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Spatial And Temporal Relationships Of Cross Shore Seasonal Cycles Of Phytoplankton And Zooplankton In Monterey Bay
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Book Synopsis Spatial and Temporal Relationships of Cross-shore Seasonal Cycles of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in Monterey Bay by : Amy Little
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Relationships of Cross-shore Seasonal Cycles of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in Monterey Bay written by Amy Little and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of a Computer Simulation Model of Plankton Dynamics in Monterey Bay by : David Edward Henrickson
Download or read book An Evaluation of a Computer Simulation Model of Plankton Dynamics in Monterey Bay written by David Edward Henrickson and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A computer simulation model of the phosphate, phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics in Monterey Bay was examined and modified. The model is driven by four forcing functions expressed as annual cycles of upwelling velocity, incident solar radiation, mixed layer depth, and mixed layer temperature. An alternate upwelling index was developed based on the local wind field. A revised radiation index is employed based on the generation of both advection fog and low stratus cloud cover common during upwelling on the California coast. Analysis of the model's response to sinking and advection of phytoplankton was examined. The importance of seasonal increases in predators was introduced as a controlling factor in the seasonal growth of zooplankton. The model is able to predict the seasonal trends of phosphate, phytoplankton, and zooplankton throughout the year. (Author).
Book Synopsis Bio-physical Interactions of Small Pelagic Fish Schools and Zooplankton Prey in the California Current System Over Multiple Scales by : Amanda May Kaltenberg
Download or read book Bio-physical Interactions of Small Pelagic Fish Schools and Zooplankton Prey in the California Current System Over Multiple Scales written by Amanda May Kaltenberg and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small pelagic fish represent a critical trophic link between plankton and large predators in marine upwelling ecosystems such as the California Current System. Populations of these fish are highly variable over time and are characterized by extreme fluctuations in abundance, which have significant ecosystem impacts. The causes driving this instability are not well understood, but several climactic and ecological factors have been hypothesized. This research investigated the linkages between habitat, plankton prey resources, and the abundance and behavior of small pelagic fish at various temporal and spatial scales (i.e., daily, weekly patterns of wind-driven upwelling, and seasonal) to understand how changes in physical and prey habitats influence trophic interactions. This research utilized a combination of stationary and shipboard acoustics, net sampling, and physical oceanography sampling approaches. A comparison of diel schooling behavior and zooplankton availability off Oregon and Monterey Bay, California revealed that changes in fish aggregation behaviors were caused by different timings of zooplankton availability in each region attributable to the extent of zooplankton diel vertical migrations. An analysis of the spatial relationships of acoustic scatterers across ocean fronts caused by wind-driven coastal upwelling indicated that upwelling may lead to a spatial mismatch between small plankton prey and schooling fish that select habitat based on their preference of warmer temperatures. The temporal patterns of zooplankton and pelagic fish abundance near the Columbia River plume were identified, finding that the seasonal appearance of small pelagic fish occurred very abruptly. The timing of fish arrival was poorly correlated with zooplankton abundance but was strongly linked with temperature, salinity, and river flow. Zooplankton abundance was highly variable with very large spikes occurring with the passage of tidally-driven river fronts. This research on the ecological and environmental factors between habitat, plankton, and small pelagic fish has revealed that both the physical habitat and prey fields play an important role in determining these interactions. Variability in the trophic interaction between small pelagic fish and zooplankton over varying scales has important ecosystem consequences, including the potential availability of these prey resources to larger predators, as well as impacts for management.
Book Synopsis Continuous plankton records by : J.M. COLEBROOK
Download or read book Continuous plankton records written by J.M. COLEBROOK and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea by : Paul G. Falkowski
Download or read book Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea written by Paul G. Falkowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes in the oceans play a crucial role in regulating the fluxes of many important elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, phosphorus, and silicon. As we come to the end of the 20th century, oceanographers have increasingly focussed on how these elements are cycled within the ocean, the interdependencies of these cycles, and the effect of the cycle on the composition of the earth's atmosphere and climate. Many techniques and tools have been developed or adapted over the past decade to help in this effort. These include satellite sensors of upper ocean phytoplankton distributions, flow cytometry, molecular biological probes, sophisticated moored and shipboard instrumentation, and vastly increased numerical modeling capabilities. This volume is the result of the 37th Brookhaven Symposium in Biology, in which a wide spectrum of oceanographers, chemists, biologists, and modelers discussed the progress in understanding the role of primary producers in biogeochemical cycles. The symposium is dedicated to Dr. Richard W. Eppley, an intellectual giant in biological oceanography, who inspired a generation of scientists to delve into problems of understanding biogeochemical cycles in the sea. We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Special thanks to Claire Lamberti for her help in producing this volume.
Book Synopsis Plankton Dynamics and the Fate of Primary Production in the Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem of Monterey Bay, California by : Rafael Arnaldo Olivieri
Download or read book Plankton Dynamics and the Fate of Primary Production in the Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem of Monterey Bay, California written by Rafael Arnaldo Olivieri and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ecology of the Plankton Off La Jolla, California by : J. D. H. Strickland
Download or read book The Ecology of the Plankton Off La Jolla, California written by J. D. H. Strickland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations by :
Download or read book California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fine-scale Spatial and Temporal Plankton Distributions in the Southern California Bight by : Christian Briseño-Avena
Download or read book Fine-scale Spatial and Temporal Plankton Distributions in the Southern California Bight written by Christian Briseño-Avena and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoplankton and zooplankton are important components of marine ecosystems, and play a major role in the biological pump, affecting carbon transport in the global oceans. Their dynamic heterogeneous spatial and temporal distributions require special tools for observing them at the ecological scales relevant to the individual organisms. In this work, I used optic and acoustic methods to study plankton organisms at spatial scales of meters and temporal scales ranging from minutes to months. Using two in situ microscopes I described the fine-scale vertical distribution of phytoplankton and several zooplankton taxa in a coastal location in the Southern California Bight. Highly resolved spatial observations revealed cryptic maxima of fluorescent particles not observed with traditional fluorometers. Furthermore, this high sampling resolution revealed that water density, and not depth, regulated the vertical position, and interactions between observed phytoplankton and zooplankton distributions. Underwater acoustic echosounders can be powerful tools to observe in situ plankton distributions. Interpreting the acoustic echoes, however, requires highly calibrated instruments and ground-truthing experiments to identify the source of acoustic signals. This work presents the description of a novel combination of a broadband, high-frequency (1.5-2.5 MHz) echosounder and a stereoscopic camera --combined, these systems can localize the echo produced by an individual target while simultaneously providing visual identification of the target. This work has provided one of the first comparisons of in situ measured broadband target strength (BTS) and the expected signal using a physical model. The results of this experiment revealed unexpected, important differences between measured and modeled BTS. This system was also used to make in situ observations of individual fragile gelatinous organisms, marine snow particles and phytoplankton, providing evidence of their significant acoustic reflectivity. Finally, using a moored in situ microscope (Scripps Plankton Camera) similar in design to the O-Cam helped identifying a parasite-host interaction over a period of a few months. This is the first reported observation of Paradinium poucheti parasitizing Oithona similis in the North Pacific Ocean. The short time-series revealed that the prevalence of this parasite is higher than previously observed in other ocean basins.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Oceanographic Circulation in Monterey Bay on Plankton Ecology by :
Download or read book The Effect of Oceanographic Circulation in Monterey Bay on Plankton Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blue whales migrate to Monterey Bay, California between June and November to feed on dense euphausiid schools that form near the offshore edge of the submarine canyon. The seasonal arrival of the whales may be linked to predictable krill abundance. There are two hypotheses concerning euphausiid accumulation: (1) krill accumulate in areas where current flow is consistently weak, and (2) krill accumulate in areas of high primary production. This study examined output from the high resolution Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and correlated the circulation features predicted by the model with observed biological distributions. The model output indicated that the Monterey Bay submarine canyon is a region of weak current flow and low current variability. Model current fields showed that nutrient-rich water from a nearby upwelling center flows into the bay, making it conducive to primary productivity. Knowledge of how physical oceanographic factors affect marine food webs will facilitate the prediction of areas where marine mammals are likely to be present and inform the designation of marine sanctuaries.
Book Synopsis Temporal Variability and Bio-physical Coupling in the Pelagic Fauna of Monterey Bay by : Samuel Stetson Urmy
Download or read book Temporal Variability and Bio-physical Coupling in the Pelagic Fauna of Monterey Bay written by Samuel Stetson Urmy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporal variability is an important feature of aquatic ecosystems that is often difficult to measure. To this end, a stationary, upward-facing scientific echosounder was used to record the vertical distribution of pelagic fauna in Monterey Bay, California, for 18 months. To characterize these distributions, we developed and tested a suite of metrics quantifying the distribution of biomass in the water column. These metrics recorded a strong seasonal cycle, with total backscatter reaching a minimum during the spring upwelling season and a maximum in the fall and winter. Variability was greatest at long time scales and displayed a power spectrum similar to that of a turbulent fluid, with discrete peaks at 12- and 24-hour periods, corresponding to the semidiurnal tide and diel vertical migration. Pelagic animals also responded to short-term oceanographic variability, moving up in the water column and decreasing in abundance in the days following upwelling events. At longer lags, consistent with reproduction of small zooplankton (38 days), their abundance increased. Primary production appeared to propagate down the water column at rates consistent with sinking marine snow. Animal density throughout the water column was positively correlated at 0-2 day lags with sea level. Active acoustics are a useful addition to ocean observatories. The metrics presented here provide a useful and objective set of descriptors for stationary acoustic data. Such data provides insight into pelagic ecosystem dynamics unavailable with other sampling methods, and has great potential for future research.
Download or read book Oceanic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-04 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition by : Jesse Russell Powell
Download or read book Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition written by Jesse Russell Powell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean fronts are dynamic gradients that divide waters with differing hydrographic properties. Fronts also play important ecological roles in structuring plankton distributions, modulating primary and secondary production, and delineating predator foraging areas. Here, I utilize autonomous "Spray" ocean gliders to describe the spatial and seasonal distribution of deep-water fronts and their impact on the plankton within the Southern California Current System (SCCS). To test the suitability of the Spray's 750 kHz acoustic doppler profilers (ADP) for mapping zooplankton distributions, I first present results from a seatruthing study in which I mounted an ADP on a Mocness plankton net. I show that the relative mean volume backscatter (rMVBS) measured by the ADP is correlated with the summed zooplankton cross-sectional area (a proxy for biomass). I also find that the relationship between rMVBS and zooplankton biomass is strongest for zooplankters with an estimated spherical diameter greater than 1.6 mm. Observed rMVBS was best explained by euphausiid and copepod biomass. From Spray cross-shore sections between October, 2006 and December, 2011, I identified 154 distinct surface layer density fronts. The strongest and most numerous fronts occurred in spring, and were located closer to the coast, whereas summer and fall fronts were found further offshore. Fronts were weakest and least numerous in winter. Across all seasons, fronts structured plankton distributions. Horizontal gradients in physical variables (e.g., surface density, temperature, and salinity) co-varied with horizontal gradients in MVBS and Chl-a fluorescence, and the magnitude of biological gradients was higher at frontal areas compared with non-frontal areas. Frontal areas were also clearly associated with elevated Chl-a and zooplankton acoustic backscatter. Fronts divided distinct plankton habitats and associated assemblages. Chlorophyll a fluorescence maxima and euphotic zones were deeper offshore of fronts. The amplitude of diel vertical migration by zooplankton also increased offshore, in association with increased optical transparency in the upper ocean. Additionally, ADP data indicate that zooplankton assemblages change across fronts. I employ an inverse acoustic model to estimate zooplankton size spectra, inferring that larger-bodied zooplankters contributed a greater proportion to overall biomass inshore of these fronts. Vertically-stratified zooplankton samples from both inshore and offshore regions corroborated the model results.
Book Synopsis Spatio-temporal Patterns of Biophysical Parameters in a Microtidal, Bar-built, Subtropical Estuary of the Gulf of Mexico by : George M. Gable
Download or read book Spatio-temporal Patterns of Biophysical Parameters in a Microtidal, Bar-built, Subtropical Estuary of the Gulf of Mexico written by George M. Gable and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plankton communities are influenced, in part, by water exchange with adjacent estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. Reduced advective transport through tidal passes or with adjacent bay systems can affect chemical processes and biological interactions, such as nutrient cycling, phytoplankton abundance and productivity, community respiration, and zooplankton biovolume. The most threatened estuarine ecosystems are shallow, bar-built, microtidal estuaries with small water volumes and restricted connections through tidal passes and other water exchange points. This research explored spatio-temporal trends in plankton communities and the physicochemical environment in Mesquite Bay, Texas a microtidal, bar-built, subtropical estuary in the Gulf of Mexico. This research couples sampling at fixedstations for multiple physical and biological parameters with high-resolution spatial mapping of physicochemical parameters. Spatial trends were less in magnitude and affected fewer parameters in fixed station and spatial data. Two dimensional ordination plots indicated spatial heterogeneity with a more pronounced temporal trend affecting parameters including temperature, salinity as a function of inflow timing, and seasonal wind direction affecting primary production and zooplankton biovolume. Temperature was positively correlated with gross production and respiration rates during spring and late summer with sporadic positive and negative correlations with phytoplankton biomass. The timing and magnitude of freshwater inflow affected various physicochemical and biological parameters. Higher than 71-year inflow rates resulted in low salinity system wide, with spatial heterogeneity increasing over the course of the study, which was confirmed by spatial maps. Additionally, high inflow rates led to two periods of increased inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic matter. Low salinity periods coincided with persistence of higher turbidity, likely because of decreased sediment flocculation. Gross production was low at this time, and likely from light limitation. Additionally, wind magnitude and direction created spatial heterogeneity in turbidity levels and phytoplankton biomass. Zooplankton biovolume was highest during spring and late summer with high species diversity in total rotifers. Copepod biovolume and phytoplankton biomass were positively correlated. Other zooplankton taxonomic groups exhibited variable correlations with phytoplankton biomass and other taxonomic groups. Further long-term studies are needed to determine interactions of various components of trophic food-webs and account for interannual variability in all system parameters.
Book Synopsis Continuous plankton records by : J.M. COLEBROOK
Download or read book Continuous plankton records written by J.M. COLEBROOK and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seasonal Variability of Planktonic Lipid Distributions, Abundances and Carbon Isotopic Values in Monterey Bay, CA by : Margaret Golan-Bac
Download or read book Seasonal Variability of Planktonic Lipid Distributions, Abundances and Carbon Isotopic Values in Monterey Bay, CA written by Margaret Golan-Bac and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatio-temporal Patterns of Grazing and Laminarinase Activity of Zooplankton Off the California Coast by : Stewart Wayne Willason
Download or read book Spatio-temporal Patterns of Grazing and Laminarinase Activity of Zooplankton Off the California Coast written by Stewart Wayne Willason and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
