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Author : Lori A. Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (384 download)
Download or read book Social Determinants of Infant Mortality Among a White, Rural Population written by Lori A. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author : Anna Claire Church
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Racial Differences in the Social Determinants of Infant Mortality: A County-Level Analysis written by Anna Claire Church and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infant mortality rates (IMRs) are considered to be one of the most important indicators of a healthy society and a key marker of maternal and child health. In the United States, progress has been made in reducing the overall infant mortality rate, but this reduced aggregated rate masks significant racial disparities. The objective of this study is to systematically examine racial differences in a number of social determinants of infant mortality at the county-level, specifically differences between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations. Multivariate OLS regression modeling is used to analyze the association between the demographic, economic, and health predictor variables and IMRs. The results show that while there are marked differences in the predictors of Black and white IMRs, there are also remarkable similarities. Median household incomes and numbers of practicing midwives are found to be two of the significant factors in reducing infant mortality rates for both groups. .
Download or read book Infant Mortality Within Minority and Rural Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A House Committee print detailing the events at a joint symposium on infant mortality within minority and rural communities. The symposium was convened to explore a variety of community-based domestic and international interventions designed to reduce the high infant mortality rates within high risk populations. Measures discussed included oral rehydration therapy, breast feeding, and home visiting projects.
Author : Robert A. Hummer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Racial Differentials in Infant Mortality in the U.S. written by Robert A. Hummer and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vanessa A. Lopez-Littleton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (793 download)
Download or read book An Ecological Analysis of Social and Economic Influences on Black and White Infant Mortality Risk in Orange County, FL written by Vanessa A. Lopez-Littleton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black health disparities are a salient public health issue with blacks in every socioeconomic level at a greater health disadvantage than their white counterparts. In particular, disparity in infant mortality rates between blacks and whites have widened in recent decades to differentials never before experienced in the United States. Social ecologists investigating the myriad of individual and environmental risk factors have failed to fully account for the persistent differential. This study examines the relationships between individual and environmental influences on the health risk experienced by blacks, whites, as well as the differential between the two populations. This multi-level analysis was conducted using five-year aggregate data centering on the 2000 decennial census (1998 - 2002) as the most recent census data available. During the study period, the 193 census tracts in Orange County, Florida, experienced 504 infant deaths which included 242 black and 241 white infant deaths. Using the infant mortality target rate developed for Healthy People 2000 as the "normal" infant mortality rate, risk was calculated as the percentage of deviation from the (")normal("). A rate was also calculated to demonstrate the difference between black and white percent deviations from the "normal". Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between socioeconomic influences (Socioeconomic Disadvantage), social risk factors (Social Disorganization), and behavioral risk factors (Poor Behavioral Choices) using a latent variable approach based on a conceptual model which integrated the social determinants of health framework and conflict theory. In this study, an inverse association was found between socioeconomic disadvantage and infant mortality risk for black infants. This finding is contradictory to the expected finding and may have been due to multicollinearity or the operationalization of the endogenous study variable for black infant mortality risk. Thus, this study highlights the complexity of unraveling the interrelationship between social and economic risk factors. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of the latent variable approach in public health research as well as the need to broaden the approach to selecting indicators. This study concludes with specific policy recommendations aimed at improving the health outcomes of vulnerable populations using the social determinants of health framework.
Author : Yousra A. Mohamoud
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Area-level Drivers of Term Infant Mortality written by Yousra A. Mohamoud and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US has had a persistently low ranking in IMR over the past thirty years. Increasing evidence suggests that this is partially driven by high infant mortality among infants born at term. Recent studies suggest that individual level maternal factors alone cannot explain this high term infant mortality, and that high level area factors affecting quality and access to resources might have an important role to play. This project addresses a critical knowledge gap by examining the effect of area-level drivers-relating to socioeconomic disadvantage- on (1) term infant mortality overall, (2) black-white disparities in term infant mortality within the context of a social determinants of infant mortality framework. This project uses multilevel logistic regression and mapping techniques, operationalizing four measures of area socioeconomic disadvantage: poverty, urban-rural classification, economic spatial polarization and racialized-economic spatial polarization. To investigate: (1) the independent effect of county poverty and urban-rural classification and the interaction between them on term infant mortality; (2) the relationship between county poverty, urban-rural classification and the cause of death among term infants as a step towards understanding the mechanisms by which they could be associated with term infant death; (3) the effect of economic and racialized-economic spatial polarization on term infant mortality and on black-white disparities in mortality at term using the index of concentration at the extremes. Together the work of this dissertation helps provide a deeper understanding of the drivers of the marked disparities in term infant survival in the US and identifies important potential targets for intervention and future research opportunities to reduce within and cross-country disparities in term infant mortality.
Author : State of Maryland
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780331455809
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (558 download)
Download or read book Closing the Gap, Addressing the Disparity of Infant Mortality Among African-American and White Infants written by State of Maryland and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-19 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from "Closing the Gap," Addressing the Disparity of Infant Mortality Among African-American and White Infants: Approaches for Clinicians and Policymakers; Final Report of the Expert Panel on African-American/White Infant Mortality Gap Maryland has made considerable progress in reducing its overall infant mortality steadily since 1995. In fact, the State had a record low infant mortality rate Of deaths per 1000 live births in 1996. However, there remains a significant gap in the number of African - American and White infant deaths. African-american infants are more than two times likely to die within the first year of life. The State's overall child well - being will not improve unless we work harder to make sure that every child is born healthy and that every child reaches his first birthday. My Administration has made investigating the issue of racial disparity in infant mortality and finding solutions a top priority. In 1995, the Maryland Commission on Infant Mortality Prevention identified the need to reduce the racial gap in infant deaths among african-americans and Whites as a major goal in its eight point Statewide strategic infant mortality prevention plan. In 1996, I asked the Commission to appoint a blue ribbon panel Of experts to explore the factors contributing to the gap and develop recommendations for improvement. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133181
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309669820
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309084377
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book When Children Die written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-09 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The death of a child is a special sorrow. No matter the circumstances, a child's death is a life-altering experience. Except for the child who dies suddenly and without forewarning, physicians, nurses, and other medical personnel usually play a central role in the lives of children who die and their families. At best, these professionals will exemplify "medicine with a heart." At worst, families' encounters with the health care system will leave them with enduring painful memories, anger, and regrets. When Children Die examines what we know about the needs of these children and their families, the extent to which such needs areâ€"and are notâ€"being met, and what can be done to provide more competent, compassionate, and consistent care. The book offers recommendations for involving child patients in treatment decisions, communicating with parents, strengthening the organization and delivery of services, developing support programs for bereaved families, improving public and private insurance, training health professionals, and more. It argues that taking these steps will improve the care of children who survive as well as those who do notâ€"and will likewise help all families who suffer with their seriously ill or injured child. Featuring illustrative case histories, the book discusses patterns of childhood death and explores the basic elements of physical, emotional, spiritual, and practical care for children and families experiencing a child's life-threatening illness or injury.
Author : K. Bryant Smalley, PhD, PsyD
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826108954
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)
Download or read book Rural Public Health written by K. Bryant Smalley, PhD, PsyD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[A] welcome addition to the rural health care practitioner's tool kit. It will energize those interested in vulnerable rural residents and their unique characteristics through a public health perspective... Highly recommended."--CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries "This call to action for healthcare providers is a comprehensive review of issues in rural healthcare, including both obstacles and ways to begin to overcome them. It is easy to read... This enjoyable book encourages healthcare providers working or considering working in rural healthcare with clear direction."--Doody's Medical Reviews "The Warren & Smalley book is an excellent look at the challenges while also presenting solutions and hope. It recognizes the medical challenges that are present and the cost of bring medical care to these communities... There is so much in this book that will be refreshing and encouraging. The book needs to be read. It is also a book that needs to be placed in the hands of the movers and shakers, as well other interested parties who are in a position to 'make this happen.'" -- Illness, Crisis & Loss Rural residents face distinct health challenges due to economic conditions, cultural/behavioral factors, and health provider shortages that combine to impose striking disparities in health outcomes among rural populations. This comprehensive text about the issues of rural public health is the only book to focus on rural health from the perspectives of public health and prevention. It covers specific diseases and disorders faced by rural populations, service delivery challenges, practitioner shortfalls in rural areas, and promising community health approaches and preventive measures. The text also addresses rural health care ethics and international perspectives. Nearly all chapters offer best practice recommendations and evidence-based prevention programs. This book is a cohesive, centralized resource for researchers, public health practitioners, health organizations, and graduate education programs that focus on the public health of rural populations. Key Features: Comprises the only text to address rural health from the perspectives of public health and prevention Includes best practice recommendations and evidence-based prevention programs in each chapter Presents a cohesive, expansive synthesis of current research and practice Addresses specific diseases and disorders of rural populations, service delivery problems, and practitioner shortfalls in rural areas Discusses promising community health approaches and preventative measures
Author : Dustin T. Duncan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190843497
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Neighborhoods and Health written by Dustin T. Duncan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE GROUNDBREAKING, FORMATIVE WORK IN SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY -- NOW UPDATED FOR A NEW GENERATION OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN PUBLIC HEALTH In 2003, Neighborhoods and Health codified the idea that a neighborhood's social and physical makeup can influence the health of people who live in it. More than a decade later, with the relationship between place and health firmly entrenched at the center of how we understand public health (and as its own scientific discipline, spatial epidemiology), this second edition of the landmark text offers another giant leap forward for the field. Offering both a synthesis of the essential research and a practical overview of the methods used to garner it, the second edition of Neighborhoods and Health is the essential guide to understanding this core component of contemporary population health -- both the journey to date and what's next.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309058961
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book From Death to Birth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-12 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.
Author : WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241563702
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)
Download or read book Closing the Gap in a Generation written by WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908265X
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
Author : Alice A. Kuo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199309388
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book Child Health written by Alice A. Kuo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-07 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children in the U.S. are not faring well. Despite major advances in public health, hygiene, and treatment for acute infections, child health outcomes in the U.S. are among the bottom for developed countries. As we enter the third decade of a child obesity epidemic, children born in the last ten years are now likely to have a shorter lifespan than their parents. Coupled with an epidemic of childhood mental health issues -- many of them unaddressed due to stigma or lack of recognition -- plus the impacts of gun violence, poverty, and youth incarceration contribute to an overall culture that fails to prioritize the health and welfare of our youngest members of society. Child Health: A Population Perspective examines both the history of child health and the three dynamics that most define it: the principles and dynamics between children, families, and communities; social determinants of health; and life course health development. With both theoretical grounding and illustrative case studies, this book provides a core framework for students in maternal and child health to better understand the issues facing children today -- and how to serve them best.
