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Sound Science Junk Policy
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Book Synopsis Sound Science, Junk Policy by : Michele Morrone
Download or read book Sound Science, Junk Policy written by Michele Morrone and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-06-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morrone and Lohner assert that sound science is often misinterpreted, which leads to questionable policy decisions. This provocative look at environmental policymaking shows the importance of correctly interpreting science, and examines the full implications of using science as the major criterion in the decision-making process. Contemporary critics often argue that environmental policy problems are rooted in junk science. Yet Morrone and Lohner assert that many cases are based on sound science that is misinterpreted, which leads to questionable policy decisions. Revealing the way science is used in the environmental decision-making process, the authors illustrate how policies can go awry. Their combined experience in the public and private sectors is buttressed by a series of case studies, including: •Air pollution •Solid and hazardous waste management •Food protection •Vectors and their diseases •Drinking water safety This provocative look at environmental policymaking shows the importance of correctly interpreting science, and examines the full implications of using science as the major criterion in the decision-making process.
Book Synopsis Environmental Health Perspectives by :
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by : Heather Douglas
Download or read book Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal written by Heather Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be “value-free.” In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence. Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Public Health in the United States by : Kant Patel
Download or read book The Politics of Public Health in the United States written by Kant Patel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our public health system is primarily concerned with the promotion of health and the prevention of disease. But while everyone may agree with these goals in principle, in practice public health is a highly contentious policy arena. that is inevitably entangled with sensitive issues ranging from occupational safety and environmental hazards to health education, immunization, and treatment of addiction and sexually transmitted disease. Today however, concern for protecting the population against bio-terrorism and new epidemics such as SARS is tipping the balance back toward increased support for public health. This book focuses on the politics, policies, and methodologies of public health and the twenty-first century challenges to the public health system of the United States. It explores the system's relatively weak position in the American political culture, medical establishment, and legal system; scientific and privacy issues in public health; and the challenges posed by ecological risk and the looming threat of bio-terrorist attack. Each chapter includes study questions. The volume also includes a chronology of major laws and events in public health policy along with an extensive bibliography.
Book Synopsis The Republican War on Science by : Chris Mooney
Download or read book The Republican War on Science written by Chris Mooney and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2007-03-16 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science has never been more crucial to deciding the political issues facing the country. Yet science and scientists have less influence with the federal government than at any time since Richard Nixon fired his science advisors. In the White House and Congress today, findings are reported in a politicized manner; spun or distorted to fit the speaker's agenda; or, when they're too inconvenient, ignored entirely. On a broad array of issues-stem cell research, climate change, evolution, sex education, product safety, environmental regulation, and many others-the Bush administration's positions fly in the face of overwhelming scientific consensus. Federal science agencies-once fiercely independent under both Republican and Democratic presidents-are increasingly staffed by political appointees who know industry lobbyists and evangelical activists far better than they know the science. This is not unique to the Bush administration, but it is largely a Republican phenomenon, born of a conservative dislike of environmental, health, and safety regulation, and at the extremes, of evolution and legalized abortion. In The Republican War on Science, Chris Mooney ties together the disparate strands of the attack on science into a compelling and frightening account of our government's increasing unwillingness to distinguish between legitimate research and ideologically driven pseudoscience.
Book Synopsis Risk Assessment for Environmental Health by : Mark G. Robson
Download or read book Risk Assessment for Environmental Health written by Mark G. Robson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-03-22 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the field, this important book provides anintroduction to current risk assessment practices and proceduresand explores the intrinsic complexities, challenges, andcontroversies associated with analysis of environmental healthrisks. Environmental Health Risk Assessment for Public Healthoffers 27 substantial chapters on risk-related topics thatinclude: What Is Risk and Why Study Risk Assessment The Risk Assessment–Risk Management Paradigm Risk Assessment and Regulatory Decision-Making in EnvironmentalHealth Toxicological Basis of Risk Assessment The Application of PBPK Modeling to Risk Assessment Probabilistic Models to Characterize Aggregate and CumulativeRisk Molecular Basis of Risk Assessment Comparative Risk Assessment Occupational Risk Radiological Risk Assessment Microbial Risk Assessment Children’s Risk Assessment Life Cycle Risk Environmental Laws and Regulations Precautionary Principles Risk Communication
Download or read book Toxic Mix? written by Herbert N. Foerstel and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the contentious relationship between the White House and the scientific community from the FDR administration to the Obama administration. Toxic Mix?: A Handbook of Science and Politics takes a topic very much in the center of public debate in the last decade and places it in a revealing historical context. It follows the often contentious relationship of science and politics from the FDR era to the current Obama administration, highlighting the many highly charged moments when the two were in conflict. Toxic Mix? ranges across the major areas of scientific inquiry with public policy implications, including atomic energy, space science, public health, stem cells, sexual reproduction, environmental science, global warming, and evolution, to examine important events where political imperatives and scientific research were at odds. In addition, the book looks at another important area where politics and science are at cross purposes; immigration—as many of our most accomplished degree earners are foreign born and are unable to stay and work in the United States. A final chapter analyzes the attempts by the early Obama administration to build public policy that embraces science rather than manipulates it.
Book Synopsis Science-Based Lawmaking by : Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou
Download or read book Science-Based Lawmaking written by Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-31 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book takes the approach of a critique of the prevailing international environmental law-making processes and their systemic shortcomings. It aims to partly redesign the current international environmental law-making system in order to promote further legislation and more effectively protect the natural environment and public health. Through case studies and doctrinal analyses, an array of initial questions guides the reader through a variety of factors influencing the development of International Environmental Law. After a historical analysis, commencing from the Platonic philosophy up to present, the Book holds that some of the most decisive factors that could create an optimized law-making framework include, among others: progressive voting processes, science-based secondary international environmental legislation, new procedural rules, that enhance the participation in the law-making process by both experts and the public and also review the implementation, compliance and validity of the science-base of the laws. The international community should develop new law-making procedures that include expert opinion. Current scientific uncertainties can be resolved either by policy choices or by referring to the so-called „sound science.“ In formulating a new framework for environmental lawmaking processes, it is essential to re-shape the rules of procedure, so that experts have greater participation in those, in order to improve the quality of International Environmental Law faster than the traditional processes that mainly embrace political priorities generated by the States. Science serves as one of the main tools that will create the next generation of International Environmental Law and help the world transition to a smart, inclusive, sustainable future.
Book Synopsis Democratization of Expertise? by : Sabine Maasen
Download or read book Democratization of Expertise? written by Sabine Maasen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays explores the interface between science and politics using the instruments of social studies of science, and provides new insights into their re-alignment under a new régime of governance that requires participation and accountability.
Book Synopsis The Honest Broker by : Roger A. Pielke, Jr
Download or read book The Honest Broker written by Roger A. Pielke, Jr and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists have a choice concerning what role they should play in political debates and policy formation, particularly in terms of how they present their research. This book is about understanding this choice, what considerations are important to think about when deciding, and the consequences of such choices for the individual scientist and the broader scientific enterprise. Rather than prescribing what course of action each scientist ought to take, the book aims to identify a range of options for individual scientists to consider in making their own judgments about how they would like to position themselves in relation to policy and politics. Using examples from a range of scientific controversies and thought-provoking analogies from other walks of life, The Honest Broker challenges us all - scientists, politicians and citizens - to think carefully about how best science can contribute to policy-making and a healthy democracy.
Book Synopsis Doubt is Their Product by : David Michaels
Download or read book Doubt is Their Product written by David Michaels and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-23 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Doubt is our product," a cigarette executive once observed, "since it is the best means of competing with the 'body of fact' that exists in the minds of the general public. It is also the means of establishing a controversy." In this eye-opening expose, David Michaels reveals how the tobacco industry's duplicitous tactics spawned a multimillion dollar industry that is dismantling public health safeguards. Product defense consultants, he argues, have increasingly skewed the scientific literature, manufactured and magnified scientific uncertainty, and influenced policy decisions to the advantage of polluters and the manufacturers of dangerous products. To keep the public confused about the hazards posed by global warming, second-hand smoke, asbestos, lead, plastics, and many other toxic materials, industry executives have hired unscrupulous scientists and lobbyists to dispute scientific evidence about health risks. In doing so, they have not only delayed action on specific hazards, but they have constructed barriers to make it harder for lawmakers, government agencies, and courts to respond to future threats. The Orwellian strategy of dismissing research conducted by the scientific community as "junk science" and elevating science conducted by product defense specialists to "sound science" status also creates confusion about the very nature of scientific inquiry and undermines the public's confidence in science's ability to address public health and environmental concerns Such reckless practices have long existed, but Michaels argues that the Bush administration deepened the dysfunction by virtually handing over regulatory agencies to the very corporate powers whose products and behavior they are charged with overseeing. In Doubt Is Their Product Michaels proves, beyond a doubt, that our regulatory system has been broken. He offers concrete, workable suggestions for how it can be restored by taking the politics out of science and ensuring that concern for public safety, rather than private profits, guides our regulatory policy. Named one of the best Sci-Tech books of 2008 by Library Journal!
Book Synopsis Contesting Hidden Waters by : W. Todd Jarvis
Download or read book Contesting Hidden Waters written by W. Todd Jarvis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world increasingly relies on groundwater resources for drinking water and the provision of food for a growing population. The utilization of aquifer systems also extends beyond freshwater supply to include other resources such as heat extraction and the storage and disposal of substances. Unlike other books about conflict resolution and negotiations over water resources, this volume is unique in focusing exclusively on conflicts over groundwater and aquifers. The author explores the specific challenges presented by these "hidden" resources, which are shown to be very different from those posed by surface water resources. Whereas surface watersheds are static, groundwater boundaries are value-laden and constantly changing during development. The book describes the various issues surrounding the governance and management of these resources and the various parties involved in conflicts and negotiations over them. Through first-hand accounts from a pracademic skilled in both process and substance as a groundwater professional and professional mediator, the book offers options for addressing the challenges and issues through a transdisciplinary approach.
Download or read book Food Safety written by Nina E. Redman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting compelling and current information about some of the most important food safety issues, this book is an invaluable reference for anyone interested in avoiding foodborne disease or understanding how food safety standards could be improved. Food safety affects everyone. For citizens who live in industrialized nations, it is easy to assume that our foods are always rigorously inspected and assessed for safety. While food safety standards and regulations are in place to protect the consumer public, food safety problems do exist: according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each year, 48 million Americans are sickened by food,128,000 people are sick enough that they are hospitalized as a result, and 3,000 people die from foodborne pathogens. This third edition of Food Safety: A Reference Handbook examines the history of food safety and describes in detail key events and trends that have created the food safety issues of today. It explores the many controversies concerning food consumption, including contaminants in food, GMOs, factory farm-produced meat, and standards regarding the labeling of food products as well as the ways that these issues have been handled by authorities. Readers will find this book's overview of food safety topics informative and highly accessible. Additionally, the perspectives chapter provides varying viewpoints from food safety professionals and researchers on key issues.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Electricity II by : Jessica Fox
Download or read book Sustainable Electricity II written by Jessica Fox and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Realities of power company choices, regulatory boundaries, and stakeholder approvals. Expectations of the responsible investor, environmental advocate, and Silicon Valley companies including Google, Facebook, and Stanford University. Surprising stories show how creativity, innovation, and planning can resolve some of the toughest choices facing electric power companies today, although not in all cases. Building on the first volume, Sustainable Electricity: Case Studies from Electric Power Companies in North America (Fox, 2016. Springer), this book dives headfirst into the economic, environmental, and social tradeoffs power companies face as they strive to be sustainable. With more than 40 contributing experts, chapters include first-hand power company stories, case studies of leading Silicon Valley organizations; socially responsible investor contemplations; environmental advocacy arguments; and regulatory realities. The book provides a window into the choices companies make, the tradeoffs stakeholders accept, and the bottom line that comes with producing sustainable electricity. It will be an important resource that will accelerate collective thoughts on what ‘sustainable electricity’ means and what needs to be considered when the “everyone wins” outcome is elusive. “People have been able to fish, hike, camp and boat on a beautiful AEP property that supports recreational activities for many years. Now AEP has to generate income from this property. Do we build roads and drill to extract the natural gas? Do we sell the timber and keep the property? Do we sell the whole thing? What about the fish, deer and other wildlife? Tradeoffs will be made, and not everyone will like them.” Tim W. Lohner, Ph.D., Environmental Specialist, American Electric Power. (Chapter 3) “Companies are demanding access to clean energy and investors are pressing companies to source 100% renewable. It is essential that utilities develop a comprehensive strategy to reduce climate impact, and clearly articulate the plan and their progress. Customers and investors want to see this progress, and utilities need to develop the right model for their particular business.” John Streur, CEO, Calvert Research & Management (Chapter 4) “At Chevron, we are continually examining the tradeoffs as we work to improve our energy efficiency and reduce our environmental footprint. The complexity of our global, shared challenge to electrify the world without undue compromise to the integrity of our planet is one that will require global action. The experiences and perspectives detailed in this book are important to understand as we collectively work towards a sustainable energy future. The one billion plus are counting on us.” Kirsten S. Thorne, Global Issues and Public Policy Manager, Chevron (Forward)
Book Synopsis 107-1 Hearing: Nomination of Phillip Bond To Be Under Secretary for Technology at The Department of Commerce Etc., S. Hrg. 107-1055, October 9, 2001, * by :
Download or read book 107-1 Hearing: Nomination of Phillip Bond To Be Under Secretary for Technology at The Department of Commerce Etc., S. Hrg. 107-1055, October 9, 2001, * written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collision Course written by Kerryn Higgs and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-08-08 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that a universal policy of growth to combat issues that include poverty, debt, and environmental degradation has sidelined scientific findings that the planet cannot sustain infinite economic expansion.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Environmental Law by : Emma Lees
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Environmental Law written by Emma Lees and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook is the first comprehensive account of comparative environmental law. It examines in detail the methodological foundations of the discipline as well as the substance of environmental law across countries from four vantage points: country studies from all continents, responses to common problems (including air pollution, water management, nature conservation, genetically modified organisms, climate change and energy, chemicals, waste), foundational components of environmental law systems (including principles, property rights, administrative and judicial organisation, command-and-control regulation, market mechanisms, informational techniques and liability mechanisms), and common interactions of environmental protection with the broader public, private, and criminal law contexts. The volume brings together the foremost authorities in this field from around the world to provide a concise, self-contained, and technically rigorous account of environmental law as a single overall system.
