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Social Inequalities In Health In Nonhuman Primates
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Book Synopsis Social Inequalities in Health in Nonhuman Primates by : Carol A. Shively
Download or read book Social Inequalities in Health in Nonhuman Primates written by Carol A. Shively and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive look at nonhuman primate social inequalities as models for health differences associated with socioeconomic status in humans. The benefit of the socially-housed monkey model is that it provides the complexity of hierarchical structure and rank affiliation, i.e. both negative and positive aspects of social status. At the same time, nonhuman primates are more amenable to controlled experiments and more invasive studies that can be used in human beings to examine the effects of low status on brain development, neuroendocrine function, immunity, and eating behavior. Because all of these biological and behavioral substrates form the underpinnings of human illness, and are likely shared among primates, the nonhuman primate model can significantly advance our understanding of the best interventions in humans.
Book Synopsis The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque by : Jin-Hua Li
Download or read book The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque written by Jin-Hua Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book summarizes the multi-disciplinary results of one of China’s main primatological research projects on the endemic Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), which had continued for over 30 years, but which had never been reported on systematically. Dedicated to this exceptional Old World monkey, this book makes the work of Chinese primatologists on the social behavior, cooperation, culture, cognition, group dynamics, and emerging technologies in primate research accessible to the international scientific community. One of the most impressive Asian monkeys, and the largest member of its genus, the Tibetan macaque deserves to be better known. This volume goes a long way towards bringing this species into the spotlight with many excellent behavioral analyses from the field. - Frans de Waal, Professor of Psychology, Emory University, USA. Macaques matter. To understand primate patterns and trends, and to gain important insight into humanity, we need to augment and expand our engagement with the most successful and widespread primate genus aside from Homo. This volume focuses on the Tibetan macaque, a fascinating species with much to tell us about social behavior, physiology, complexity and the macaque knack for interfacing with humans. This book is doubly important for primatology in that beyond containing core information on this macaque species, it also reflects an effective integrated collaboration between Chinese scholars and a range of international colleagues—exactly the type of collaborative engagement primatology needs. This volume is a critical contribution to a global primatology. - Agustín Fuentes, Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, USA. I have many fond memories of my association with Mt. Huangshan research beginning in 1983, when together with Professor Qishan Wang we established this site. It is such a beautiful place and I miss it. It is gratifying to see how far research has progressed since we began work there, becoming more internationalized and very much a collaborative endeavor under the long-term direction of Professor Jin-Hua Li and colleagues. This book highlights the increased interest in this species, representing a variety of disciplines ranging from macro aspects of behavior, cognition and sociality, to micro aspects of microbes, parasites and disease, authored by a group of renowned Chinese and international primatologists. I applaud their efforts and expect more interesting work to come from this site in the years ahead. - Kazuo Wada, Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan.
Book Synopsis Nonhuman Primate Welfare by : Lauren M. Robinson
Download or read book Nonhuman Primate Welfare written by Lauren M. Robinson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-01 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the broad topic of welfare in nonhuman primates under human care. Chapters detail the history of primates in captivity, ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of nonhuman primates as entertainment or in research, the different approaches that welfare are measured, and how housing, enrichment, and other conditions can foster or degrade welfare. Since humans began keeping nonhuman primates we have made vast strides in understanding their cognitive abilities, strong social bonds, vibrant personalities, and their capacity for joy and suffering. With an increasing number of countries banning the use of great apes in biomedical research, the welfare of primates in zoos and research facilities has gained increasing attention. This interdisciplinary work features contributors from many of the fields involved and those on both sides of the issue, thus providing an exhaustive overview of primate welfare. Readers from animal welfare science, primatology, animal testing, veterinary medicine, conservation to ethics and legislation will find this an important account.
Book Synopsis Aging in Nonhuman Primates by : Joseph Erwin
Download or read book Aging in Nonhuman Primates written by Joseph Erwin and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the number of elderly people in human populations increases, the study of normal aging, age-related disorders, and enhanced longevity is taking on new urgency. Fundamental research will provide means of preventing and effectively treating the most debilitating and distressing aspects of advanced age. Considerations of aging in nonhuman life forms do not aim at life extension, but at an increasing appreciation for the biological role of the aging process in populations, in addition to developing a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of aging. The present volume focuses on primate aging because human characteristics that evolved during their evolution are homologous with those of other primates. Therefore, the research on nonhuman primates will decidedly also contribute to our understanding of the process of human aging. The topics of this volume include brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, social behavior, cognition and aging, skeletal aging in natural and captive conditions, and consequences of caloric restriction for life and health extension. The great variety of contributions aim at providing a survey of the relevant work in progress and increasing the understanding of normal and pathological aging and life-span enhancement in a variety of nonhuman primate species.
Book Synopsis Health inequalities by : Johan P. Mackenbach
Download or read book Health inequalities written by Johan P. Mackenbach and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world we live in is hugely unequal. People in a better socioeconomic position do not only lead more comfortable lives, but also longer and healthier lives. This is true not only in the poorer parts of the world but also in the richest countries, including the advanced welfare states of Western Europe which have successfully pushed back poverty and other forms of material disadvantage. Why are health inequalities - systematically higher rates of disease, disability, and premature death among people with a lower level of education, occupation or income - so persistent? How can we expect to reduce this when it persists even in the most advanced states? Written by a leading figure in public health, this book looks to answer these questions by taking a broad, critical look at the scientific evidence surrounding the explanation of health inequalities, including recent findings from the fields of epidemiology, sociology, psychology, economics, and genetics. It concludes that a simplistic view, in which health inequalities are a direct consequence of social inequality, does not tell us the full story. Drawing upon a unique series of studies covering 30 European countries and more than three decades of observations, it shows that health inequalities are partly driven by autonomous forces that are difficult to counteract, such as educational expansion, increased social mobility, and rapid but differential health improvements. Finally, the book explores how we might use these new findings to continue our efforts to build a healthier and more equal future. Offering a truly multidisciplinary perspective and an accessible writing style, Health Inequalities is an indispensable resource for health researchers, professionals, and policy-makers, as well as for social scientists interested in inequality.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Implications of Stress and Depression by : Paul D. Chantler
Download or read book Cardiovascular Implications of Stress and Depression written by Paul D. Chantler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular Implications of Stress and Depression provides an in-depth examination on how exposure to stress influences risk for cardiovascular disease and how depression is associated with this relationship. This authoritative volume examines causal pathways linking stress, depression and cardiovascular disease. In addition, it provides mechanistic insights into how environmental stress can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Current information about mechanistic factors, clinical and epidemiological aspects, and management issues associated with stress/depression are presented. These insights demonstrate how the mechanisms behind chronic stress and depression lead to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, their role in existing diseases (such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) is explored. Provides the latest information on how stress leads to depression and how stress/depression interacts to accelerate cardiovascular diseases, including stroke Delivers insights on how mechanisms of stress/depression affect vasculature Explores how to best research this topic from human and pre-clinical models
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Neuroendocrinology by : Gina L. C. Yosten
Download or read book Cardiovascular Neuroendocrinology written by Gina L. C. Yosten and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cardiovascular system and the neuroendocrine system are integrated at multiple levels. This integration is key to normal physiological function. Further, it adapts to accommodate changes related to aging, the organism’s reproductive state, or physiological challenges. This type of adaptability, or plasticity, also can contribute to pathophysiology when these systems are stressed. This volume discusses how neuroendocrine systems influence cardiovascular function in health and disease. The first section provides detailed background information on neuronal and neuroendocrine control of cardiovascular function. This is followed by chapters highlighting the cardiovascular role of neuroendocrine hormones in regulating physiological states, such as pregnancy, and the effects of biological sex on vascular function. The influence of exercise, stress, psychology, and aging on cardiovascular function and dysfunction, and the possibility of therapeutically targeting the neuroendocrine axis for the treatment of cardiovascular disease are discussed in the final section of the book. This book is of relevance for students, trainees and established researchers alike who are seeking for an overview on the neuroendocrine control of cardiovascular function and disease. This is the fourteenth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series, which aims to illustrate the highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.
Book Synopsis Reproductive Sciences in Animal Conservation by : Pierre Comizzoli
Download or read book Reproductive Sciences in Animal Conservation written by Pierre Comizzoli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition emphasizes the environmental impact on reproduction, with updated chapters throughout as well as complete new chapters on species such as sharks and rays. This is a wide-ranging book that will be of relevance to anyone involved in species conservation, and provides critical perspectives on the real utility of current and emerging reproductive sciences. Understanding reproductive biology is centrally important to the way many of the world’s conservation problems should be tackled. Currently the extinction problem is huge, with up to 30% of the world’s fauna being expected to disappear in the next 50 years. Nevertheless, it has been estimated that the global population of animals in zoos encompasses 12,000 – 15,000 species, and we anticipate that every effort will be made to preserve these species for as long as possible, minimizing inbreeding effects and providing the best welfare standards available. Even if the reproductive biology community cannot solve the global biodiversity crisis for all wild species, we should do our best to maintain important captive populations. Reproductive biology in this context is much more than the development of techniques for helping with too little or too much breeding. While some of the relevant techniques are useful for individual species that society might target for a variety of reasons, whether nationalistic, cultural or practical, technical developments have to be backed up by thorough biological understanding of the background behind the problems.
Book Synopsis How Do We Want to Live? by : Gerhard Gründer
Download or read book How Do We Want to Live? written by Gerhard Gründer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you also ask yourself how much your thinking, feeling and behavior are determined by your genes and biology? Do you doubt that interfering with our brain chemistry will make us happier and more content people? Are you skeptical that computer algorithms can capture your essence as a human being? This nonfiction book challenges the worldview of "divine man" (Harari), in which humans are determined by their biology and medicine serves to optimize them. The author shows that we are the active designers of our living conditions and thus determine our own physical and mental health. Be inspired to participate in shaping the future of a human society in which we have to decide where we live, how we live with each other, how we work, and how we educate ourselves. Target Audiences: Ideal for anyone interested in the fundamentals of brain research, psychology, and psychiatry, and who is concerned about the nature of human beings and their future. About the Author: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Gründer, psychiatrist and psychotherapist, is a professor at the University of Heidelberg. He heads the Department of Molecular Neuroimaging at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Wie wollen wir leben? by Gerhard Gründer, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Book Synopsis Workplace Bullying and Mobbing in the United States by : Maureen Duffy
Download or read book Workplace Bullying and Mobbing in the United States written by Maureen Duffy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering multidisciplinary research and analysis on workplace bullying and mobbing, this two-volume set explores the prevalence of these behaviors in sectors ranging from K–12 education to corporate environments and exposes their effects on both individuals and organizations. Workplace Bullying and Mobbing in the United States provides a comprehensive overview of the nature and scope of the problem of workplace bullying and mobbing. By tapping the knowledge of a breadth of subject experts and interpreting contemporary survey data, this resource examines the impact of bullying and mobbing on targets; identifies what constitutes effective prevention and intervention; surveys the legal landscape for addressing the problem, from both American and (for multinational employers) transnational perspectives; and provides an analysis of key employment sectors with practical recommendations for prevention and amelioration of these behaviors. The contributors to this outstanding work include researchers, practitioners, and policy and subject-matter experts who are widely recognized as authorities on workplace bullying and mobbing, including Drs. Gary and Ruth Namie, cofounders of the U.S. workplace anti-bullying movement; Drs. Maureen Duffy and Len Sperry, internationally recognized authorities on workplace mobbing; and professor David Yamada, leading expert on the legal aspects of workplace bullying. The set's content will be of particular value to scholars and practitioners in disciplines that overlap with American labor and employee relations, industrial/organizational psychology and mental health, and law and conflict resolution.
Book Synopsis Social Inequality by : Kathryn Neckerman
Download or read book Social Inequality written by Kathryn Neckerman and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2004-06-18 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality in income, earnings, and wealth has risen dramatically in the United States over the past three decades. Most research into this issue has focused on the causes—global trade, new technology, and economic policy—rather than the consequences of inequality. In Social Inequality, a group of the nation's leading social scientists opens a wide-ranging inquiry into the social implications of rising economic inequality. Beginning with a critical evaluation of the existing research, they assess whether the recent run-up in economic inequality has been accompanied by rising inequality in social domains such as the quality of family and neighborhood life, equal access to education and health care, job satisfaction, and political participation. Marcia Meyers and colleagues find that many low-income mothers cannot afford market-based child care, which contributes to inequality both at the present time—by reducing maternal employment and family income—and through the long-term consequences of informal or low-quality care on children's educational achievement. At the other end of the educational spectrum, Thomas Kane links the growing inequality in college attendance to rising tuition and cuts in financial aid. Neil Fligstein and Taek-Jin Shin show how both job security and job satisfaction have decreased for low-wage workers compared with their higher-paid counterparts. Those who fall behind economically may also suffer diminished access to essential social resources like health care. John Mullahy, Stephanie Robert, and Barbara Wolfe discuss why higher inequality may lead to poorer health: wider inequality might mean increased stress-related ailments for the poor, and it might also be associated with public health care policies that favor the privileged. On the political front, Richard Freeman concludes that political participation has become more stratified as incomes have become more unequal. Workers at the bottom of the income scale may simply be too hard-pressed or too demoralized to care about political participation. Social Inequality concludes with a comprehensive section on the methodological problems involved in disentangling the effects of inequality from other economic factors, which will be of great benefit to future investigators. While today's widening inequality may be a temporary episode, the danger is that the current economic divisions may set in motion a self-perpetuating cycle of social disadvantage. The most comprehensive review of this quandary to date, Social Inequality maps out a new agenda for research on inequality in America with important implications for public policy.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Animal Stress by : Gary P. Moberg
Download or read book The Biology of Animal Stress written by Gary P. Moberg and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subjects of stress and animal welfare are currently attracting immense interest. This book brings together a range of perspectives from biomedical research (including human health and animal models of human stress) on stress and welfare, and assesses new approaches to conceptualising and alleviating stress.
Book Synopsis In the Light of Evolution by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans possess certain unique mental traits. Self-reflection, as well as ethic and aesthetic values, is among them, constituting an essential part of what we call the human condition. The human mental machinery led our species to have a self-awareness but, at the same time, a sense of justice, willing to punish unfair actions even if the consequences of such outrages harm our own interests. Also, we appreciate searching for novelties, listening to music, viewing beautiful pictures, or living in well-designed houses. But why is this so? What is the meaning of our tendency, among other particularities, to defend and share values, to evaluate the rectitude of our actions and the beauty of our surroundings? What brain mechanisms correlate with the human capacity to maintain inner speech, or to carry out judgments of value? To what extent are they different from other primates' equivalent behaviors? In the Light of Evolution Volume VII aims to survey what has been learned about the human "mental machinery." This book is a collection of colloquium papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "The Human Mental Machinery," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 11-12, 2013. The colloquium brought together leading scientists who have worked on brain and mental traits. Their 16 contributions focus the objective of better understanding human brain processes, their evolution, and their eventual shared mechanisms with other animals. The articles are grouped into three primary sections: current study of the mind-brain relationships; the primate evolutionary continuity; and the human difference: from ethics to aesthetics. This book offers fresh perspectives coming from interdisciplinary approaches that open new research fields and constitute the state of the art in some important aspects of the mind-brain relationships.
Book Synopsis International Textbook of Obesity by : Per Björntorp
Download or read book International Textbook of Obesity written by Per Björntorp and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2001-06-15 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obesity has now reached such proportions that in many parts of the world it is one of the most dominant health problems. Obesity leads to a number of serious diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke and cancer as well as psychological problems and a poor quality of life. Obesity research is now very active and understanding of the disease has greatly increased. The International Textbook of Obesity offers a definitive coverage of the area looking at epidemiology, causes, current research and management. * Gives an up to date account of the field * Edited by a leading expert in the area * Contributions from an impressive array of authors including many from young researchers giving new perspectives on the issues This will be a lasting reference for a wide range of academic and professional health care workers, including obesity research specialists, diebetologists, nutritionists, practising physicians and endocrinologists.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Epidemiology by : Sarah Boslaugh
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Epidemiology written by Sarah Boslaugh and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2007-11-27 with total page 1241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Reflecting the interrelationship with diverse fields, topics range from health psychology to health economics, ethics, and biostatistics. Some articles desribe underlying biostatistical concepts-from measures of central tendency, to kappa, to the Pearson correlation coefficient. Others explain public health research design, including community studies, and address the value and limitations of case reports and case series. Of particular note is a decision chart to help in choosing appropriate research designs. Health students and faculty will desire an online version of this gem!" —CHOICE Issues of health and disease are central to human life, so an understanding of the science of epidemiology—the study of the patterns of disease and injury in human populations—is relevant to everyone. Many areas of study are directly concerned with epidemiological issues, including medicine and nursing, public policy, health administration, and the social and behavioral sciences. The Encyclopedia of Epidemiology presents state-of-the-art information from the field of epidemiology in a less technical and accessible style and format. With more than 600 entries, no single reference provides as comprehensive a resource in as focused and appropriate manner. The entries cover every major facet of epidemiology, from risk ratios to case-control studies to mediating and moderating variables, and much more. Relevant topics from related fields such as biostatistics and health economics are also included. Key Features Presents a Reader′s Guide to organize entries around themes or specific topics and easily guide users to areas of interest Offers cross-referenced terms, a brief listing of Further Readings, and stable Web site URLs following most entries Provides appendices that include a general bibliography to build on Further Readings, an annotated list of organizations relevant to epidemiology, the standard statistical tables used in epidemiology (t-distribution, F-table, normal [z] distribution, chi-square, etc.), and flow charts to aid researchers in selecting an appropriate study design This resource is a must-have for students, practitioners, researchers, and the informed public who want to know more about health and disease and related topics.
Book Synopsis Studying Primates by : Joanna M. Setchell
Download or read book Studying Primates written by Joanna M. Setchell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to successfully designing, conducting and reporting primatological research.
Book Synopsis The Stress Prescription by : Elissa Epel, PhD
Download or read book The Stress Prescription written by Elissa Epel, PhD and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2022-12-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A preeminent expert sheds light on how to handle the daily hassles of life. It’s not just a manual for managing stress—it’s a toolkit for preventing it.” —Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Think Again From world-renowned psychologist and New York Times–bestselling author Dr. Elissa Epel, a simple yet powerful plan to turn your stress into your strength in just seven days We can’t avoid stress. But we can embrace it and transform it. Whether we’re facing deadlines, difficulties with family or friends, personal crises, or just the uncertainty of the world—stress is the ocean we swim in. Even our negative thoughts can trigger our body’s stress response so we rarely experience periods of ease and deep restoration. In The Stress Prescription, Dr. Epel distills decades of research, infused with wisdom, into a practical yet transformative seven-day plan of science-based techniques that can help you harness stress through more positive challenge and purpose. The seven-day prescription will lead you through these exercises: Day 1: Things Will Go Wrong . . . And That’s All Right Day 2: Control What You Can . . . And Put Down the Rest Day 3: Be the Lion Day 4: Train for Resilience Day 5: Let Nature Do the Work Day 6: Don’t Just Relax . . . Restore Day 7: Start Full, End Full Dr. Epel shows us how we can “stress better”—by training our minds and bodies to shift towards a flexible, beneficial stress response that can actually enhance health. You will develop a more robust mindset, build the resources you need to turn stress into strength, and fill your days with more joy, connection, and ease.
