Handbook of Solid Waste Management

Download Handbook of Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071500340
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (715 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Solid Waste Management by : George Tchobanoglous

Download or read book Handbook of Solid Waste Management written by George Tchobanoglous and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2002-07-13 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world where waste incinerators are not an option and landfills are at over capacity, cities are hard pressed to find a solution to the problem of what to do with their solid waste. Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 2/e offers a solution. This handbook offers an integrated approach to the planning, design, and management of economical and environmentally responsible solid waste disposal system. Let twenty industry and government experts provide you with the tools to design a solid waste management system capable of disposing of waste in a cost-efficient and environmentally responsible manner. Focusing on the six primary functions of an integrated system--source reduction, toxicity reduction, recycling and reuse, composting, waste- to-energy combustion, and landfilling--they explore each technology and examine its problems, costs, and legal and social ramifications.

Solid Waste Management

Download Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364228681X
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Management by : Ramesha Chandrappa

Download or read book Solid Waste Management written by Ramesha Chandrappa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-30 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste was already a problem long before water and air pollution issues attracted public attention. Historically the problem associated with solid waste can be dated back to prehistoric days. Due to the invention of new products, technologies and services the quantity and quality of the waste have changed over the years. Waste characteristics not only depend on income, culture and geography but also on a society's economy and, situations like disasters that affect that economy. There was tremendous industrial activity in Europe during the industrial revolution. The twentieth century is recognized as the American Century and the twenty-first century is recognized as the Asian Century in which everyone wants to earn ‘as much as possible’. After Asia the currently developing Africa could next take the center stage. With transitions in their economies many countries have also witnessed an explosion of waste quantities. Solid waste problems and approaches to tackling them vary from country to country. For example, while efforts are made to collect and dispose hospital waste through separate mechanisms in India it is burnt together with municipal solid waste in Sweden. While trans-boundary movement of waste has been addressed in numerous international agreements, it still reaches developing countries in many forms. While thousands of people depend on waste for their livelihood throughout the world, many others face problems due to poor waste management. In this context solid waste has not remained an issue to be tackled by the local urban bodies alone. It has become a subject of importance for engineers as well as doctors, psychologist, economists, and climate scientists and any others. There are huge changes in waste management in different parts of the world at different times in history. To address these issues, an effort has been made by the authors to combine their experience and bring together a new text book on the theory and practice of the subject covering the important relevant literature at the same time.

What a Waste 2.0

Download What a Waste 2.0 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464813477
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis What a Waste 2.0 by : Silpa Kaza

Download or read book What a Waste 2.0 written by Silpa Kaza and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management affects every person in the world. By 2050, the world is expected to increase waste generation by 70 percent, from 2.01 billion tonnes of waste in 2016 to 3.40 billion tonnes of waste annually. Individuals and governments make decisions about consumption and waste management that affect the daily health, productivity, and cleanliness of communities. Poorly managed waste is contaminating the world’s oceans, clogging drains and causing flooding, transmitting diseases, increasing respiratory problems, harming animals that consume waste unknowingly, and affecting economic development. Unmanaged and improperly managed waste from decades of economic growth requires urgent action at all levels of society. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 aggregates extensive solid aste data at the national and urban levels. It estimates and projects waste generation to 2030 and 2050. Beyond the core data metrics from waste generation to disposal, the report provides information on waste management costs, revenues, and tariffs; special wastes; regulations; public communication; administrative and operational models; and the informal sector. Solid waste management accounts for approximately 20 percent of municipal budgets in low-income countries and 10 percent of municipal budgets in middle-income countries, on average. Waste management is often under the jurisdiction of local authorities facing competing priorities and limited resources and capacities in planning, contract management, and operational monitoring. These factors make sustainable waste management a complicated proposition; most low- and middle-income countries, and their respective cities, are struggling to address these challenges. Waste management data are critical to creating policy and planning for local contexts. Understanding how much waste is generated—especially with rapid urbanization and population growth—as well as the types of waste generated helps local governments to select appropriate management methods and plan for future demand. It allows governments to design a system with a suitable number of vehicles, establish efficient routes, set targets for diversion of waste, track progress, and adapt as consumption patterns change. With accurate data, governments can realistically allocate resources, assess relevant technologies, and consider strategic partners for service provision, such as the private sector or nongovernmental organizations. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 provides the most up-to-date information available to empower citizens and governments around the world to effectively address the pressing global crisis of waste. Additional information is available at http://www.worldbank.org/what-a-waste.

Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Lifecycle Inventory

Download Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Lifecycle Inventory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461523699
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Lifecycle Inventory by : P.R. White

Download or read book Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Lifecycle Inventory written by P.R. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is often considered to be a journey. The lifecycle of waste can similarly be considered to be a journey from the cradle (when an item becomes valueless and, usually, is placed in the dustbin) to the grave (when value is restored by creating usable material or energy; or the waste is transformed into emissions to water or air, or into inert material placed in a landfill). This preface provides a route map for the journey the reader of this book will undertake. Who? Who are the intended readers of this book? Waste managers (whether in public service or private companies) will find a holistic approach for improving the environmental quality and the economic cost of managing waste. The book contains general principles based on cutting edge experience being developed across Europe. Detailed data and a computer model will enable operations managers to develop data-based improvements to their systems. Producers oj waste will be better able to understand how their actions can influence the operation of environmentally improved waste management systems. Designers oj products and packages will be better able to understand how their design criteria can improve the compatibility of their product or package with developing, environmentally improved waste management systems. Waste data specialists (whether in laboratories, consultancies or environ mental managers of waste facilities) will see how the scope, quantity and quality of their data can be improved to help their colleagues design more effective waste management systems.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Download Sustainable Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118964535
Total Pages : 936 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Solid Waste Management by : Ni-Bin Chang

Download or read book Sustainable Solid Waste Management written by Ni-Bin Chang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the application of system analysis techniques with case studies to help readers learn how the techniques can be applied, how the problems are solved, and which sustainable management strategies can be reached.

SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE TO WEALTH

Download SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE TO WEALTH PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 8120352459
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE TO WEALTH by : Vasudevan Rajaram

Download or read book SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE TO WEALTH written by Vasudevan Rajaram and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic development of any nation is possible only if the environmental protection laws are followed seriously. Wastes, if not treated effectively, may harm public health leading to the deterioration of ecosystem and ultimately to the growth and economy of the nation. The coverage of both solid waste as well as liquid waste management in a single volume makes this book unique. It discusses various economical methods to manage wastes providing a practical approach to the book. It gives the knowledge of important techniques for converting wastes into the products useful for the mankind and also informs readers about the Indian legal framework relating to the solid and liquid waste management. The technologies explained in the book are field-tested and have been practically implemented either in India or the United States. Hence, these techniques are highly viable for communities and industries to improve their waste management practices. Blending theory and practices of waste management, the authors provide extensive case studies from their on-job experiences to exemplify how solid and liquid wastes can be managed successfully. The chapter on 'municipal waste management' exclusively covers the technologies applied to convert construction and demolition wastes and organic wastes into useful products. With the increase in electronic wastes, a chapter on 'electronic waste management' has found place in the book. Besides, the text covers management of plastic wastes, biomedical wastes, radioactive wastes, hazardous wastes, and also operations and maintenance of the treatment facilities. The chapter on 'liquid waste management' is focused on municipal wastewater and common effluent treatment plant for industrial wastewater. The review questions at the end of each chapter help students to assess their knowledge and develop self-efficacy in the subject. Whereas, the appendices provide performance evaluation of solid waste management systems and sewage treatment plants, numerical problems for practice, and glossary of important terms. The book primarily caters to the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate courses on Environmental Science and Engineering; Energy and Environmental Engineering; Environmental Engineering and Management; Municipal Solid Waste Management. Besides, it provides practical information to environmental professionals and to the students of Industrial Management, Civil Engineering and Biotechnology.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Download Sustainable Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780784414101
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (141 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Solid Waste Management by : Jonathan W-C Wong

Download or read book Sustainable Solid Waste Management written by Jonathan W-C Wong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Solid Waste Technology and Management

Download Solid Waste Technology and Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119955025
Total Pages : 1196 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Technology and Management by : Thomas Christensen

Download or read book Solid Waste Technology and Management written by Thomas Christensen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 1196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection, transportation and subsequent processing of waste materials is a vast field of study which incorporates technical, social, legal, economic, environmental and regulatory issues. Common waste management practices include landfilling, biological treatment, incineration, and recycling – all boasting advantages and disadvantages. Waste management has changed significantly over the past ten years, with an increased focus on integrated waste management and life-cycle assessment (LCA), with the aim of reducing the reliance on landfill with its obvious environmental concerns in favour of greener solutions. With contributions from more than seventy internationally known experts presented in two volumes and backed by the International Waste Working Group and the International Solid Waste Association, detailed chapters cover: Waste Generation and Characterization Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Management Systems Waste Minimization Material Recycling Waste Collection Mechanical Treatment and Separation Thermal Treatment Biological Treatment Landfilling Special and Hazardous Waste Solid Waste Technology & Management is a balanced and detailed account of all aspects of municipal solid waste management, treatment and disposal, covering both engineering and management aspects with an overarching emphasis on the life-cycle approach.

Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues

Download Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1016 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues by : George Tchobanoglous

Download or read book Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues written by George Tchobanoglous and published by McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A junior/senior-level introductory text aimed at civil and environmental engineers taking a basic introduction to Solid Waste Management. The text includes the latest 1990-1991 laws and regulations.

Municipal Solid Waste

Download Municipal Solid Waste PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536118650
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Municipal Solid Waste by : Nikolaos Tzortzakis

Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste written by Nikolaos Tzortzakis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste has grown into a relatively difficult problem to solve for those responsible for its management; these responsibilities include the collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of solid wastes, particularly wastes generated in medium and large urban centres. This problem is even more intense in economically developing countries, where the financial, human, and other critical resources are scarce in general. In the last decade, there has been a great interest and awareness regarding the environmentally safe management of waste worldwide, centralised in legislative, administrative, standardisation, and research activities in this field. Therefore, it is essential to develop short- and long-term waste management strategies (often named the 3Rs) and their consequent implementation in compliance with the formulated priorities for waste: (1) Reduce, (2) Recycle, (3) Reuse and (4) environmentally safe disposal. Several contradictions and lack of agreement still exist, even regarding the major basic definitions, e.g., which material should be treated as "waste" and which as a "beneficial raw material", which wastes are "hazardous" and which are "non-hazardous", etc. Quite often, different approaches and as a consequence, waste management/disposals are adopted for the same situation/materials. Environmental risk assessment procedures and mode of actions are varied greatly not only within national levels, but also at regional levels within the same country by different groups of scientists and/or policy makers. The general idea of the book has arisen from the mutual experience of many specialists in numerous disciplines from different countries involved in the problem of environmental assessment, economic and monitoring approaches, and control approaches for chemicals generated from solid waste disposal. Solid waste worldwide issues nowadays reflect the complexity and unbalanced development of our world at the beginning of the 21st century. This book covers a broad group of wastes, from biowaste to hazardous waste. The contributors to the book are recognised experts in the diverse fields associated with the issues of waste management and the reuse-recycle of materials, and are from different parts of the world. Authors present their experience and approaches considering both international and national/local specifics. The book is addressed to the wide range of end-users, decision-makers and professionals involved in environmental and agricultural issues: administration, designers, manufacturers, policy makers, farmers, researchers, academics and university students, and is focused on waste properties, environmental behaviour and management in an environmentally safe way. It was not the intention of the editor/authors to exhaust the subject, which is intensely broad, but to give a general idea with updating trends in the field of solid waste management concerning disposal, monitoring, assessment and remedial options, which are demonstrated also in case studies. The authors hope that this book to some extent will contribute to the trials and efforts for the proper, environmentally safe practices of solid waste disposal, and will provide state-of-the-art information and discussion, monitoring strategies, advanced approaches and methods, techniques and equipment for environmentally safe disposal and remediation of solid wastes.

Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries

Download Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315352451
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries by : Sunil Kumar

Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries written by Sunil Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains detailed and structured approaches to tackling practical decision-making troubles using economic consideration and analytical methods in Municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Among all other types of environmental burdens, MSW management is still a mammoth task, and the worst part is that a suitable technique to curb the situation in developing countries has still not emerged. Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries will help fill this information gap based on information provided by field professionals. This information will be helpful to improve and manage solid waste systems through the application of modern management techniques. It covers all the fundamental concepts of MSWM; the various component systems, such as collection, transportation, processing, and disposal; and their integration. This book also discusses various component technologies available for the treatment, processing, and disposal of MSW. Written in view of actual scenarios in developing countries, it provides knowledge to develop solutions for prolonged problems in these nations. It is mainly for undergraduate and postgraduate students, research scholars, professionals, and policy makers.

Solid Waste Management

Download Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Canoe Press
ISBN 13 : 9789768125439
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (254 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Management by : Elizabeth M. Thomas-Hope

Download or read book Solid Waste Management written by Elizabeth M. Thomas-Hope and published by Canoe Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste has become a major consequence of development and modernization, yet some of the greatest challenges to its management are felt most keenly in the developing countries. This is part of the larger paradox of development; namely, that factors that create the most intransigent problems currently facing the developing countries are invariably those which derive from development itself. Introduction This volume presents a collection of papers which, with perspectives from Africa and the Caribbean, raise critical issues in the management of solid waste. It is intended to offer a basis for discussion among the wide range of disciplines and sectors involved in solid waste management and suggest directions for future work both in the theoretical and practical dimensions of the challenge with which developing countries are confronted.

Endlessly Green

Download Endlessly Green PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 8195131735
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Endlessly Green by : Savita Hiremath

Download or read book Endlessly Green written by Savita Hiremath and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endlessly Green looks at the history, the science and the art of composting and sustainable waste management through a kaleidoscope of philosophical, moral and ethical intricacies. The author digs into her rich pool of experiential learnings and raw inputs gathered through a decade of research, legwork and fearless execution. This engaging field guide equips community volunteers, activists, students, SWM practitioners and professionals with practical inputs on segregation, composting and organic gardening/farming, making sustainability imaginable in a concrete jungle. In doing so, it helps individuals discover the possibilities of bringing about a change in their environment by engaging their own environmental sensibilities. Endlessly Green is an extraordinary celebration of things small and significant and the fight against waste, culminating in a replicable and scalable end-to-end solution.

Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology

Download Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology by : Kanti L. Shah

Download or read book Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology written by Kanti L. Shah and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This easy-to-read and pragmatic book offers a systematic treatment of solid and hazardous waste management technology. Encouraging self-learning, with a focus on current technical and scientific fundamentals, it covers all the basic concepts and tools needed for making decisions. Chapter topics include environmental legislation and regulations; sources; composition and characteristics; physical, chemical, and biological properties; storage, collection and transportation; processing technologies; source reduction and reuse; disposal; and management and control of landfill leachate and gas. For civil engineers and scientists facing a first time involvement in any aspect of solid and hazardous waste management, this book will be a valuable reference.

Design of Landfills and Integrated Solid Waste Management

Download Design of Landfills and Integrated Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471254997
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (549 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Design of Landfills and Integrated Solid Waste Management by : Amalendu Bagchi

Download or read book Design of Landfills and Integrated Solid Waste Management written by Amalendu Bagchi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-02-13 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By combining integrated solid waste management with the traditional coverage of landfills, this new edition offers the first comprehensive guide to managing the entire solid waste cycle, from collection, to recycling, to eventual disposal. * Includes new material on source reduction, recycling, composting, contamination soil remediation, incineration, and medical waste management. * Presents up-to-date chapters on bioreactor landfills, wetland mitigation, and landfill remediation. * Offers comprehensive coverage of the role of geotechnical engineering in a wide variety of environmental issues.

Municipal Solid Waste Management

Download Municipal Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642556361
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Municipal Solid Waste Management by : Christian Ludwig

Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste Management written by Christian Ludwig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivation The other day I was waiting at the station for my train. Next to me a young lady was nonchalantly leaning against the wall. Suddenly, she took a cigarette pack out of her handbag, pulled out the last cigarette, put it between her lips, crushed the empty pack, threw it on the ground and hedonistically lit the cigarette. I thought to myself, "What a behavior?!". The nearest trashcan was just five meters away. So I bent down, took the crushed pack and gave it back to her, saying that she had lost it. She looked at me in a rather deranged way, but she said nothing and of waste to the trashcan. brought the piece Often people are not aware of the waste they produce. They get rid of it and that's it. As soon as the charming lady dropped the cigarette pack, the problem was solved for her. The pack was on the ground and it suddenly no longer belonged to her. It is taken for granted that somebody else will do the cleaning up. There is a saying that nature does not produce waste. For long as humans obtained the goods they needed from the ground where they lived, the waste that was produced could be handled by nature. This has drastically changed due to urbanization and waste produced by human activities has become a severe burden.

Solid Waste: Assessment, Monitoring and Remediation

Download Solid Waste: Assessment, Monitoring and Remediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 008054147X
Total Pages : 1161 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste: Assessment, Monitoring and Remediation by : I. Twardowska

Download or read book Solid Waste: Assessment, Monitoring and Remediation written by I. Twardowska and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2004-04-22 with total page 1161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a broad group of wastes, from biowaste to hazardous waste, but primarily the largest (by mass and volume) group of wastes that are not hazardous, but also are not inert, and are problematic for three major reasons: (1) they are difficult to manage because of their volume: usually they are used in civil engineering as a common fill etc., where they are exposed to environmental conditions almost the same way as at disposal sites; (2) they are not geochemically stable and in the different periods of environmental exposure undergo transformations that might add hazardous properties to the material that are not displayed when it is freshly generated; (3) many designers and researchers in different countries involved in waste management are often not aware of time-delayed adverse environmental impact of some large-volume waste, and also do not consider some positive properties that may extend the area of their environmentally beneficial application.