations. Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), the only endemic salmonid to southern Appalachia, are rich in ecologically and evolutionarily interesting traits such as multiple life history forms, broad latitudinal and elevational distribution, and prodigious neutral genetic differentiation. Causes of continual Brook Trout population and range declines include overharvest, acid precipitation, habitat degradation, competition with non-native species, and climate change. Such declines have led to the increased isolation of many populations of Brook Trout. In the absence of gene flow many isolated populations of Brook Trout may exhibit rapid genetic drift or inbreeding, thus resulting in subsequent losses of adaptive potential. Consequently, there is considerable demand for the implementation of restoration programs that maximize population recovery and resilience of wild Brook Trout. As such, resource managers must plan for an evolutionary future for such a trust species. While the current paradigm of conservation places emphasis on recognition and protection of irreplaceable evolutionarily distinct lineages, the precise and accurate delineation of populations must become a priority. Once populations are identified the best strategy for future conservation may be to enhance connectivity via restoration or translocation efforts rather than protecting specific genotypes. Elucidating spatial clusters of Brook Trout is critical to their conservation, particularly regarding unprecedented environmental change. Therefore, I have combined informative microsatellite data with riverscape genetics approaches to assess whether functional (meta)population assemblages exist among rear-edge populations of Brook Trout sampled across southern Appalachia in the following research chapters. My research elucidates the effects of isolation and fragmentation on Brook Trout genetic and phenotypic (i.e., morphometric and meristic) differentiation, whether neighboring populations exhibit enough gene flow to warrant being considered metapopulations, and the effect of potential barriers to gene flow upon subsequent metapopulation dynamics and genetic diversity. My research largely suggests that rear-edge populations of Brook Trout exhibit extensive neutral genetic differences and appear to be prodigiously isolated. My findings provide biologists a reference when setting management and conservation priorities and may foster more aggressive efforts focused on restoring connectivity among many populations of rear-edge Brook Trout. Further, by demarcating population and subpopulation clusters across riverscapes I provide resource managers information needed to enhance future Brook Trout conservation outcomes.I sought to document existing patterns of genetic variation within and among populations of Brook Trout and then translate my results into an approachable format for managers to access for future management and conservation decision making and to further encourage managers to implement population genetic monitoring programs. My work supports that non-native trout removals combined with habitat restorations could improve connectivity and enhance the outlook for many fragmented populations of wild, native brook trout across southern Appalachia. Moreover, it is my hope that the results from these studies can be used by Brook Trout biologists to select local restoration source stocks used to potentially bolster the effectiveness of different conservation strategies (i.e., founder translocations and genetic rescue).
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (439 download)
Download or read book The Influence of Hydrological Patterns on Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Population Dynamics in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrologic processes impact the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and influence fish population dynamics. The flow regime of a stream affects the structure, composition, and productivity of fish communities by regulating abiotic habitat conditions and biotic community processes. In the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM), native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations have declined in some watersheds over the past decade, believed to be primarily due to episodic acidification. The potential affects long-term hydrologic patterns, temporal hydrologic trends, and hydrologic extremes have on brook and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations were explored in this study. The current GRSM fish sampling program began nearly two decades ago; a total of 69 streams, including 369 sites, are routinely sampled by GRSM fisheries biologists with standard methods. Detailed data is collected on the trout populations. The Nature Conservancy's Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) was used to quantify the flow regime of each stream into 67 ecological relevant parameters. Because the trout sites were located in remote ungaged streams, the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) was used to simulate flows at each trout site for a study period lasting 18 years (1990-2007). Using local climate data the model was calibrated by adjusting parameters including storage, infiltration, runoff, and ground water for three elevation classes (low
Author : Christopher J. Schmitt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Model for Brook Trout in Streams of the Southern Blue Ridge Province written by Christopher J. Schmitt and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lucas Nathan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Conservation Applications of Watershed-Level Brook Trout Riverscape Genetics written by Lucas Nathan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations are often fragmented due to anthropogenic influences. Although research and conservation actions have traditionally focused at the stream-reach level, inter-stream movements may connect seemingly isolated populations to form larger metapopulations. The overall goal of my research was to use watershed-level riverscape genetics to inform Brook Trout conservation. Specifically, my objectives were to 1) present a synthesis of existing Brook Trout literature and identify future research directions, 2) evaluate Brook Trout genetic population structuring and identify gene flow barriers at the watershed level, 3) validate and modify a pre-existing Brook Trout habitat patch spatial layer that can be used to predict extant Brook Trout metapopulations, and 4) develop decision support tools to identify Brook Trout conservation opportunity areas (COAs) at watershed levels. Using empirical data, I found evidence of genetic connectivity among streams spanning 5 - 15 km of mainstem habitat. Watersheds with high levels of development were associated with increased differentiation, suggesting that development acts a barrier to gene flow at the watershed level. The pre-existing patch layer adequately predicted many genetic metapopulations, however patches with dams or high levels of development often exhibited higher levels of genetic structuring. Modifying the patches reduced evidence of genetic structuring, which suggested a better representation of existing genetic patterns. Using the set of COA tools, I identified patches and watersheds across Connecticut to target for specific conservation actions. Simulating barrier removals, I found rapid (1 - 10 years) increases in genetic diversity, however barrier severity and monitoring location strongly influenced the observed effects. Through this research, I have demonstrated that Brook Trout, despite being isolated by unsuitable mainstem habitat, exist in metapopulations at the watershed level. Such dynamics are important for long term population viability, and thus conservation actions should take watershed-level processes into consideration. Using the modified patch layer and the set of COA tools I developed as part of this research, resource managers can visualize and identify areas across broad landscapes to target for Brook Trout conservation. Doing so will promote the long-term resilience and adaptive potential of Brook Trout metapopulations.
Author : Joanne E. Printz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Genetic Characteristics of Southern and Northern Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations at the Zone of Contact written by Joanne E. Printz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genetic evidence suggests differentiation among evolutionarily significant units of southern and northern Appalachian brook trout, with the zone of contact in southwestern Virginia. Before this differentiation was recognized, brook trout of northern origin were stocked throughout the southeastern United States. In order to determine this differentiation, established allozyme markers were used to classify 56 southwest Virginia populations as southern, northern, or introgressed. Variation at 4 polymorphic loci, including the diagnostic creatine kinase (CK-A2*) locus, indicated that 19 populations were of southern origin, 5 of northern origin, and 32 of mixed genetic origin. Data compiled among genetic studies of brook trout in the southern Appalachians showed that the southern/northern break is sharp, occurring at the New/Roanoke-James watershed divide. New River drainage populations exhibited the southern allele at high frequency, suggesting their historic native character as southern, with presence of northern alleles due to stocking or stream capture events. In conclusion, the present study suggests that management of southern Appalachian brook trout should include: (1) genetically cognizant planning of stocking events, (2) management of populations on a stream-by-stream basis, (3) prioritized conservation of pure southern brook trout populations, and (4) use of southern Appalachian hatchery stocks in restoration efforts.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Assessing Populations of Eastern Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Above and Below Waterfalls in Mountain Streams of Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenically driven factors, such as increasing temperature and sediment in valley streams, acidification of mountain streams, and the introduction of non-native trout, are restricting habitat suitable for healthy populations of eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) throughout their native Appalachian range. Brook trout are important as predators of insects in mountain streams and as a favorite of anglers. It is crucial that remaining populations in sustainable habitats be identified and preserved. Waterfalls are geologic knickpoints preventing base-level lowering that create unique, stable landscapes above them, which may alleviate the temperature-productivity/acidity "habitat squeeze" for populations of brook trout and could serve as potentially ideal targets for conservation efforts despite being isolated. This study investigates brook trout occurrence above waterfalls in Virginia and compares brook trout populations found above waterfalls to those below them. One-hundred meter reaches above and below seven waterfalls in Virginia's George Washington and Jefferson National Forest were sampled for brook trout via 3-pass, block-netted, backpack electrofishing depletions. All brook trout were counted, weighed, and measured for fork length. The response variables are differences in 1) percent dominance, 2) population size, 3) biomass, and 4) length-weight index (Fulton's Condition Factor) between brook trout above and below waterfalls. Brook trout dominance (100 vs. 36.9%) is greater above than below waterfalls, but not significantly (p = 0.1003). We found abundance (26 vs.12 individuals per 100m) and overall biomass (885.3 vs 284.6 grams per 100m) of brook trout populations above waterfalls to be significantly greater than their below waterfall counterparts (p = 0.078 for both). We also found brook trout above waterfalls to have a higher condition factor (1.086g/cm3 vs 1.0636g/cm3) than those below waterfalls (p = 0.031). Lastly, we found populations above waterfalls where their occurrence was previously unknown. Despite being isolated, brook trout populations above waterfalls were just as if not more robust than those below and may be excellent targets for conservation.
Author : Robert F. Carline
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Influence of Recruitment Rates on Production by Three Populations of Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis Mitchell). written by Robert F. Carline and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Amber Olson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Response of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations to Habitat Conditions and Competition in Southern Appalachian Streams written by Amber Olson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sean Richard Clancy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (497 download)
Download or read book Comparative Ecology of the Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis Mitchill) in Two Natural and One Fertilized Lake in Central Insular Newfoundland written by Sean Richard Clancy and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Erin Nicole Danielle Pallette Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Long-term Population Dynamics of an Unexploited Lacustrine Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population written by Erin Nicole Danielle Pallette Brown and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jacquelyn L. A. Wood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Investigating the Conservation Genetics Small Population Paradigm Using the Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) written by Jacquelyn L. A. Wood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation genetics small population paradigm predicts reduced quantitative genetic variation and consequently, adaptive potential, for populations which have become small and isolated due to habitat fragmentation. While these expectations are supported by laboratory studies, their generality in wild populations remain unresolved. In actuality, the evolutionary consequences of fragmentation may depend on whether environmental characteristics– and by extension, selective regimes are (1) shifted in a consistent directional manner as is widely assumed (Directional hypothesis), or (2) become more variable as population and fragment size decrease (Variable hypothesis); this latter possibility has so far received little empirical attention. Implementing field techniques, I explore these two competing hypotheses by relating variability in habitat characteristics to population size in a series of differentially abundant brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations located at Cape Race, Newfoundland. I furthermore use these hypotheses as a foundation to test the assumptions of the conservation genetic small population paradigm by investigating the relationships of population size at Cape Race to additive genetic variation (VA), trait differentiation (QST), and phenotypic plasticity in common garden analyses, and to the extent of natural selection in a meta-analysis using a large number of natural populations and species. Across two years and in relation to two population size metrics, patterns of habitat characteristics among small versus large Cape Race populations supported the Variable hypothesis. However, small brook trout populations did not significantly differ from large populations in either the magnitude or variability of VA, QST, or phenotypic plasticity. Results of the meta-analysis similarly revealed little support for differences in the strength, direction, and form of selection among wild populations differing in population size. The lack of differences might be explained by long term fluctuating environmental conditions which resulted in fluctuating selective pressures and similar outcomes among small compared to large Cape Race populations, and among the species included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results of this research contradict the assumption that small populations generally inhabit marginal environments and also dispute the major tenets of the conservation genetics small population paradigm. Taken together, they suggest that even very small populations of some species may retain the adaptive potential necessary to cope with future environmental change.
Download or read book ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON THE DECLINE, RESTORATION, AND ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF LAKE SUPERIOR'S COASTER BROOK TROUT written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The coaster brook trout is a life history variant of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) that is characterized by either lake residency or migration between stream and lake habitats. Coaster brook trout were once widespread throughout Lake Superior and its tributaries, but populations declined sharply in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Historically, brook trout were a popular target of recreational and subsistence fishing in the Lake Superior basin, and it has been hypothesized that angling pressure combined with multiple forms of industrial development are what drove the coaster brook trout's decline. In the mid to late 19th century, the logging, lumbering, and mining industries proliferated rapidly, along with the network of railroads, which provided connectivity for industry and access to once remote fishing locations. However, it is unknown to what degree each of the proposed factors influenced the coaster's decline. In Chapter 1, we collected and analyzed historical data (Pre 1880-1950) on the distribution & abundance of brook trout in Lake Superior tributaries, along with historical data on the development and expansion of industries around Lake Superior to examine potential associations between specific anthropogenic impacts and coaster brook trout declines. The data were separated into four temporal categories (Pre 1880-1880, 1881-1900, 1901-1920, 1921-1950) to examine reports of brook trout catches during critical time periods in industrial developments around Lake Superior. We performed a geospatial analysis using ArcGIS Pro that demonstrated a decrease in both putative coaster brook trout abundance and range over time. Brook trout decreased notably between the '1881-1900' time period and the '1901-1920' time period, following large increases in both lumber mills and kilometers of railroad. We performed a principal component analysis to reveal potential associations between variation in industrial variables and brook trout abundances in watersheds between the first and final time periods (Pre 1880-1880 & 1921-1950, respectively). Our analysis showed that the majority of watersheds analyzed experienced a decrease in brook trout abundance and suggested that the industrial development variables we examined all are associated with and thus may have all influenced brook trout decline, though to varying degrees, as some developments were highly localized. Angling appears to be an important factor in the decline of brook trout populations around Lake Superior, as active angling (noted removals of brook trout) occurred in every watershed for which we found data. Furthermore, brook trout populations declined almost universally, even in watersheds for which we recorded little to no industrial footprint. In Chapter 2, I examine historical and modern brook trout management initiatives, use an eco-evolutionary perspective to inform potential management & restoration strategies, and identify potential restoration watersheds using the historical GIS data from Chapter 1. I used these data to create a table of prioritized restoration sites by compiling watersheds that had both a high likelihood of historical migratory brook trout populations and also experienced little industrialization. With this information, we identified several locations in Wisconsin, Michigan, and northern Minnesota that may be optimal coaster restoration watersheds.
Author : Bradley Creighton Stitt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Thermal Adaptive Potential written by Bradley Creighton Stitt and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statewide Analysis of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Status and Reach-scale Conservation Priorities in West Virginia Watersheds written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John Duncan Quackenbos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (5 download)
Download or read book Geological Ancestors of the Brook Trout and Recent Saibling Forms from which it Evolved written by John Duncan Quackenbos and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George Alan Kelly
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Changes in Distribution of Trout in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1900-1977 written by George Alan Kelly and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant changes have occurred in the distribution of trout in streams of Great Smoky Mountains National Park since 1900. By the mid-1970's the original range of the native brook trout had been reduced by about 70% and the species was relegated to suboptimal habitat in head water streams. Most of the stream sections lost by brook trout became the territory of the introduced rainbow trout, which in 1977 occupied about 80% of the Park waters. After 1950, brown trout introduced in State waters outside the Park established reproducing populations in some 50 miles of stream formerly occupied only by rainbow trout. If current trends continue, the recovery of brook trout in Park water may be difficult, if not impossible, and brown trout may occupy much of the territory now held by rainbow trout.
