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Author : Herbert Aaron Hauptman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Solution of the Phase Problem written by Herbert Aaron Hauptman and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Herbert Aaron Hauptman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Solution of the Phase Problem. I. The Centrosystemmetric Crystal written by Herbert Aaron Hauptman and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : B. K. Vainshtein
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483299104
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Crystal Symmetries written by B. K. Vainshtein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal Symmetries is a timely account of the progress in the most diverse fields of crystallography. It presents a broad overview of the theory of symmetry and contains state of the art reports of its modern directions and applications to crystal physics and crystal properties. Geometry takes a special place in this treatise. Structural aspects of phase transitions, correlation of structure and properties, polytypism, modulated structures, and other topics are discussed. Applications of important techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, biophysical studies, EPR spectroscopy, crystal optics, and nuclear solid state physics, are represented. Contains 30 research and review papers.
Author : H. Hauptman
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1468499548
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Crystal Structure Determination written by H. Hauptman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme of this monograph is that the cosine seminvariants are the key to crystal structures. The cosine seminvariants are the cosines of those linear combinations of the phases (the so-called structure seminvariants) whose values, for a given functional form for the geometric structure factor, are uniquely determined by the crystal structure alone and are there fore independent of the choice of permissible origin. It follows that the cosine seminvariants themselves are uniquely determined, in general, by the observed magnitudes of the normalized structure factors. The values of the cosine seminvariants in turn lead unambiguously to the values of the individual phases and thus to the crystal structure by means of the E-map (Fourier synthesis). It is this property of the cosine seminvariants, that they serve to link the observed magnitudes with the desired phases of the normalized structure factors, which accounts for their importance and explains the emphasis which is here placed on their role.
Author : D. Michael P. Mingos
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030647439
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book 21st Century Challenges in Chemical Crystallography I written by D. Michael P. Mingos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarises recent developments and possible future directions for small molecule X-ray crystallography. It reviews specific areas of crystallography which are rapidly developing and places them in a historical context. The interdisciplinary nature of the technique is emphasised throughout. It introduces and describes the chemical crystallographic and synchrotron facilities which have been at the cutting edge of the subject in recent decades. The introduction of new computer-based algorithms has proved to be very influential and stimulated and accelerated the growth of new areas of science. The challenges which will arise from the acquisition of ever larger databases are considered and the potential impact of artificial intelligence techniques stressed. Recent advances in the refinement and analysis of X-ray crystal structures are highlighted. In addition the recent developments in time resolved single crystal X-ray crystallography are discussed. Recent years have demonstrated how this technique has provided important mechanistic information on solid-state reactions and complements information from traditional spectroscopic measurements. The volume highlights how the prospect of being able to routinely “watch” chemical processes as they occur provides an exciting possibility for the future. Recent advances in X-ray sources and detectors that have also contributed to the possibility of dynamic single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods are presented. The coupling of crystallography and quantum chemical calculations provides detailed information about electron distributions in crystals and has resulted in a more detailed understanding of chemical bonding. The volume will be of interest to chemists and crystallographers with an interest in the synthesis, characterisation and physical and catalytic properties of solid-state materials. Postgraduate students entering the field will benefit from a historical introduction to the subject and a description of those techniques which are currently used. Since X-ray crystallography is used so widely in modern chemistry it will serve to alert senior chemists to those developments which will become routine in coming decades. It will also be of interest to the broad community of computational chemists who study chemical systems.
Author : Fritz Franzen
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 981450517X
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)
Download or read book Physical Chemistry Of Solids: Basic Principles Of Symmetry And Stability Of Crystalline Solids written by Fritz Franzen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-01-19 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the underlying principles of symmetry, thermodynamics and electronic structure that pertain to crystalline solids. After years of teaching graduate students in the areas covered, the author has a good idea of what major notions of group theory and thermodynamics are useful to students of solid state chemistry, and of what fundamental concepts are necessary for a clear understanding. Thus the book deals with lattice symmetry, space groups, reciprocal space, Landau theory, X-ray diffraction, heterogeneous equilibria and simple band theory, in a rigorous and thorough treatment.
Author : S. Fortier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401590931
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Direct Methods for Solving Macromolecular Structures written by S. Fortier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of the proceedings of the 1997 NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Direct Methods for Solving Macromolecular Structures was assembled from the lecturers' contributions and represents a comprehensive and in-depth overview of crystallographic structure determination methods for macromolecules. While having a focus based on the direct methods, the Institute adopted an inclusive and broad perspective. Thus, both direct and experimental phasing techniques are presented in this book, highlighting their complementarities and synergies. As weil, methodologies spanning the full crystallographic image reconstruction process - from low resolution envelope definition to high resolution atomic refinement- are discussed. The first part of the book introduces the array of tools currently used in structure determination, whether originating from a mathematical, computational or experimental framework. This section of the book displays the variety and ingenuity of old and new phasing approaches developed to solve increasingly complex structures. Some of the contributions focus on recent developments and/or implementations that have given older approaches a new life. A case in point is the re-implementation of Buerger's superposition approach, which is now solving protein structures. Another beautiful example is found in the introduction to the traditional multiple isomorphous replacement approach where new techniques, such as site-directed mutagenesis and the use of inert gases in the preparation of heavy atom derivatives, are described. Equally impressive are the presentations of newer approaches, which take advantage of advances on the experimental front (e. g.
Author : M. F. C. Ladd
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461329795
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Theory and Practice of Direct Methods in Crystallography written by M. F. C. Ladd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct methods of crystal structure determination are usually associated with techniques in which phases for a set of structure factors are determined from the corresponding experimental amplitudes by probabilistic calcula tions. It is thus implied that such ab initio phase calculations do not require a knowledge of atomic positions, and this basis distinguishes direct methods from other techniques for structure determination. An acceptably wider interpretation of the term direct methods leads to other important applica tions involving, inter alia, the use of heavy atoms, resolution-limited phase data for large molecules, rotation functions, and Fourier series. These topics are discussed in the later chapters of this book. Although some earlier theoretical investigations were made by Harker and Kaspar, direct methods may be considered to have begun around the year 1950. Important landmarks in the development of the subject include the book by Hauptmann and Karle, The Centrosymmetric Crystal (1953), the definitive paper by Karle and Karle in Acta Crystallographica (1966), and the recent (1978) sophisticated program package MULTAN 78 produced mainly by Germain, Main, and Woolfson. Woolfson's book, Direct Methods in Crystallography, was published in 1961, but because of the rapid progress in direct methods, much of it soon became outmoded. It is interesting to note that direct methods nearly came into being many years earlier. Certainly the E2 relationship was used implicitly by Lonsdale in 1928 in determining the crystal structure of hexamethylbenzene.
Author : D.L. Dorset
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475766211
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Structural Electron Crystallography written by D.L. Dorset and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative text on electron diffraction and crystal structure analysis is the first to describe direct phasing techniques in electron crystallography. Written for electron diffractionists and electron microscopists, this fully illustrated volume presents methods for specimen preparation, data collection and structure analysis. Chapters feature numerous detailed examples of actual structure analyses and contain over 350 illustrations.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080577547
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-05-18 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics
Author : Carmelo Giacovazzo
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780198509585
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Crystallography written by Carmelo Giacovazzo and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years crystallographic techniques have found applications in a wide range of subjects, and these applications in turn have led to exciting developments in the field of crystallography itself. This completely revised text offers a rigorous treatment of the theory and describes experimental applications in many fields: crystal symmetry, crystallographic computing, X-ray diffraction, crystal structure solution, mineral and inorganic crystal chemistry, protein crystallography, crystallography of real crystals, and crystal physics. A set of pedagogical tools on CD-ROM has been added to this new edition.
Author : Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.U/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Report of NRL Progress written by Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ilya Prigogine
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470144017
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Advances in Chemical Physics written by Ilya Prigogine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.
Author : M. Ladd
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461517931
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography written by M. Ladd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray crystallography provides us with the most accurate picture we can get of atomic and molecular structures in crystals. It provides a hard bedrock of structural results in chemistry and in mineralogy. In biology, where the structures are not fully crystalline, it can still provide valuable results and, indeed, the impact here has been revolutionary. It is still an immense field for young workers, and no doubt will provide yet more striking developments of a major character. It does, however, require a wide range of intellectual application, and a considerable ability in many fields. This book will provide much help. It is a very straightforward and thorough guide to every aspect of the subject. The authors are ex perienced both as research workers and as teachers of standing, and this is shown in their clarity of exposition. There are plenty of illustrations and worked examples to aid the student to obtain a real grasp of the subject. The practical side is encouraged by the very clarity of the theory.
Author : P Wheatley
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323144594
Total Pages : 613 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry V5 written by P Wheatley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume V: Handbook of Molecular Dimensions focuses on bond lengths and angles from X-ray crystallography. This book provides a list of known X-ray structure determinations of molecules and ions that contain heterocyclic rings. Comprised of one chapter, this volume starts with an overview of the use of X-ray diffraction for the study of the geometry of molecules of all types. This text then discusses the three primary reasons for the lack of accuracy in bond lengths and angles determined by X-ray diffraction. This book discusses as well the effect of substitution on the bond lengths and angles in a heterocyclic ring system. The reader is also introduced to the various factors influencing the magnitudes of bond lengths and angles in molecules, which include the degree of hybridization, bond orders, electronegativity, interelectronic repulsion, or the equivalent concepts in terms of which these factors may be expressed. Heterocyclic chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and researchers will find this book useful.
Author : Mark R. Sanderson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191523429
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Macromolecular Crystallography written by Mark R. Sanderson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-08-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macromolecular Crystallography is the study of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) using X-ray crystallographic techniques in order to determine their molecular structure. The knowledge of accurate molecular structures is a pre-requisite for rational drug design, and for structure-based function studies to aid the development of effective therapeutic agents and drugs. The successful determination of the complete genome (genetic sequence) of several species (including humans) has recently directed scientific attention towards identifying the structure and function of the complete complement of proteins that make up that species; a new and rapidly growing field of study called 'structural genomics'. There are now several important and well-funded global initiatives in operation to identify all of the proteins of key model species. One of the main requirements for these initiatives is a high-throughput crystallization facility to speed-up the protein identification process. The extent to which these technologies have advanced, calls for an updated review of current crystallographic theory and practice. This practical reference book features the latest conventional and high-throughput methods, and includes contributions from a team of internationally recognized leaders and experts. It will be of relevance and use to graduate students, research scientists and professionals currently working in the field of conventional and high-throughput macromolecular crystallography.
Author : Rick O. Rittenberg
Publisher : Lightning Press
ISBN 13 : 0998563803
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (985 download)
Download or read book Borate Minerals of Death Valley, Mojave Desert, and Nevada: Annotated Bibliography written by Rick O. Rittenberg and published by Lightning Press. This book was released on 2024-09-03 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An annotated bibliography of over 2,050 references associated with borate minerals from Death Valley, Mojave Desert, and Nevada. Sources include journal articles, papers, conference proceedings, books, book chapters, and other literature published from the 1860s into 2024. The bibliography is divided into 16 chapters: History, Boron and Borates, Chemistry and Crystal Structure, Mineralogy, Geology, California, Death Valley, Searles Lake, Mojave Desert, Kramer, Calico, Fort Cady, Tick Canyon, Ventura, Nevada, and Annual Reviews. Contains appendices of supplemental information on borate minerals, color photographs, and an alphabetical index of authors. 638 pages. Key words: borax, colemanite, kernite, probertite, and ulexite.
