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Solar Radiation Enhanced Dissolution Photodissolution Of Particulate Organic Matter In Texas Estuaries
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Book Synopsis Solar Radiation-enhanced Dissolution (photodissolution) of Particulate Organic Matter in Texas Estuaries by : Qiyuan Liu
Download or read book Solar Radiation-enhanced Dissolution (photodissolution) of Particulate Organic Matter in Texas Estuaries written by Qiyuan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is crucial to carbon and nutrient biogeochemical cycling in the marine environment because it helps fuel heterotrophic microbial activity by providing substrates for degradation and remineralization. This study shows that substantial production of DOM in Texas estuaries can result from the solar radiation-enhanced dissolution (photodissolution) of particulate organic matter (POM). Experimental results showed that 0.4-6.6 mg C L−1gsed−1 of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 0.03-0.93 mg N L−1gsed−1 of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) can be produced from irradiated sediment suspensions within 24 hours, and further that photodissolution may augment DOC and TDN loads in Texas estuarine waters by as much as 3-85% and 4-75%, respectively. Photodissolution can also enhance the optical thickness of the water column via the release of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which may subsequently further enhance photochemical processes in surrounding waters. Photoproduced CDOM appears to be of relatively high molecular weight and dominantly exhibits humic-like fluorescence, suggesting that photodissolution primarily occurs for humic moieties. Photodissolution was also observed for sterilized sediment suspensions, indicating that photochemical degradation of POM is the primary pathway of DOM production during photodissolution, as opposed to microbial mediated degradation or stimulation of benthic primary production by benthic phytoplankton or algae. Environmental and mechanistic factors controlling the extent of photodissolution in Texas estuaries may include sediment desiccation, water organic content, and sediment characteristics (organic content and lability of POM). Desiccated-rewetted sediments suspended in artificial seawater under solar irradiation produced ~40% more DOC and TDN than wet sediments, indicating the sediment dry-wet cycle may alter the 3-D structure of sediment grain matrices and thus might be a major controlling factor of photodissolution in salt marsh systems. The organic content of water used in sediment suspensions did not significantly influence DOC or TDN photoproduction by itself, but the combined influence of water organic content and sediment dry-rewet event played a substantial role in controlling the extent of photodissolution. In contrast to the results in artificial seawater, wet sediments produced slightly more DOC ([Delta]DOC=0.10 mg C gsed−1) and substantially more TDN ([Delta]TDN=0.14 mg N gsed−1) than dry-rewetted sediments in organic-rich Nueces Marsh water during 24 hours of photoincubation. Photodissolution dominantly produced humic-like DOM even though biologically labile organic matter was available in sediments, indicating that photochemical reactions preferentially occur with humic-like rather than protein-like organic matter. DOC and TDN production during photodissolution was strongly proportional to the amount of POC in sediment suspensions. On average, 69.2 ± 11.0 mg C of DOC and 9 ± 3.1 mg N of TDN was produced from 1 g of organic carbon in sediment suspensions after 24 hours of photodissolution.
Book Synopsis Origin, Composition and Quality of Suspended Particulate Organic Matter in Relation to Freshwater Inflow in a South Texas Estuary by :
Download or read book Origin, Composition and Quality of Suspended Particulate Organic Matter in Relation to Freshwater Inflow in a South Texas Estuary written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Extreme Climate Events Influence Particulate Organic Matter Quality, Quantity, and Composition in the Mission-Aransas Estuary by : Sarah Victoria Douglas
Download or read book Extreme Climate Events Influence Particulate Organic Matter Quality, Quantity, and Composition in the Mission-Aransas Estuary written by Sarah Victoria Douglas and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Major Storm Events on the Quantity and Composition of Particulate Organic Matter in the Mission-Aransas Estuary by : Nicolas Eduardo Reyna
Download or read book Influence of Major Storm Events on the Quantity and Composition of Particulate Organic Matter in the Mission-Aransas Estuary written by Nicolas Eduardo Reyna and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variations in the freshwater inflow regimes of estuaries, due to perturbations such as storm events, alter the source and composition of particulate organic matter (POM), which represents the base of the food web, including available energy resources for secondary production. To evaluate the impact of varying freshwater discharge on POM quantity and composition, monthly samples of surface water were collected at four long term monitoring stations from 2012-2015 in the Mission-Aransas Estuary in subtropical Texas, which is characterized by a semiarid climate, drought, and sporadic precipitation events that affect water quality of the system. We analyzed organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, and pigment concentrations of the POM samples. Following a prolonged dry spell, consecutive major storm events in spring 2015 led to a dramatic freshening of the entire estuary. Large increases in particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations and decreases in δ13C values of POC over several weeks following the storms suggest an increase in in-situ production at lower salinities as a result of increased inflows. These changes in bulk POM coincided with an increase in chlorophyll a concentration, further indicating a significant contribution by phytoplankton to the elevated POM. Concurrently, pigment biomarkers revealed a significant (10-fold) increase in the cyanobacterial pigment, zeaxanthin, and further 16S rRNA analysis showed that Cyanobium spp. was responsible for the observed bloom. The combination of environment conditions, including freshening, high temperature and high nutrients, likely contributed to the cyanobacteria bloom. These results show episodic rain events can substantially affect estuarine phytoplankton community composition, which impacts the available energy resources for secondary production and thus may have ecosystem-wide implications on productivity.
Book Synopsis Humus Chemistry by : F. J. Stevenson
Download or read book Humus Chemistry written by F. J. Stevenson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994-08-16 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reference text focusing on basic organic chemistry and reactions of naturally occurring organic substances in soils. Covers pools of organic matter in soils, transformations, methods of extraction and fractionation. Section two deals primarily with the chemistry of known classes of organic compounds in soils including saccharides, lipids and constituents containing nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Section three is concerned with basic organic chemistry of humic substances, followed by the importance of organic matter associations and interactions. Contains new chapters on NMR spectroscopy, analytical pyrolysis and on chemical structures.
Book Synopsis Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters by : Christopher L. Osburn
Download or read book Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters written by Christopher L. Osburn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial increase in the number of studies using the optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a proxy for its chemical properties in estuaries and the coastal and open ocean has occurred during the last decade. We are making progress on finding the actual chemical compounds or phenomena responsible for DOM’s optical properties. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, in particular, has made important progress in making the key connections between optics and chemistry. But serious questions remain and the last major special issue on DOM optics and chemistry occurred nearly 10 years ago. Controversies remain from the non-specific optical properties of DOM that are not linked to discrete sources, and sometimes provide conflicting information. The use of optics, which is relatively easier to employ in synoptic and high resolution sampling to determine chemistry, is a critical connection to make and can lead to major advances in our understanding of organic matter cycling in all aquatic ecosystems. The contentions and controversies raised by our poor understanding of the linkages between optics and chemistry of DOM are bottlenecks that need to be addressed and overcome.
Book Synopsis Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence by : Paula G. Coble
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae by : Gian Paolo Rossini
Download or read book Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae written by Gian Paolo Rossini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a structured account of the existing knowledge of toxic algae, the chemistry of the toxins they produce, the effects these substances exert in humans and wildlife, as well as the strategies envisaged to protect public health and the environment. It covers recent advances in the understanding of the biology of toxin producers and the factors involved in the appearance and dynamics of harmful algae blooms, the factors affecting toxin production, the synthesis of toxins both in natural producers and by chemical means in a lab, and the toxin groups posing continuing and novel hazards to living systems.
Book Synopsis Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter by : Khan M.G. Mostofa
Download or read book Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter written by Khan M.G. Mostofa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoinduced processes, caused by natural sunlight, are key functions for sustaining all living organisms through production and transformation of organic matter (OM) in the biosphere. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from OM is a primary step of photoinduced processes, because H2O2 acts as strong reductant and oxidant. It is potentially important in many aquatic reactions, also in association with photosynthesis. Allochthonous and autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be involved into several photoinduced or biological processes. DOM subsequently undergoes several physical, chemical, photoinduced and biological processes, which can be affected by global warming. This book is uniquely structured to overview some vital issues, such as: DOM; H2O2 and ROOH; HO•; Degradation of DOM; CDOM, FDOM; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Metal complexation, and Global warming, as well as their mutual interrelationships, based on updated scientific results.
Book Synopsis Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles by : Jerry M. Melillo
Download or read book Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles written by Jerry M. Melillo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Book Synopsis Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion by : United Nations Environment Programme
Download or read book Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion written by United Nations Environment Programme and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Subsidence: Causes, Consequences, and Strategies by : J.D. Milliman
Download or read book Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Subsidence: Causes, Consequences, and Strategies written by J.D. Milliman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-02-29 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse-induced climate warming increasingly appears to be a reality, and the warming climate will be accompanied by an accelerated sea level rise - as much as 60-100 cm over the next century. What is commonly absent in the discussion of rising sea level, however, is the role played by the subsidence of low-lying coastal areas, which can have a far greater local effect than the eustatic rise of the sea. The combined sea-level rise and land subsidence will almost certainly make the greatest impact on coastal societies in the densely populated regions of southern Asia, but its effects will be felt globally. This volume explores the concepts of sea-level rise and coastal subsidence, both natural and anthropogenically accelerated, in the form of a series of case studies in such diverse locations as Bangkok, Bangladesh, Venice, and the Niger and Mississippi deltas, as well as a discussion of the economic, engineering and policy responses that must be considered if the effects of local sea-level rise are to be mitigated.
Book Synopsis Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity by : D. Vaughan
Download or read book Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity written by D. Vaughan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has long been recognized that soil organic matter is the key to soil fertility. As a nutrient store it gradually provides essential elements which the soil cannot retain for long in inorganic form. It buffers growing plants against sudden changes in their chemical environment and preserves moisture in times of drought. It keeps the soil in a friable, easily penetrated physical condition, well-aerated and free draining, providing young seedlings with an excellent medium for growth. But it has another property, the nature and extent of which have been the subject of argu ment and controversy ever since scientists began to study the soil, and that is its ability to affect growth directly, other than by providing nutrient elements. Any one wishing to learn about these effects has been faced with a daunting mass of literature, some confusing, often contradictory, and spread through a multitude of journals. Individual aspects have been covered from time to time in reviews but there has obviously been a need for a modern authoritative text book dealing with the many facets of this subject, so the publication of this volume is timely. The editors and authors are all specialists in their fields, fully familiar with the com plex nature of soil organic matter and with the particular difficulties arising in any study of its properties. Where controversies exist they have presented all sides of the argument and have highlighted areas where further work is badly needed.
Book Synopsis Chemical Processes in Soils by : M. A. Tabatabai
Download or read book Chemical Processes in Soils written by M. A. Tabatabai and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interactions with Climate Change by : United Nations Environment Programme
Download or read book Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interactions with Climate Change written by United Nations Environment Programme and published by United Nations Environment Programme. This book was released on 2006 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozon Layer; Celebration 20 years of progress in 2007"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Environmental Chemistry by : Jorge G. Ibanez
Download or read book Environmental Chemistry written by Jorge G. Ibanez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents chemical analyses of our most pressing waste, pollution, and resource problems for the undergraduate or graduate student. The distinctive holistic approach provides both a solid ground in theory, as well as a laboratory manual detailing introductory and advanced experimental applications. The laboratory procedures are presented at microscale conditions, for minimum waste and maximum economy. This work fulfills an urgent need for an introductory text in environmental chemistry combining theory and practice, and is a valuable tool for preparing the next generation of environmental scientists.
Book Synopsis The Science of Solar System Ices by : Murthy S. Gudipati
Download or read book The Science of Solar System Ices written by Murthy S. Gudipati and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-28 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of laboratory research and simulations in advancing our understanding of solar system ices (including satellites, KBOs, comets, and giant planets) is becoming increasingly important. Understanding ice surface radiation processing, particle and radiation penetration depths, surface and subsurface chemistry, morphology, phases, density, conductivity, etc., are only a few examples of the inventory of issues that are being addressed by Earth-based laboratory research. As a response to the growing need for cross-disciplinary dialog and communication in the Planetary Ices science community, this book aims to achieve direct dialog and foster focused collaborations among the observational, modeling, and laboratory research communities.
