Social Influences On Physical Activity In Minority Women

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Social influences on physical activity in minority women...

Author : Amy A. Eyler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Social influences on physical activity in minority women... by : Amy A. Eyler

Download or read book Social influences on physical activity in minority women... written by Amy A. Eyler and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Decades of research indicate that physical activity is an important behavior for health promotion and disease prevention. Despite dissemination of these research findings, many American adults are sedentary. The rates for sedentary behavior vary by race/ethnicity and gender. Women and adults from minority groups are most likely to be sedentary. Research on adults who are physically active has identified several factors that predispose, enable, and reinforce this behavior. The presence of social support is one such factor. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the nature and extent of social influence on physical activity in a nationally-representative sample of minority women. Methods: A telephone survey of 2912 women ages 40 and older from various racial/ethnic groups was conducted from July 1996 to June 1997. Information on physical activity as well as other preventive health behaviors was collected. Analysis: Descriptive analyses were done on physical activity levels (including an accumulation of household and occupational physical activity), physical activity-related social support (PASS), support network, and measures of social contact. Logistic regression was used to determine differences in PASS levels and physical activity. Linear Regression was used to determine the relationship between social influence and physical activity level. Results: Women with high levels of physical activity- related social support were more likely to meet recommended levels of physical activity. There was no difference by racial/ethnic group. An index of social influence was not a significant predictor or physical activity level among all women in the sample. Conclusion: While women with higher levels of specific support for physical activity were more likely to be physically active, a more general measure of social support did not predict level of physical activity. More research is needed in assessment of both physical activity and social support in this population.

Environmental, Policy, and Cultural Factors Related to Physical Activity in a Diverse Sample of Wome

Author : Amy Eyler
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780789020017
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental, Policy, and Cultural Factors Related to Physical Activity in a Diverse Sample of Wome by : Amy Eyler

Download or read book Environmental, Policy, and Cultural Factors Related to Physical Activity in a Diverse Sample of Wome written by Amy Eyler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-10-31 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to tailor physical activity interventions to the women you work with! Ethnic minority and low-income women have some of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the highest rates of physical inactivity—an independent risk factor for CVD. This book discusses the environmental, policy, and cultural factors that affect the tendency of these women (ages 20–50) to undertake physical activities. This vital information is based on qualitative research conducted in various locations in the United States with African-American, American Indian, Latina, and white women living in both urban and rural environments. Along with individual chapters on separate groups of women, this book includes a thorough summary discussing the similarities and differences among the groups—and recommendations for future research. This book will increase your understanding of: the impact of environmental influences on women's patterns of physical activity the mission and methodology of the Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project cultural, environmental, and policy determinants of physical activity based upon the responses of the focus groups involved in the study, which include a) low-income minority women b) well-educated urban African-American women c) African-American women in the southeastern United States d) rural African-American women e) rural white women who say they don't exercise regularly f) Latina immigrants g) Southwestern American Indian women

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Determining Whether Working Status Influences Physical Activity Behavior in Minority Women

Author : Suzanne Denise Lopez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (467 download)

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Book Synopsis Determining Whether Working Status Influences Physical Activity Behavior in Minority Women by : Suzanne Denise Lopez

Download or read book Determining Whether Working Status Influences Physical Activity Behavior in Minority Women written by Suzanne Denise Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

GENDER AND RACIAL IDENTITY, NORMATIVE PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG COLLEGE-AGED AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN.

Download GENDER AND RACIAL IDENTITY, NORMATIVE PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG COLLEGE-AGED AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. PDF Online Free

Author : Shelly Thornton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis GENDER AND RACIAL IDENTITY, NORMATIVE PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG COLLEGE-AGED AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. by : Shelly Thornton

Download or read book GENDER AND RACIAL IDENTITY, NORMATIVE PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG COLLEGE-AGED AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. written by Shelly Thornton and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American women have a compounded risk for chronic disease development, poorer disease-related quality of life, and chronic disease mortality. While regular engagement in physical activity can reduce these risks, African American women are significantly less likely to engage in physical activity when compared to their gender and racial counterparts. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that may contribute to physical activity and protect against physical inactivity among African American women. Social Identity Theory may offer a framework for understanding gender and racial influences on exercise behaviors. Social Identity Theory posits that individuals strengthen their sense of belonging with social groups by adopting normative perceptions, attitudes, values, and behaviors. Prior research has established associations between gender and racial identity and exercise behaviors as well as associations between normative perceptions of physical activity and exercise behavior. Inferences from prior research suggests there is a link between gender and racial identity and normative perceptions of exercise behavior, however this link has not been established. Female gender seems to be a risk factor for physical inactivity across the developmental continuum, however research examining African American cultural influences on physical activity has yielded mixed findings. This dissertation sought to examine gender and racial influences on exercise behavior in a sample of African American college-aged women guided by the Social Identity theoretical framework. More specifically, this study sought to (1) comprehensively measure gender and racial identity domains and compare strengths of identity across these two domains, (2) examine perceived physical activity norms for gender and race, (3) determine whether gender and racial identity predict physical activity, (4) determine whether gender and race-related physical activity norms predict physical activity, and (5) examine links between gender identity and gender-related physical activity norms and links between racial identity and race-related physical activity norms. A total of 188 African American undergraduate women completed an online survey that assessed multiple dimensions of gender and racial identity, normative perceptions of physical activity for gender and race, and exercise behaviors. On average, participants reported strong emotional and psychological connection to other women and African Americans. They also reported strong, positive feelings towards being women and African American. Lastly, participants reported that physical activity was normative for their female friends, African American friends, and normative for broader reference groups of women in general and African Americans in general. Overall, physical activity was perceived by participants to be more normative for African Americans than for women and more normative for broader reference groups of women and African Americans as compared to female and African American friend groups. In terms of predicting physical activity, the full model of Social Identity Theory was not supported for either gender or racial influences; however, results indicated that both positive African American racial identity and perceiving physical activity as normative for one's African Americans friends were positive influences on exercise behaviors. Compared to racial identity, gender identity did not predict physical activity, but positive female gender identity was linked to perceiving exercise as more normative for one's female friends, establishing what appears to be the first empirical link between identity and norms in the social identity theory literature. Clinical implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed, particularly as it relates to increasing and sustaining motivation for exercise among African American Women.

Physical Activity and Health

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Activity and Health by :

Download or read book Physical Activity and Health written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promotes value of lifelong moderate exercise.

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264146
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council

Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

An Analysis of the Influence of the Social Support Theory on Physical Activity Among African-American College-age Women

Author : Monair Joy Hamilton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis An Analysis of the Influence of the Social Support Theory on Physical Activity Among African-American College-age Women by : Monair Joy Hamilton

Download or read book An Analysis of the Influence of the Social Support Theory on Physical Activity Among African-American College-age Women written by Monair Joy Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Influences on Long-Term Physical Activity in Physically Active African American Women

Author : Annette Moore Hubbell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781085592550
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Influences on Long-Term Physical Activity in Physically Active African American Women by : Annette Moore Hubbell

Download or read book Influences on Long-Term Physical Activity in Physically Active African American Women written by Annette Moore Hubbell and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Physical Activity in Diverse Populations

Author : Melissa Bopp
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317200837
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Activity in Diverse Populations by : Melissa Bopp

Download or read book Physical Activity in Diverse Populations written by Melissa Bopp and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how social determinants can have an impact on physical activity and associated health outcomes. It explores the social, cultural, political and environmental factors that influence engagement in physical activity in a range of diverse populations and presents strategies for targeting and promoting physical activity.

Environmental, Social, and Relational Factors that Influence the Health and Physical Activity Participation of Christian African American Mother-daughter Dyads

Download Environmental, Social, and Relational Factors that Influence the Health and Physical Activity Participation of Christian African American Mother-daughter Dyads PDF Online Free

Author : Jevonne Bradley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (839 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental, Social, and Relational Factors that Influence the Health and Physical Activity Participation of Christian African American Mother-daughter Dyads by : Jevonne Bradley

Download or read book Environmental, Social, and Relational Factors that Influence the Health and Physical Activity Participation of Christian African American Mother-daughter Dyads written by Jevonne Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a major health risk factor in the United States (US) and African American women are the least active segment of the US society. African American women's choices to be active or inactive can be well understood by carefully examining the meaning they ascribe to physical activity and health. The primary purpose of the proposed study was to describe and explain environmental, relational, and social factors that influence the health and physical activity participation of Christian African American mother-daughter dyads. The secondary purpose of this study was to use constructs of the Social Cognitive Theory to explain the personal, social and environmental determinants of physical activity among Christian African American mother-daughter dyads and to investigate how networking within the church can provide a venue for African American mother-daughter dyads to experience physical activity. The research paradigm was qualitative situated in Social Cognitive Theory. The purposefully sampled participants were Christian African American mother-daughter dyads. This population was chosen because a large segment of African American women attend churches in southern Illinois and the church is a cornerstone institution to convey information for African American women. The study was comprised of 35 participants who ranged in ages from 15 to 68 years-old. These participants represented a combination of African American mother-daughter dyads. The mean age of the mothers was 49.7 and their age range was 32-68, SD = 11.2. The mean age of the daughters was 23.5 and their age range was 15-34, SD =6.37. Data resources included focus group discussions and interviews guided by Social Cognitive Theory. Several themes emerged from the data associated with the participants' health and physical activity experiences. These themes included health as a motivator to participate in physical activity, body image, social support, and barriers influencing participation in physical activity. Outcomes from the study were examines to assist in planning physical activity programs. These physical activity programs were designed to promote health education, increase the quality and years of life, and address health disparities.

The Meaning and Cultural Context of Physical Activity as Perceived by Physically Active, Rural African American Women

Author : Allison Lenkerd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis The Meaning and Cultural Context of Physical Activity as Perceived by Physically Active, Rural African American Women by : Allison Lenkerd

Download or read book The Meaning and Cultural Context of Physical Activity as Perceived by Physically Active, Rural African American Women written by Allison Lenkerd and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background - The health problems of overweight and obesity are growing concerns in the United States and in many parts of the world. At the time of this study, African American women had the highest mortality and obesity rates of any other racial/ethnic group in this country, and the highest level of physical inactivity (CDC, 2008; OMHRC, 2007). Research has suggested that despite African American women's awareness of the benefits of physical activity their rates of physical activity have remained low. A need existed to understand how physically active African American women, particularly those who resided in a rural area, perceived and experienced physical activity. Objective - The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the meaning and cultural context of physical activity among physically active, rural African American women, and to understand how they related physical activity and overweight to their health status. Methodology - To achieve this purpose, the researcher conducted 4 in-depth, open-ended focus group interviews in North Carolina. A qualitative methodology using a phenomenological approach enabled the researcher to better understand the meaning and sociocultural influences that the participants associated with physical activity participation. Analysis of verbatim transcriptions of the focus group interviews involved immersion, coding, categorizing, and identifying themes that emerged from the data. Results - Several primary themes emerged from the data from this study that revealed the participants experience of physical activity. These themes included perceptions of personal health, the evolution of physical activity, body image and overweight, social support, barriers, societal views of African American health status, and health related education. This chapter explored themes and various subthemes in order to get a more in-depth view of the participants' experience of physical activity, and definitions of physical activity and overweight as they relate to health in the minds of the participants. Conclusion - Health education programming aimed at this target population group must recognize several factors in order to provide culturally appropriate programs: the motivating factors of this population group; the association between size, overweight and health; their perception of what types of physical activities are appropriate; their support needs; the barriers that they face. In addition, it is important to provide education regarding their risks as well as information on how to get the information that they need to address these risks from their medical provider.

The Effects of Buddy Support on Physical Activity in African American Women

Author : Patricia Ann Hogue
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Buddy Support on Physical Activity in African American Women by : Patricia Ann Hogue

Download or read book The Effects of Buddy Support on Physical Activity in African American Women written by Patricia Ann Hogue and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention utilizing individual buddy support to increase physical activity in African American women. The current study was a 10-week, pretest/post-test, quasi-experimental design that was conducted at two churches in Toledo, Ohio. Members of one church served as the intervention group and members of the second church served as the comparison group. The participants were African American women (25 in the comparison group and 28 in the intervention group). Women in the intervention group were required to recruit and enlist the help of a "buddy" that was to provide social support for physical activity. Both groups completed the following data collection measures at pretest and post-test: 1) social support for exercise survey (SSES), 2) rapid assessment of physical activity survey (RAPA), 3) body weight and height, 4) diastolic and systolic blood pressure and, 5) a six-minute walk test. Participants in both groups also received educational information on healthy living, a pedometer to serve as a cue to action for walking, and instructions to record daily pedometer steps and physical activity minutes. The intervention group alone was required to identify a buddy, record the number of minutes per day spent interacting with the buddy, and the type of interaction with the buddy. Seven women dropped out of the comparison group leaving a total of 18 women that completed the study. One participant in the intervention group did not submit physical activity minutes but was included in the analyses for all other measures. The average age of women in the study was 46 years of age (SD = 10). The vast majority of participants (82%) had at least some college education and 76% had households comprised of 2 to 4 persons. About two thirds of participants worked fulltime outside the home. A majority (43%) of participants was married and 38% had gross household incomes greater than $75,000. No statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics were detected between the intervention and comparison groups. According to participants' daily logs at week one and at week ten of the study, physical activity minutes decreased during the study for both groups ( - 49 minutes intervention/-1 minute comparison group). For the intervention group only, the RAPA I score increased in a statistically significant way. By the end of the study, 61% of the intervention group and 44% of the comparison group was in the "active" range on their RAPA I scores. For both groups, there were no statistically significant differences over time in mean social support scores for friend social support. However, in the intervention group, family social support scores increased in a statistically significant way. There was no statistically significant correlation between social support, RAPA I scores, and physical activity minutes. Analysis of the physiologic measures revealed that body mass index statistically significantly decreased over the course of the study for the comparison group only. In contrast, only the intervention group experienced a statistically significantly increase in endurance as measured by the six-minute walk test. There were no statistically significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures for either group. The findings from the current study do not support the effectiveness of the buddy support intervention in increasing self-reported physical activity minutes. However, RAPA I scores, six-minute walk test distance, and family social support scores did improve over time for the intervention group. The lack of statistical power in the current study and the many limitations make it difficult to state any conclusions with confidence.

Physical Activity Evolution

Author : Amy E. Harley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (627 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Activity Evolution by : Amy E. Harley

Download or read book Physical Activity Evolution written by Amy E. Harley and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The sedentary lifestyle prevalent among many women has manifested itself as a serious public health problem. Inactive lifestyle has been linked to obesity and chronic disease, both serious health care issues for women today, and a disproportionate burden from these conditions is borne by African American women. Despite all that has been learned from the application of behavioral change theories to physical activity, long-term success of interventions to initiate and maintain a physically active lifestyle among African American women has not been realized. This study aimed to contribute to further theory development and to inform future investigations of the most effective ways to assist inactive African American women in maintaining an active lifestyle. Interviews were conducted with 15 African American women between the ages of 25-45 who were physically active at nationally recommended levels for one year or more. Interview questions were open-ended and designed to elicit lengthy accounts from the women using their own words to describe their experiences with physical activity. Focus groups were held at the conclusion of the interviews to gather feedback on the findings from the participants. Grounded theory was used to guide the data collection and analysis process. Data derived inductively from the interviews and focus groups guided the development of a process theory of physical activity evolution. The Physical Activity Evolution process theory identifies three key phases in the adoption and maintenance process: Initiation, Transition, and Integration. The dynamic nature of long-term physical activity participation is exemplified by modification and cessation loops. Important context and conditions within which this process takes place also emerged from the study including planning methods, social support, benefits, and the influence of African American race/culture. This study has made an important contribution to knowledge of the evolution of physical activity participation among African American women. The concept of investigating health behaviors in context and among people who have successfully incorporated those behaviors into their daily lives should be further utilized in research studies. By studying women who have successfully adopted a behavior, strategies to overcome known barriers can be elucidated and applied to intervention planning for other women.

Physical Activity as a Function of Social Status and Neighborhood Context in Year 1 and 2 of the Jackson Heart Study

Author : Jennifer D. Cummins Robinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (785 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Activity as a Function of Social Status and Neighborhood Context in Year 1 and 2 of the Jackson Heart Study by : Jennifer D. Cummins Robinson

Download or read book Physical Activity as a Function of Social Status and Neighborhood Context in Year 1 and 2 of the Jackson Heart Study written by Jennifer D. Cummins Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is prevalent in the US and is more prevalent in the south and in minorities. Addressing health disparities in African Americans (AA) requires an understanding of behavioral risk factors, including physical activity (PA). The finding of lower levels of PA in women, minorities, and lower socioeconomic groups highlights its potential contribution to CVD disparity. The Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the largest study of CVD risk factors and causes in AAs, provides a unique opportunity to examine individual and neighborhood influences on PA. The purpose of this study was to examine individual and neighborhood influences on 2 types of physical activity: (a) active living and (b) sports and exercise. Data came from the first 2 years of the JHS and the 2000 U.S. Census. PA was assessed using a modification of the Kaiser PA Survey. Individual variables were age, gender, stress related to neighborhood crime, per capita family income, liquid assets, home ownership, and car access. Neighborhood variables were median income, mean education, neighborhood type, and segregation. Data were analyzed using a geographic information system, multiple linear regression, and multilevel linear models. The sample included 1679 AAs and 178 neighborhoods. In the multilevel models, stress from crime, education, and liquid assets were individual predictors of active living. Controlling for these, neighborhood mean education (B = .217, p = .005), and interactions of liquid assets with median income (B = -.071 p = .039) and mean education (B = .205, p = .016) were predictors of active living. Car access was not predictive of active living but the strength of the association was different among neighborhoods, indicating its potential importance. For sports and exercise, education and per capita income were significant individual predictors. Mean education (B = .264, p

Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309092116
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life by : National Research Council

Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-16 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.

Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity Among Black Adolescent Females

Author : Rennae A. Williams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (671 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity Among Black Adolescent Females by : Rennae A. Williams

Download or read book Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity Among Black Adolescent Females written by Rennae A. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the physical activity behavior of Black female adolescents age 14-18 in the Charlotte, NC public school community by examining the relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy, social support, outcome expectations, and physical environment. The study sample consisted of 96 girls ages 14-19 from a public high school in Charlotte, North Carolina. Participants volunteered to complete a survey with demographic, physical activity (PA), and psychosocial questions. The predictor variables were self-efficacy and physical activity self-efficacy, social support, outcome expectations, and physical environment. The dependent variable was physical activity participation. Correlational analysis was employed to examine the relationship of the four predictor variables to physical activity. Self-efficacy was shown to be correlated with PA. The strongest correlation was between physical activity self-efficacy and PA. Correlations between outcome expectations and PA for the total sample were low and not significant. Total social support, family and friend social support were correlated with PA as well. Physical environment was not significantly related with PA for the Black adolescents in this study. Multiple regression was used to determine the relative strength of the four main predictor variables on the dependent variable of physical activity level. For the total sample, the four predictor variables explained 24% of the variance in physical activity participation. Of these variables, physical activity self-efficacy makes the largest unique contribution (beta=.36) with a significance level of .002. In order to understand PA habits and perceptions among Black adolescent females, the last section of the survey included 14 open-ended questions. Most Black participants understand the health benefits of physical activity, but cited tiring and sweating factors as reasons why they do not participate in physical activity. Findings suggest increasing physical activity self-efficacy and providing social support, as well as allowing girls to have a choice in their physical activity and offering activities they consider fun, may lead to increased physical activity among Black adolescent girls."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.