Smokes And Obscurants

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Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309184290
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-24 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.

Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309057361
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants by : National Research Council

Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309063299
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-07-28 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and are used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air that block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing some product. Red phosphorus smoke and graphite smoke are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to ensure that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training does not have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT), which convened the Subcommittee on Military Smokes and Obscurants. The subcommittee conducted a detailed evaluation of the toxicity of four obscuring smokes: white phosphorus, brass, titanium dioxide, and graphite. The results of the subcommittee's study are presented in this report, which is the second volume in the series. Toxicity data and exposure guidance levels for diesel-fuel, fog-oil, red phosphorus, and hexachloroethane smokes were presented in Volume 1. Seven colored smokes will be reviewed in a subsequent volume.

Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309074827
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-09 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.

Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants. Phase 1

Download Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants. Phase 1 PDF Online Free

Author : Joseph H. Shinn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants. Phase 1 by : Joseph H. Shinn

Download or read book Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants. Phase 1 written by Joseph H. Shinn and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant depending on smoke type and smoke-generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, hexachloroethane-derived smokes, fog oil, diesel fuel smokes, and some infrared obscuring agents.

Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants by :

Download or read book Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Smokes and Obscurants

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Smokes and Obscurants by :

Download or read book Smokes and Obscurants written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant (S and O) depending on smoke type and smoke-generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus (WP), red phosphorus (RP), hexachloroethane-derived smokes (HC), fog oil (SGF-2), diesel fuel smokes (DF), and some infrared obscuring agents (IR).

Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309068754
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces by : National Research Council

Download or read book Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-21 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Gulf War veterans have expressed concerns about health effects that could be associated with their deployment and service during the war. Although similar concerns were raised after other military operations, the Gulf War deployment focused national attention on the potential, but uncertain, relationship between the presence of chemical and biological (CB) agents and other harmful agents in theater and health symptoms reported by military personnel. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces which is one of the four two-year studies, examines the detection and tracking of exposures of deployed personnel to multiple harmful agents.

Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment: A First-order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants: Phase 1 Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment: A First-order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants: Phase 1 Report by :

Download or read book Smokes and Obscurants: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment: A First-order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants: Phase 1 Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant (S and O) depending on smoke type and smoke-generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus (WP), red phosphorus (RP), hexachloroethane-derived smokes (HC), fog oil (SGF-2), diesel fuel smokes (DF), and some infrared obscuring agents (IR).

Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171938
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.

Weber's Smoke

Author : Jamie Purviance
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 054485943X
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (448 download)

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Book Synopsis Weber's Smoke by : Jamie Purviance

Download or read book Weber's Smoke written by Jamie Purviance and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up your grilling game by exploring the not-so-mysterious world of seasoning with wood chips—from Smoky Shrimp Tacos to Hickory Pork Tenderloins. Now you can add smoke flavor to almost any food on any grill. Weber’s Smoke shows you how and inspires you with recipes that range from the classic (Best-on-the-Block Baby Back Ribs) to the ambitious (Smoked Duck and Cherry Sausages). And best of all, many of the recipes let you achieve mouthwatering smoke flavor in a matter of minutes—not hours. You’ll learn: Basic and advanced smoke cooking methods for traditional smokers as well as standard backyard grills Over 85 exciting recipes such as Brined and Maple-Smoked Bacon and Cedar-Planked Brie with Cherry Chutney and Toasted Almonds Smoking woods’ flavor characteristics and food pairing suggestions that complement each distinct type of wood Weber’s Top Ten Smoking Tips for getting the best possible results on any grill

Seize the High Ground

Author : James A. Walker
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Seize the High Ground by : James A. Walker

Download or read book Seize the High Ground written by James A. Walker and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2003 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[Seize the high ground is a] narrative history of the Army's aerospace experience from the 1950s to the present. The focus is on ballistic missile defense, from the early NIKE-HERCULES missile program through the SAFEGUARD acquisition site allowed by the 1972 ABM Treaty to the more advanced 'Star Wars' concepts studies toward the end of the century. [What is] covered is not only the technological response to the threat but the organizational and tactical development of the commands and units responsible for the defense mission"--CMH website.

Smoke and Obscurants; a Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants

Download Smoke and Obscurants; a Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Smoke and Obscurants; a Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants by :

Download or read book Smoke and Obscurants; a Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant depending on smoke type and smoke generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, hexachlorethane-derived smokes (HC), fog-oil (SGF-2), diesel fuel smokes (DF), and some infrared obscuring agents. The results were ranked according to: Device Impact Area and Environmental Concentration; Inhalation Toxicity and Air Concentration Quotient; Oral Toxicity and Ingestion Quotient; Aquatic Toxicity Quotient; Short-Term and Long-Term Mobility in the Environment; and Overall Environmental Importance.

Military Smokes and Obscurants Fate and Effects

Author : Katherine von Stackleberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (576 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Smokes and Obscurants Fate and Effects by : Katherine von Stackleberg

Download or read book Military Smokes and Obscurants Fate and Effects written by Katherine von Stackleberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ecological Risk Assessment

Author : Glenn W. Suter II
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873718752
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Risk Assessment by : Glenn W. Suter II

Download or read book Ecological Risk Assessment written by Glenn W. Suter II and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-10-23 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, environmental scientists have been required to perform a new type of assessment-ecological risk assessment. This is the first book that explains how to perform ecological risk assessments and gives assessors access to the full range of useful data, models, and conceptual approaches they need to perform an accurate assessment. It explains how ecological risk assessment relates to more familiar types of assessments. It also shows how to organize and conduct an ecological risk assessment, including defining the source, selecting endpoints, describing the relevant features of the receiving environment, estimating exposure, estimating effects, characterizing the risks, and interacting with the risk manager. Specific technical topics include finding and selecting toxicity data; statistical and mathematical models of effects on organisms, populations, and ecosystems; estimation of chemical fate parameters; modeling of chemical transport and fate; estimation of chemical uptake by organisms; and estimation, propagation, and presentation of uncertainty. Ecological Risk Assessment also covers conventional risk assessments, risk assessments for existing contamination, large scale problems, exotic organisms, and risk assessments based on environmental monitoring. Environmental assessors at regulatory agencies, consulting firms, industry, and government labs need this book for its approaches and methods for ecological risk assessment. Professors in ecology and other environmental sciences will find the book's practical preparation useful for classroom instruction. Environmental toxicologists and chemists will appreciate the discussion of the utility for risk assessment of particular toxicity tests and chemical determinations.

Energetic Materials and Munitions

Author : Adam Stewart Cumming
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527344837
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Energetic Materials and Munitions by : Adam Stewart Cumming

Download or read book Energetic Materials and Munitions written by Adam Stewart Cumming and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a hands-on approach to demilitarization and environmental aspects of energetic materials and munitions This book gives an overview of the environmental impact of the production, use, and cleanup of energetic materials and munitions. It provides scientists, engineers, environmental specialists, and users with the understanding of environmental issues for munitions and of the ways to improve design and manage potential risks. It covers the various aspects of how chemical properties influence fate, transport, and toxicity of new formulations and prescribes tools for reducing or alleviating environmental risks. In addition, it discusses pyrotechnics and the problem of dealing with munitions underwater. Chapters in Energetic Materials and Munitions: Life Cycle Management, Environmental Impact and Demilitarization look at demilitarization in general, as well as in the future. Topics covered include logistics, costs, and management; life cycle analysis and management; and greener munitions. Another introduces readers to the "One Health" approach in the design of sustainable munition compounds. Following that, readers are taught about land assessment for munitions-related contamination in military live-fire training. The book also examines the development and integration of environmental, safety, and occupational health information. -Brings together in one source expertise and in-depth information on the current and future state of how we handle the production, use, and demilitarization of explosives and weaponry -A handy reference for experienced practitioners, as well as for training young professionals in the field -Every chapter contains real-life examples and proposes future directions for the field Energetic Materials and Munitions: Life Cycle Management, Environmental Impact and Demilitarization is an important book for explosives specialists, pyrotechnicians, materials scientists, military authorities, safety officers, health officers, and chemical engineers.

Reducing the Logistics Burden for the Army After Next

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309173329
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing the Logistics Burden for the Army After Next by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reducing the Logistics Burden for the Army After Next written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-22 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assesses the potential of new technology to reduce logistics support requirements for future Army combat systems. It describes and recommends areas of research and technology development in which the Army should invest now to field systems that will reduce logistics burdens and provide desired capabilities for an "Army After Next (AAN) battle force" in 2025.