Solution To 70 Paradoxes Including Prisoners Dilemma

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Solution to 70 Paradoxes including “Prisoner’s Dilemma”

Author : Liusheng Yang
Publisher : 汉斯出版社
ISBN 13 : 1618967517
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Solution to 70 Paradoxes including “Prisoner’s Dilemma” by : Liusheng Yang

Download or read book Solution to 70 Paradoxes including “Prisoner’s Dilemma” written by Liusheng Yang and published by 汉斯出版社. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book solves many famous problems such as prisoner’s dilemma and half-fee litigation. The new academic viewpoints put forward in this book are: (1) The Pythagorean school and later generations’ proof that √2 is not a rational number is invalid. (2) A new definition is given to the concept of non-predicative definition, thus providing a logical justification for the legality of scientific concepts like function maximum. (3) Reconstruction of the theory of natural number provides an ultimate and reliable foundation for mathematics. Through the resolution of a large number of specific paradoxes, this book hopes that readers can establish a correct view that invalid reasoning is the cause of paradoxes, thus making it clear that the correct way to resolve paradoxes should be to find out the specific causes leading to invalid reasoning. This book can be used as a teaching reference book for general courses such as paradox, logic, game theory, economics, etc. Sales suggestions: Philosophy, logic, mathematics, game theory, economics.

Paradoxes in Scientific Inference

Author : Mark Chang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466509864
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradoxes in Scientific Inference by : Mark Chang

Download or read book Paradoxes in Scientific Inference written by Mark Chang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradoxes are poems of science and philosophy that collectively allow us to address broad multidisciplinary issues within a microcosm. A true paradox is a source of creativity and a concise expression that delivers a profound idea and provokes a wild and endless imagination. The study of paradoxes leads to ultimate clarity and, at the same time, indisputably challenges your mind. Paradoxes in Scientific Inference analyzes paradoxes from many different perspectives: statistics, mathematics, philosophy, science, artificial intelligence, and more. The book elaborates on findings and reaches new and exciting conclusions. It challenges your knowledge, intuition, and conventional wisdom, compelling you to adjust your way of thinking. Ultimately, you will learn effective scientific inference through studying the paradoxes.

Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation

Author : Richmond Campbell
Publisher : UBC Press
ISBN 13 : 0774802154
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation by : Richmond Campbell

Download or read book Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation written by Richmond Campbell and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology, the first to bring together the most importantphilosophical essays on the paradoxes, analyses the concepts underlyingthe Prisoner's Dilemma and Newcomb's Problem and evaluates theproposed solutions. The relevant theories have been developed over thepast four decades in a variety of disciplines: mathematics, economics,psychology, political science, biology, and philosophy. And theproblems these paradoxes uncover can arise in many different forms: indebates over nuclear disarmament, labour-management disputes, maritalconflicts, Calvinist theology, and even in the evolution of diseasethrough the "cooperation" of microorganisms. Thepossibilities for application are virtually limitless.

Game Theory

Author : Shaun Hargreaves Heap
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415250948
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis Game Theory by : Shaun Hargreaves Heap

Download or read book Game Theory written by Shaun Hargreaves Heap and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Requiring no more than basic arithmetic, this book provides a careful and accessible introduction to the basic pillars of Game Theory, tracing its intellectual origins and philosophical premises.

Prisoner's Dilemma

Author : William Poundstone
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 038541580X
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (854 download)

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Book Synopsis Prisoner's Dilemma by : William Poundstone

Download or read book Prisoner's Dilemma written by William Poundstone and published by Anchor. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A masterful work of science writing that’s "both a fascinating biography of von Neumann, the Hungarian exile whose mathematical theories were building blocks for the A-bomb and the digital computer, and a brilliant social history of game theory and its role in the Cold War and nuclear arms race" (San Francisco Chronicle). Should you watch public television without pledging?...Exceed the posted speed limit?...Hop a subway turnstile without paying? These questions illustrate the so-called "prisoner's dilemma", a social puzzle that we all face every day. Though the answers may seem simple, their profound implications make the prisoner's dilemma one of the great unifying concepts of science. Watching players bluff in a poker game inspired John von Neumann—father of the modern computer and one of the sharpest minds of the century—to construct game theory, a mathematical study of conflict and deception. Game theory was readily embraced at the RAND Corporation, the archetypical think tank charged with formulating military strategy for the atomic age, and in 1950 two RAND scientists made a momentous discovery. Called the "prisoner's dilemma," it is a disturbing and mind-bending game where two or more people may betray the common good for individual gain. Introduced shortly after the Soviet Union acquired the atomic bomb, the prisoner's dilemma quickly became a popular allegory of the nuclear arms race. Intellectuals such as von Neumann and Bertrand Russell joined military and political leaders in rallying to the "preventive war" movement, which advocated a nuclear first strike against the Soviet Union. Though the Truman administration rejected preventive war the United States entered into an arms race with the Soviets and game theory developed into a controversial tool of public policy—alternately accused of justifying arms races and touted as the only hope of preventing them. Prisoner's Dilemma is the incisive story of a revolutionary idea that has been hailed as a landmark of twentieth-century thought.

The Game's Afoot! Game Theory in Myth and Paradox

Author : Alexander Mehlmann
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821821210
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Game's Afoot! Game Theory in Myth and Paradox by : Alexander Mehlmann

Download or read book The Game's Afoot! Game Theory in Myth and Paradox written by Alexander Mehlmann and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It all started with von Neumann and Morgenstern half a century ago. Their Theory of Games and Economic Behavior gave birth to a whole new area of mathematics concerned with the formal problems of rational decision as experienced by multiple agents. Now, game theory is all around us, making its way even into regular conversations. In the present book, Mehlmann presents mathematical foundations and concepts illustrated via social quandaries, mock political battles, evolutionary confrontations, economic struggles, and literary conflict. Most of the standard models - the prisoners' dilemma, the arms race, evolution, duels, the game of chicken, etc. - are here. Many non-standard examples are also here: the Legend of Faust, shootouts in the movies, the Madness of Odysseus, to name a few. The author uses familiar formulas, fables, and paradoxes to guide readers through what he calls the "hall of mirrors of strategic decision-making". His light-hearted excursion into the world of strategic calculation shows that even deep insights into the nature of strategic thought can be elucidated by games, puzzles and diversions. Originally written in German and published by Vieweg-Verlag, this AMS edition is a translation tailored for the English-speaking reader. It offers an intriguing look at myths and paradoxes through the lens of game theory, bringing the mathematics into sharper focus at the same time. This book is a must for those who wish to consider game theory from a different perspective: one that embraces science, literature, and real-life conflict. The Game's Afoot! would make an excellent book for an undergraduate course in game theory. It can also be used for independent study or as supplementary course reading. The connections to literature, films and everyday life also make it highly suitable as a text for a challenging course for non-majors. Its refreshing style and amusing combination of game theoretic analysis and cultural issues even make it appealing as recreational reading.

Paradoxical Effects of Social Behavior

Author : A. Diekmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642958745
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradoxical Effects of Social Behavior by : A. Diekmann

Download or read book Paradoxical Effects of Social Behavior written by A. Diekmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the history of science "paradoxes" are not only amusing puzzles and chal lenges to the human mind but also driving forces of scientific development. The notion of "paradox" is intimately related to the notion of "contradiction". Logi cal paradoxes allow for the derivation of contradictory propositions (e.g. "Rus sell's set of all sets not being members of themselves" or the ancient problem with propositions like "I am lying" 1), normative paradoxes deal with contradic tions among equally well accepted normative postulates (Arrow's "impossibility theorem", Sen's "Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal") and "factual" paradoxes refer to conflicts between conventional opinion based on an accepted empirical theory and contradictory empirical evidence (e.g. the "St. Petersburg paradox" or the "Allais paradox" in decision theory2). Paradoxes, either logical, normative or factual, also contradict our intui tions. The counter-intuitive property which seems to be a common feature of all paradoxes plays an important part in the empirical social sciences, particularly in the old research tradition of scrutinizing the unintended consequences of pur posive actions. Expectations based on naive theories ignoring interdependencies between individual actions are very often in conflict with "surprising" empirical evidence on collective results of social behavior. Examples are numerous reach ing from panic situations, the individual struggle for status gains resulting in collective deprivation, the less than optimal supply of collective goods etc. to global problems of the armament race and mismanagement of common resources.

The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation

Author : Jeffrey Z. Rubin
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483289079
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation by : Jeffrey Z. Rubin

Download or read book The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation written by Jeffrey Z. Rubin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation focuses on the integrative survey of work done in social psychology on the processes of negotiation and bargaining. The publication first takes a look at bargaining relationship, an overview of social psychological approaches to the study of bargaining, and the social components of bargaining structure. Discussions focus on the number of parties involved in the bargaining exchange, factors affecting bargaining effectiveness, structural and social psychological characteristics of bargaining relationships, and availability of third parties. The text then examines the issue components of bargaining structure and bargainers as individuals, including individual differences in personality and background, interpersonal orientation, issue incentive magnitude and reward structure, and intangible issues in bargaining. The book ponders on social influence and influence strategies and interdependence. Topics include motivational orientation, parameters of interdependence in bargaining, overall pattern of moves and countermoves, and appeals and demands. The publication is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the social psychology of bargaining and negotiation.

Paradoxes in Probability Theory

Author : William Eckhardt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400751400
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Paradoxes in Probability Theory by : William Eckhardt

Download or read book Paradoxes in Probability Theory written by William Eckhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradoxes provide a vehicle for exposing misinterpretations and misapplications of accepted principles. This book discusses seven paradoxes surrounding probability theory. Some remain the focus of controversy; others have allegedly been solved, however the accepted solutions are demonstrably incorrect. Each paradox is shown to rest on one or more fallacies. Instead of the esoteric, idiosyncratic, and untested methods that have been brought to bear on these problems, the book invokes uncontroversial probability principles, acceptable both to frequentists and subjectivists. The philosophical disputation inspired by these paradoxes is shown to be misguided and unnecessary; for instance, startling claims concerning human destiny and the nature of reality are directly related to fallacious reasoning in a betting paradox, and a problem analyzed in philosophy journals is resolved by means of a computer program.

The Survival Game

Author : David P. Barash
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780805076998
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (769 download)

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Book Synopsis The Survival Game by : David P. Barash

Download or read book The Survival Game written by David P. Barash and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2004-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barash synthesizes the newest ideas from psychology, economics, and biology to explore the roots of human strategy. Drawing on game theory -- the study of how individuals make decisions -- he delves into the give-and-take of scheduling plans with a spouse and the maneuvers of an arms race alongside the strategies of "less rational" animals. He explains the classice Hawk-Dove stand-off, where people opt to be aggressive or yielding, and draws analogies to the territorial battles of speckled wood butterfiles. The Prisoner's Dilemma, the Game of Chicken, and Follow the Leader turn up in examples as disparate as investor's picks in a market bubble and the mating antics of the yellow dung fly. Barash ultimately sheds light on what makes our decisions human, and what we can glean from game theory and the natural world as we negotiate and compete with others in our daily lives. - BOOK JACKET.

Social Dilemmas

Author : Samuel S Komorita
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429965842
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Dilemmas by : Samuel S Komorita

Download or read book Social Dilemmas written by Samuel S Komorita and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing real-world examples, Komorita and Parks illustrate both the theoretical and the ecological relevance of social dilemmas, focusing on "exchange theory" to explain how conflicts are resolved. This book is appropriate for students of psychology, political science, and sociology.

A Primer in Social Choice Theory

Author : Wulf Gaertner
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780199297511
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis A Primer in Social Choice Theory by : Wulf Gaertner

Download or read book A Primer in Social Choice Theory written by Wulf Gaertner and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory text explores the theory of social choice. Written as a primer suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduates, this text will act as an important starting point for students grappling with the complexities of social choice theory. Rigorous yet accessible, this primer avoids the use of technical language and provides an up-to-date discussion of this rapidly developing field. This is the first in a series of texts published in association with the LSE.

The Theory of Problem-Solution Dualities and Polarities

Author : Kofi Kissi Dompere
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303090279X
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis The Theory of Problem-Solution Dualities and Polarities by : Kofi Kissi Dompere

Download or read book The Theory of Problem-Solution Dualities and Polarities written by Kofi Kissi Dompere and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-25 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with the development of the understanding of the relational structures of information, knowledge, decision–choice processes of problems and solutions in the theory and practice regarding diversity and unity principles of knowing, science, non-science, and information–knowledge systems through dualistic-polar conditions of variety existence and nonexistence. It is a continuation of the sequence of my epistemic works on the theories on fuzzy rationality, info-statics, info-dynamics, entropy, and their relational connectivity to information, language, knowing, knowledge, cognitive practices relative to variety identification–problem–solution dualities, variety transformation–problem–solution dualities, and variety certainty–uncertainty principle in all areas of knowing and human actions regarding general social transformations. It is also an economic–theoretic approach in understanding the diversity and unity of knowing and science through neuro-decision–choice actions over the space of problem–solution dualities and polarities. The problem–solution dualities are argued to connect all areas of knowing including science and non-science, social science, and non-social-science into unity with diversities under neuro-decision–choice actions to support human existence and nonexistence over the space of static–dynamic dualities. The concepts of diversity and unity are defined and explicated to connect to the tactics and strategies of decision–choice actions over the space of problem–solution dualities. The concepts of problem and solution are defined and explicated not in the space of absoluteness but rather in the space of relativity based on real cost–benefit conditions which are shown to be connected to the general parent–offspring infinite process, where every solution generates new problem(s) which then generates a search for new solutions within the space of minimum–maximum dualities in the decision–choice space under the principle of non-satiation over the space of preference–non-preference dualities with analytical tools drawn from the fuzzy paradigm of thought which connects the conditions of the principle of opposites to the conditions of neuro-decision–choice actions in the zone of variety identifications and transformations. The Monograph would be useful to all areas of Research, Learning and Teaching at Advanced Stages of Knowing and Knowledge Production.

Documentation Politique Internationale

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 930 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Documentation Politique Internationale by :

Download or read book Documentation Politique Internationale written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Has supplements.

Price Theory and Applications

Author : Jack Hirshleifer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521818643
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Price Theory and Applications by : Jack Hirshleifer

Download or read book Price Theory and Applications written by Jack Hirshleifer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-12 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This seventh edition of the book offers extensive discussion of information, uncertainty, and game theory.

The Refugee in International Law

Author : Guy S. Goodwin-Gill
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198808569
Total Pages : 865 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Refugee in International Law by : Guy S. Goodwin-Gill

Download or read book The Refugee in International Law written by Guy S. Goodwin-Gill and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people are today forced to flee their homes as a result of conflict, systematic discrimination, or other forms of persecution. The core instruments on which they must rely to secure international protection are the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. This book, the leading text in the field, examines key challenges to the Convention such as the status of refugees, applications for asylum, and the international and domestic standards of protection. The situation of refugees is one of the most pressing and urgent problems facing the international community and refugee law has grown in recent years to a subject of global importance. In this long-awaited fourth edition each chapter has been thoroughly revised and updated and every issue, old and new, has received fresh analysis. The books includes: analysis of internally displaced persons; so-called preventive protection; access to refugees; safety of refugees and relief personnel; the situation of refugee women and children; a detailed examination of the role of the UNHCR and the Palestinian situation; and an assessment of the protection possibilities (or lack of them) in the European Convention on Human Rights. This new edition has been expanded with coverage of forced migration and displacement as a result of disasters and climate change. It is once again an unmissable reference work for practitioners and students in the field.

Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution

Author : Peter Danielson
Publisher : New York : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195125495
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution by : Peter Danielson

Download or read book Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution written by Peter Danielson and published by New York : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays focus on questions that arise when morality is considered from the perspective of rational choice and evolution. It links questions like ""is it rational to be moral?"" to the evolution of co-operation, and uses models from game theory, evolutionary biology and cognitive science.