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Spatial Mapping Of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Materials Properties And Electrical Response To Improve Device Yield And Performance
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Book Synopsis Spatial Mapping of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Materials Properties and Electrical Response to Improve Device Yield and Performance by :
Download or read book Spatial Mapping of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Materials Properties and Electrical Response to Improve Device Yield and Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium zinc telluride has experienced tremendous growth in its application to various radiation sensing problems over the last five years. However, there are still issues with yield, particularly of the large volume devices needed for imaging and sensitivity-critical applications. Inhomogeneities of various types and on various length scales currently prevent the fabrication of large devices of high spectral performance. This paper discusses the development of a set of characterization tools for quantifying these inhomogeneities, in order to develop improvement strategies to achieve the desired cadmium zinc telluride crystals for detector fabrication.
Book Synopsis Material Properties of Large-volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals and Their Relationship to Nuclear Detector Performance by :
Download or read book Material Properties of Large-volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals and Their Relationship to Nuclear Detector Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material showing the greatest promise today for production of large-volume gamma-ray spectrometers operable at room temperature is cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). Unfortunately, because of deficiencies in the quality of the present material, high-resolution CZT spectrometers have thus far been limited to relatively small dimensions, which makes them inefficient at detecting high photon energies and ineffective for weak radiation signals except in near proximity. To exploit CZT fully, it will be necessary to make substantial improvements in the material quality. Improving the material involves advances in the purity, crystallinity, and control of the electrical compensation mechanism. Sandia National Laboratories, California, in close collaboration with US industry and academia, has initiated efforts to develop a detailed understanding of the underlying material problems limiting the performance of large volume gamma-ray spectrometers and to overcome them through appropriate corrections therein. A variety of analytical and numerical techniques are employed to quantify impurities, compositional and stoichiometric variations, crystallinity, strain, bulk and surface defect states, carrier mobilities and lifetimes, electric field distributions, and contact chemistry. Data from these measurements are correlated with spatial maps of the gamma-ray and alpha particle spectroscopic response to determine improvements in the material purification, crystal growth, detector fabrication, and surface passivation procedures. The results of several analytical techniques will be discussed. The intended accomplishment of this work is to develop a low-cost, high-efficiency CZT spectrometer with an active volume of 5 cm3 and energy resolution of 1--2% (at 662 keV), which would give the US a new field capability for screening radioactive substances.
Book Synopsis Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride by : Mohamed Alshal
Download or read book Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride written by Mohamed Alshal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for wide bandgap semiconductors for radiation detector applications has significantly increased in recent years due to an ever-growing need for safeguard measures and medical imaging systems amongst other applications. The need for these devices to be portable and efficient, and to operate at room temperature is important for practical applications. For radiation detectors, the semiconductor materials are mainly required to have an optimal energy gap, high average atomic number, good electrical resistivity and charge transport properties as well as purity and homogeneity. Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) distinctly stands out among the other choices of semiconductor materials for radiation detector applications, due to its attractive material properties and the room temperature operation possibility. A tremendous amount of research is being conducted to improve CZT technology and its implementation into more commercial systems. Applications of CZT detector technology in national security, high energy physics, nuclear spectroscopy, and medical imaging systems are of special interests. However, CZT devices still face challenges that need to be understood and overcome in order to have more efficient radiation detector systems. One such challenge lies in the understanding of the surfaces of CZT detectors and surface recombination effects on charge transport, charge collection efficiency, and detector performance. Another common issue is the degradation of CZT detectors due to the presence of defects which can act as traps for the charge carriers and cause incomplete charge collection from the detectors. Thus, a major challenge is that, the commercial CZT crystals have large concentrations of defects and impurities that need to be characterized, and their effects on the detector performance should be studied. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a sensitive, non-contact and non-destructive method, suitable to characterize lower concentrations of point defects, such as substitutional impurities (donors, acceptors) and native defects in CZT crystals. A PL spectrum provides information regarding the defect nature of the crystal by determining the presence and the type of vacancies, interstitials, and impurities in the lattice. The main objective of this thesis is to address the presence of the defects in CZT crystals, identify their types, and study their roles in the performance of x-ray radiation detectors using PL spectroscopy. Additionally, using PL method and different excitation sources including UV excitation, this thesis studies the surface of CZT samples and investigates the PL signature of the surface oxide of the samples, in an effort to optimize the surface processing and thereby improve CZT detector performance.
Book Synopsis Strategies and Challenges to Improve Single Crystal Yield and Detector Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluirde [that Is, Telluride] Grown Via Accelerated Crucible Rotation by : Saketh Kakkireni
Download or read book Strategies and Challenges to Improve Single Crystal Yield and Detector Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluirde [that Is, Telluride] Grown Via Accelerated Crucible Rotation written by Saketh Kakkireni and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state radiation detection finds its applications in numerous fields ranging from nuclear medicine to astrophysics. Although Semiconductors offer better energy and spatial resolution than Scintillators, their market share is limited by the cost, availability and need for cryogenic cooling. Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is a compound semiconductor with attractive properties for compact device technology for detection of X-rays and Gamma-rays. Over the past few decades' numerous efforts are made to grow high-quality CZT, unfortunately to-date it's application is limited by large-scale production and cost. Poor thermo-physical properties of CZT coupled with no strong growth direction make it a challenge to achieve high yield of single crystalline material. Current industrial flux growth technique is inherently limited by slow growth rates and requires post-processing. The solution may be found in the Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique (ACRT), where the crystal growth is achieved under a forced convective regime involving periodic rotation of the growth crucible. ACRT induced flow patterns can homogenize the melt thereby enabling faster growth rates and eliminate the need for post-processing. Our preliminary results, presented here, show that ACRT can reduce the production time by a factor of four. Additionally, the application of ACRT has provided the potential for scale up the growth process. Also discussed are challenges and future strategies in ACRT coupled CZT growth. Successful completion of this work will enable the use of CZT in the next generation imaging systems as well as provide a better foundation for understanding and implementing ACRT in other crystal growth systems. Successful seeding and superior detector resolutions are demonstrated.
Author :F. Patrick Doty Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 :9780819429018 Total Pages :286 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (29 download)
Book Synopsis Hard X-ray and Gamma-ray Detector Physics and Applications by : F. Patrick Doty
Download or read book Hard X-ray and Gamma-ray Detector Physics and Applications written by F. Patrick Doty and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1998 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The applications of hard X-ray and Gamma-ray detector physics covered by the various papers presented in this volume include semiconductor materials and detectors, and high-pressure xenon detectors.
Book Synopsis 1997 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium by :
Download or read book 1997 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells by : Gowri Sivaraman
Download or read book Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells written by Gowri Sivaraman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Different post deposition heat treatments were carried out to determine their effect on film and device properties. Characterization of the CZT devices was done using XRD, EDS, SIMS, J-V and spectral response measurements. CZT (Eg%7E1.7 eV) /CdS exhibited best performance when compared to the other window layers investigated. The best device exhibited Voc=640mV, FF=40% and Jsc=4.5 mA/cm2. The theoretical performance of CZT based solar cells were investigated using SCAPS. The effect of bulk and interface defects on the device parameters were studied.
Book Synopsis CdTe and CdZnTe Materials by : Kris Iniewski
Download or read book CdTe and CdZnTe Materials written by Kris Iniewski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Properties of Narrow Gap Cadmium-based Compounds by : Peter Capper
Download or read book Properties of Narrow Gap Cadmium-based Compounds written by Peter Capper and published by IET. This book was released on 1994 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly structured volume contains sections on growth and device aspects of mercury cadmium telluride (MCT).
Book Synopsis Electric Field Studies on Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) Materials by : Georgios J. Prekas
Download or read book Electric Field Studies on Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) Materials written by Georgios J. Prekas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Electronic Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Detectors Using a Nuclear Microprobe by :
Download or read book Investigation of the Electronic Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Detectors Using a Nuclear Microprobe written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electronic transport properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) determine the charge collection efficiency (i.e. the signal quality) of CZT detectors. These properties vary on both macroscopic and microscopic scale and depend on the presence of impurities and defects introduced during the crystal growth. Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection (IBICC) is a proven method to measure the charge collection efficiency. Using an ion microbeam, the charge collection efficiency can be mapped with submicron resolution, and the map of electronic properties (such as drift length) can be calculated from the measurement. A more sophisticated version of IBICC, the Time Resolved IBICC (TRIBICC) allows them to determine the mobility and the life time of the charge carriers by recording and analyzing the transient waveform of the detector signal. Furthermore, lateral IBICC and TRIBICC can provide information how the charge collection efficiency depends on the depth where the charge carriers are generated. This allows one to deduce information on the distribution of the electric field and transport properties of the charge carriers along the detector axis. IBICC and TRIBICC were used at the Sandia microbeam facility to image electronic properties of several CZT detectors. From the lateral TRIBICC measurement the electron and hole drift length profiles were calculated.
Book Synopsis Structural Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride and Their Effects on Nuclear Radiation Detector Performance by : Hojun Yoon
Download or read book Structural Properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride and Their Effects on Nuclear Radiation Detector Performance written by Hojun Yoon and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developments in Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystal Growth, Sample Preparation and Characterisation [sic] Techniques by : Amlan Datta
Download or read book Developments in Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystal Growth, Sample Preparation and Characterisation [sic] Techniques written by Amlan Datta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Zinc Telluride Data Sheets by : M. Neuberger
Download or read book Zinc Telluride Data Sheets written by M. Neuberger and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Electronic Properties Information Center was established to collect, index and abstract the literature on the electrical and electronic prop erties of materials and to evaluate and compile the experimental data from that literature. A modified coordinate index to the literature is machine stored and printed for manual use. The Center publishes data sheets, summary reports, thesauri, glossaries, and similar publications as sufficient information is evaluated and compiled. This report consists of the compiled data sheets on Zinc Telluride. (Author).
Book Synopsis Electric Field Distribution of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT). by :
Download or read book Electric Field Distribution of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT). written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is attracting increasing interest with its promise as a room-temperature nuclear-radiation-detector material. The distribution of the electric field in CZT detectors substantially affects their detection performance. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), we employed a synchrotron X-Ray mapping technique and a Pockels-effect measurement system to investigate this distribution in different detectors. Here, we report our latest experimental results with three detectors of different width/height ratios. A decrease in this ratio aggravates the non-uniform distribution of electric field, and focuses it on the central volume. Raising the bias voltage effectively can minimize such non-uniformity of the electric field distribution. The position of the maximum electric field is independent of the bias voltage; the difference between its maximum- and minimum-intensity of electric field increases with the applied bias voltage.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Films and Solar Cells on Glass and Flexible Substrates by Rf Sputtering by : Jagadish Gaduputi
Download or read book Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Films and Solar Cells on Glass and Flexible Substrates by Rf Sputtering written by Jagadish Gaduputi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The effect of post deposition treatments and the effect of N2 during sputtering on CZT device performance were studied.
Book Synopsis Development of Traveling Heater Method to Grow Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)/Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Crystals by : Manchanahalli S. Rohan Rao
Download or read book Development of Traveling Heater Method to Grow Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)/Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Crystals written by Manchanahalli S. Rohan Rao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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