Smallholders Commercialization Cooperatives: A Diagnostic for Ethiopia

Download Smallholders Commercialization Cooperatives: A Diagnostic for Ethiopia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Smallholders Commercialization Cooperatives: A Diagnostic for Ethiopia by : Tanguy Bernard, Eleni Gabre-Madhin, and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse

Download or read book Smallholders Commercialization Cooperatives: A Diagnostic for Ethiopia written by Tanguy Bernard, Eleni Gabre-Madhin, and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Smallholders' Commercialization Through Cooperatives

Download Smallholders' Commercialization Through Cooperatives PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Smallholders' Commercialization Through Cooperatives by : Tanguy Bernard

Download or read book Smallholders' Commercialization Through Cooperatives written by Tanguy Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cooperatives for Staple Crop Marketing

Download Cooperatives for Staple Crop Marketing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 0896291758
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cooperatives for Staple Crop Marketing by : Tanguy Bernard

Download or read book Cooperatives for Staple Crop Marketing written by Tanguy Bernard and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural producer organizations (RPOs), such as farmers' organizations or rural cooperatives, offer a means for smallholder farmers in developing countries to sell their crops commercially. RPOs hold particular promise for Sub-Saharan Africa, where small-scale farming is the primary livelihood but commercialization of food crops is very limited. Using the experience of smallholders in Ethiopia as a case study, this research monograph identifies the benefits of RPOs for small farmers, as well as the conditions under which such organizations most successfully promote smallholder commercialization. The evidence from Ethiopia indicates that RPOs do increase farmers' profits from crop sales, but that the beneficiaries do not tend to be the poorest smallholders. Moreover, an RPO's marketing effectiveness is precarious: it can easily diminish if the number or diversity of its members increases or if it provides more non-marketing services. The authors conclude that RPOs have a role to play in the agricultural development of Sub-Saharan Africa, but that role should be complemented by other programs that directly target the poorest farmers. Further, the effectiveness of RPOs should be preserved by allowing them to follow their own agendas rather than being encouraged to take on non-marketing activities. The assessment of RPOs presented in this monograph should be a valuable resource for policymakers and researchers concerned with economic development and poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Impact of Cooperatives on Smallholders' Commercialization Behavior

Download Impact of Cooperatives on Smallholders' Commercialization Behavior PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Impact of Cooperatives on Smallholders' Commercialization Behavior by : Tanguy Bernard

Download or read book Impact of Cooperatives on Smallholders' Commercialization Behavior written by Tanguy Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transforming Food Systems for a Rising India

Download Transforming Food Systems for a Rising India PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030144097
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transforming Food Systems for a Rising India by : Prabhu Pingali

Download or read book Transforming Food Systems for a Rising India written by Prabhu Pingali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines the interactions between India’s economic development, agricultural production, and nutrition through the lens of a “Food Systems Approach (FSA).” The Indian growth story is a paradoxical one. Despite economic progress over the past two decades, regional inequality, food insecurity and malnutrition problems persist. Simultaneously, recent trends in obesity along with micro-nutrient deficiency portend to a future public health crisis. This book explores various challenges and opportunities to achieve a nutrition-secure future through diversified production systems, improved health and hygiene environment and greater individual capability to access a balanced diet contributing to an increase in overall productivity. The authors bring together the latest data and scientific evidence from the country to map out the current state of food systems and nutrition outcomes. They place India within the context of other developing country experiences and highlight India’s status as an outlier in terms of the persistence of high levels of stunting while following global trends in obesity. This book discusses the policy and institutional interventions needed for promoting a nutrition-sensitive food system and the multi-sectoral strategies needed for simultaneously addressing the triple burden of malnutrition in India.

Cooperation for competition

Download Cooperation for competition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9086866549
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (868 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cooperation for competition by : Gian Nicola Francesconi

Download or read book Cooperation for competition written by Gian Nicola Francesconi and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout history, rural smallholders have formed various forms of associations to confront access-barriers to the market. It is estimated that 250 million farmers participate in agricultural cooperatives in developing countries. Agricultural cooperatives are considered to be a fundamental pillar of rural development strategies, as well as a core institution in the process of governance decentralization and agri-business development. In Ethiopia, where agro-ecological conditions are generally favourable, 85 percent of the national population lives in rural areas under subsistence or semi-subsistence regimes. Agricultural cooperatives are advocated by the government as key market institutions to exploit Ethiopia's agricultural growth potential. The scope of this study is to improve the understanding of the role played by cooperative organizations in linking Ethiopian smallholder farmers to emerging markets. Through exploring the evolution of supermarkets, integrated supply chains, and global commodity exchange networks, this study sheds light on the relationship between rural cooperation and farmers' competitiveness. Quantitative data that form the basis for this study were collected from the Highland regions of Ethiopia, in the period between 2003 and 2006. Findings suggest that cooperatives are not a panacea to boost rural competitiveness. Collective action assists smallholders in procuring state subsidy for production, but does not necessarily lead to increased commercialization. Only when collective action involves collective marketing do farmers become more commercial, further improving production volumes and productivity. However, in the process of commercialization and production intensification quality management is often neglected in Ethiopian agricultural cooperatives. This study reveals guidelines for public-private partnerships so that cooperative farmers can maximize commercialization and optimize the balance between quality and productivity.

Accelerating technical change through video-mediated agricultural extension: Evidence from Ethiopia

Download Accelerating technical change through video-mediated agricultural extension: Evidence from Ethiopia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Accelerating technical change through video-mediated agricultural extension: Evidence from Ethiopia by : Abate, Gashaw T.

Download or read book Accelerating technical change through video-mediated agricultural extension: Evidence from Ethiopia written by Abate, Gashaw T. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a rapidly growing enthusiasm around applications of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to smallholder agriculture in developing countries, there are still many questions on the effectiveness of ICT-based approaches. This study assesses the effects of videomediated agricultural extension service provision on farmers’ knowledge and adoption of improved agricultural technologies and practices in Ethiopia. The study focuses on a program piloted by the Government of Ethiopia and Digital Green and poses three questions. First, to what extent does video-mediated extension lead to increased uptake of improved agricultural technologies and practices by smallholder farmers? Second, is video-mediated extension targeted at both spouses of the household more effective than when only targeted at the (typically male) household head? Third, how cost-effective is a video-mediated approach to extension provision? The study explores these questions with a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the video-mediated approach as applied to three priority crops (teff, wheat, maize) and three technologies (row planting, precise seeding rates, and urea dressing). The trial was implemented in 347 kebeles (village clusters) during the 2017 meher (rainy) season in Ethiopia’s four most agriculturally important regional states. Analysis of data from our surveys of 2,422 households and 896 extension agents indicates that the video-mediated approach is more effective than the conventional approach in achieving several key outcomes. Specifically, we find that videomediated extension reaches a wider audience than the conventional approach and leads to higher levels of agricultural knowledge and uptake of technologies in those kebeles randomly assigned to the program. While our results do point to greater participation and greater knowledge of female spouses in kebeles where both male and female spouses were targeted by the program, we do not find clear evidence that the more inclusive approach translated into higher uptake of the subject technologies and practices. Finally, we find that the video-mediated approach becomes less costly as the scale of operation increases.

Institutional Arrangement for Social Risk Management and its Impact on Smallholders’ Commercialization. The Case of Mieso and Gumbibordode Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Download Institutional Arrangement for Social Risk Management and its Impact on Smallholders’ Commercialization. The Case of Mieso and Gumbibordode Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346570940
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (465 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Institutional Arrangement for Social Risk Management and its Impact on Smallholders’ Commercialization. The Case of Mieso and Gumbibordode Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia by : Aman Kiniso

Download or read book Institutional Arrangement for Social Risk Management and its Impact on Smallholders’ Commercialization. The Case of Mieso and Gumbibordode Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia written by Aman Kiniso and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-01-12 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2020 in the subject Social Studies (General), grade: A, Haramaya University, language: English, abstract: The major interest of this study was to identify institutional challenges in smallholders’ commercialization, to assess perceived sources of social risks, to analyze factors affecting the choice of institutional arrangements for social risk management; and to evaluate the impact of institutional arrangements on social risk management on smallholder’s commercialization the case of Mieso and Gumbi-Bordode districts of West Hararghe zone of Oromia Regional State. To meet these objectives a total of 382 sampled households were randomly selected from ten kebeles. Descriptive and inferential statistics of principal component analysis, multivariate regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to achieve these objectives. Social risks are a global phenomenon, having severe and direct implications for society, incurring large-scale influence, depending on the cultural, political, and economic context in which this phenomenon manifests itself. In recent years, a more holistic approach and society-wide arrangements of social risk management that go beyond social protection have become increasingly important to assist individuals and households to better manage multiple social risk factors. Given this, in the West Hararghe zone, pastoralists and agropastoralists often deal with social risks through the market, informal and public arrangements in the case of risks due to different reasons. However, the impact of the institutional arrangements for social risk management has not been well studied and documented.

Malt Barley Contract Farming and Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia

Download Malt Barley Contract Farming and Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346561089
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (465 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Malt Barley Contract Farming and Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia by : Tesfa Sisay

Download or read book Malt Barley Contract Farming and Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia written by Tesfa Sisay and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-12-22 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, Haramaya University, course: Agricultural Commercialization, language: English, abstract: This paper seeks to discern the relationship between agricultural cooperatives and contract farming scheme both in the modern malt barley value chain sector in Ethiopia. It ponders over various results of secondary data sources of studies. Despite the fact that contract farming is at its inception in Ethiopia, GTPs I and II (Growth and Transformation Plans), promotes smallholders commercialization via contract farming and agricultural cooperatives as pillar in the growth. Contract farming is an option way-out to make agricultural commercialization viable. It is an institution that eases supply of agricultural produce for firms and access for input and output market for smallholders. Currently malt barley contractual farming is widely practiced in Ethiopia (Arsi, Shoa) due to the emerging investment of multiple beer factories. Agricultural cooperatives play a significant role in harnessing smallholders and firms in the value chain of malt barley. Along the value chain of malt barley marketing mainly Assela Malt Factory, beer firms, and traders, exist. Malt barley collection from Primary Cooperatives exceeded in 2014 crop year, because of five birr premium price per quintal. However, the amount stipulated in the contract and the collection varies as evident of side selling.

Agricultural Commercialization, Economic Development, and Nutrition

Download Agricultural Commercialization, Economic Development, and Nutrition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Food Policy Research Insitute
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural Commercialization, Economic Development, and Nutrition by : Joachim Von Braun

Download or read book Agricultural Commercialization, Economic Development, and Nutrition written by Joachim Von Braun and published by International Food Policy Research Insitute. This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsistence production: a sign of market failure. Commercialization cannot be left to the market. Household effects of commercialization. Nutrition effects of commercialization. Policy action needed.

Cooperatives, Grassroots Development, and Social Change

Download Cooperatives, Grassroots Development, and Social Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816534748
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cooperatives, Grassroots Development, and Social Change by : Marcela Vásquez-Léon

Download or read book Cooperatives, Grassroots Development, and Social Change written by Marcela Vásquez-Léon and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Provides a cross-country comparison of smallholder agricultural cooperatives in Paraguay, Brazil and Colombia, revealing immense opportunities and challenges for community development, empowerment, and social change"--Provided by publisher.

Determinants and Impact of Smallholder Collection Action in Kenya

Download Determinants and Impact of Smallholder Collection Action in Kenya PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736941447
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Determinants and Impact of Smallholder Collection Action in Kenya by : Elisabeth Marija Fischer

Download or read book Determinants and Impact of Smallholder Collection Action in Kenya written by Elisabeth Marija Fischer and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Smallholders face numerous constraints that keep them from taking advantage of market opportunities. Because they often live in poverty and remoteness, on less than a hectare of land with poor road and market infrastructure, they face high costs of market exchange. In order for smallholders to compete with large-scale farms and benefit from the observed and ongoing transformation of the agri-food sector, institutional solutions are necessary that address the small scale problem. One potential option is through farmer collective action. However, the existing literature has not yet sufficiently identified the explicit mechanisms and dynamics by which collective action generates benefits for men and women. In three related articles, this research investigates how farmer groups facilitate access to input and output markets by reducing transaction costs, thereby promoting intensification and commercialization of small farms. It addresses the existing research gap by analyzing determinants, participation dynamics and impacts of farmer groups, using the case of small-scale banana producers in Kenya. For the analysis cross-sectional data from 444 farm households was collected in the central highlands region of Kenya, where bananas provide an important source of food and income. Recently established farmer groups initiated by two local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), TechnoServe and Africa Harvest, introduced institutional change in the national banana market chain. Within such groups, farmers can more easily access clean tissue culture (TC) banana planting material, get agronomic and market information, negotiate better prices and gain access to urban, high-value markets through collective selling. However, the marketing performance of these groups is unclear, and commitment varies greatly between members. Gender issues are partly left unaddressed by NGOs and group leadership. These issues pose serious threats to the groups’ viability in the long run. The first chapter focuses on the determinants and impacts of smallholder organization. Farmer groups are generally inclusive of the poor, although wealthier households are more likely to join. Access to credit plays a role, as the adoption of relatively costly TC planting material is technically encouraged among group members. Distance to paved roads and mobile phone ownership facilitate participation and thus have a positive effect on the likelihood of group membership. Employing a propensity score matching method to reduce possible selection bias in impact assessment, we show positive income effects for group members. However, the magnitude of the economic benefits correlates with the mode of participation, since we find positive income effects only for members selling through the group. A considerable number of members are not participating in collective marketing. Yet, price advantages of collective marketing are small, as highvalue market potentials have not yet been tapped. Increases in income therefore stem from specialization effects and the expansion of banana plantations, facilitated by the improved access to TC planting material. In addition, group members are more likely to follow good agricultural practices in banana cultivation. Hence, beyond prices, farmer groups function as important catalysts for innovation adoption through promoting efficient information flows. In conclusion, some of the motivations for collective action do not seem to apply in the case of banana in Kenya. With significant improvements in road infrastructure, supply chains have become relatively short over the past years. Nor do farmers suffer from monopsonic power of up- and downstream actors that could render collective bargaining beneficial. In terms of price benefits, farmer collective action may thus make more sense in high-value and export markets, which are more difficult to access for individual smallholders. The fact that the magnitude of benefits from group membership is linked to the degree of participation motivates the thematic focus in the second chapter. Within farmer groups, the commitment of individual members to achieve shared objectives can vary, because the expected net benefits are not the same for all, and opportunities to free-ride exist. Since the benefits of collective action emerge primarily through the exploitation of economies of scale, and services are financed through collective marketing, low participation rates in joint activities may jeopardize the performance and viability of farmer groups. The second chapter therefore investigates commitment to collective action in terms of participation intensity and free-riding. Sequential probit and doublehurdle regression models are used to explain participation in group meetings and collective marketing. The results suggest that family labor availability and previous benefits that members received through the groups positively influence their intensity of participation in group meetings and collective marketing. There is evidence that hints at a middle size effect. That is, those with very small and very large banana plantations are less likely to participate intensively in group activities, as their cost-benefit ratio is negative. Free-riding is mostly attributed to structural and institutional conditions, such as group size and the timing of payments. Furthermore, more diversified farmers are less likely to sell collectively. Since smallholders are often highly diversified in their agricultural activities, farmer groups should also diversify their activities to include more than one crop. These findings underline that it is important to go beyond considering participation in collective action as a binary variable. Commitment is not only influenced by opportunistic behavior but also by member constraints, which contribute to lower than optimal supply of collective goods and services. The knowledge of individual behavior and constraints allows policy makers to design and implement more successful and viable forms of collective action. Based on experiences from data collection in the field, men increasingly become involved in banana production, although banana traditionally belongs to the women’s sphere of control because of its importance as a semi-subsistence food crop. Although agricultural intensification and commercialization can have diverse effects on men and women, gender mainstreaming in farmer groups does not exist. The third chapter therefore investigates changes in gender relations due to group membership and related effects on household food security and nutrition. With membership in farmer groups, new economic opportunities emerge, which transform gender relations and may affect household welfare. Descriptive statistics are used to show that men increasingly become involved in banana production and revenue decisions when market and technology access improves. Controlling for possible selection bias, regression analysis suggests that dietary quality deteriorates when men seize control over revenues from banana production, although no effect on calorie supply can be observed. Finally, it is shown that female membership in farmer groups enables women to sustain their claims on banana output. Particularly the poorest women are thus able to increase their contribution to household income and strengthen their position within the household. Female membership enables women to better negotiate and sustain their claims on banana output within the family. These results emphasize the potential of farmer groups for the empowerment of women as farmers and as wives. The three chapters provide important insights into the distinct mechanisms of collective action by which benefits for smallholders emerge. In the case of staple foods, economic benefits emerge primarily through access to improved technology and information, since the motivation for market-oriented collective action may not hold as strongly as in high-value or export markets. Positive income effects in this concrete case can therefore mostly be attributed to specialization and intensification, which are important preconditions for smallholder commercialization. The binary definition of group membership used in most empirical studies may be misleading, as the costs and benefits of active participation may differ across individual members, so that different participation intensities are often observed. Knowledge of these differences allows policy makers to tackle some of the problems of farmer groups regarding market performance and viability in the longer term. Finally, farmer groups can be an important pro-poor tool for the empowerment of women. Yet, this potential has not yet been sufficiently explored by researchers and policy makers. Zusammenfassung Im Zugang zu Märkten stehen kleinbäuerliche Familien in Entwicklungsländern vor immensen Herausforderungen. Oft leben sie in Armut, müssen mit weniger als einem Hektar Land auskommen, haben kaum Anschluss an alljährlich befahrbare Straßen und leiden unter mangelndem Zugang zu Information über Märkte und verbesserte Anbaumethoden. Diese Faktoren erhöhen die Kosten des Marktaustausches und verhindern so ein profitables Wirtschaften. Wenn Kleinbauern konkurrenzfähig sein wollen, um von neuen Entwicklungen auf den Agrarmärkten zu profitieren, muss das Problem der geringen Skalenenerträge gelöst werden. Ein institutioneller Lösungsansatz hierfür ist kollektives Handeln, z.B. in Produzentengruppen, in denen Kleinbauern die nötigen Skalenvorteile erlangen, um Transaktionskosten zu reduzieren. Die Literatur hat die Mechanismen und Dynamiken aus denen die Vorteile kollektiven Handelns für Männer und Frauen hervorgehen, bisher nur unzureichend beschrieben. Daher wird hier in drei zusammenhängenden Beiträgen der Frage nachgegangen, ob und wie Produzentengruppen den Zugang zu Input- und Outputmärkten verbessern und zu einer Intensivierung und Kommerzialisierung der kleinbäuerlichen Landwirtschaft beitragen können. Um die verschiedenen Mechanismen zu beschreiben aus denen Vorteile entstehen, werden die Determinanten, Dynamiken und Auswirkungen von Produzentengruppen am Beispiel von Kleinbauern in Kenia analysiert. Für die Analyse wurden Querschnittsdaten von 444 Kleinbauern in der zentralen Hochlandregion Kenias erhoben, wo der Anbau von Bananen eine wichtige Nahrungs- und Einkommensquelle darstellt. Kürzlich gegründete Produzentengruppen, initiiert und unterstützt von zwei lokalen Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NROs), TechnoServe und Africa Harvest, stellen eine institutionelle Innovation in der nationalen Lieferkette für Bananen dar. Über die Gruppen können Kleinbauern verbesserte Gewebekulturpflanzen beziehen, erhalten Informationen über gute landwirtschaftliche Praxis und Märkte, sowie höhere Preise durch kollektives Verhandeln. Jedoch ist die tatsächliche Effektivität dieser Gruppen unklar. Zudem variiert das Engagement der einzelnen Mitglieder stark, und Genderaspekte werden nur unzureichend berücksichtigt. Diese Faktoren sind wichtig für den Erfolg und die wirtschaftliche Überlebensfähigkeit der Gruppen. Der erste Beitrag dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Determinanten und Auswirkungen der kleinbäuerlichen Organisation. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Produzentengruppen prinzipiell für ärmere Bevölkerungsgruppen zugänglich sind, aber besser gestellte Bauern tendenziell eher beitreten. Desweiteren spielt der Zugang zu Krediten, Straßeninfrastruktur und Kommunikationstechnologie eine Rolle für die Mitgliedschaft, da sie die Adoption von kostenintensivem Pflanzmaterial erleichtern, was über die Gruppen technisch unterstützt wird. Mittels der Propensity Score Matching Methode wird eine Wirkungsanalyse durchgeführt und dabei ein möglicher Selektionsbias reduziert. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf positive Einkommenseffekte der Produzentengruppen hin. Der Grad des Nutzens korreliert jedoch stark mit der Art der Partizipation, da sich positive Effekte nur für solche Bauern abzeichnen, die Bananen auch tatsächlich über die Gruppe verkaufen. Eine signifikante Anzahl an Mitgliedern tut dies nicht. Die Preisvorteile der kollektiven Vermarktung sind allerdings eher gering, da Potentiale in höherwertigen Lieferketten bisher kaum erschlossen sind. Einkommenszuwächse sind daher mehrheitlich auf Spezialisierungseffekte und Ausweitung der Bananenproduktion zurückzuführen, die durch den verbesserten Zugang zu Pflanzmaterial ermöglicht wurden. Außerdem wenden Gruppenmitglieder häufiger verbesserte Anbaumethoden in der Bananenproduktion an, was darauf hindeutet dass Produzentengruppen ein wichtiger Katalysator für Innovationsadoption und effiziente Informationsflüsse sind. Es wird abschließend festgestellt, dass einige der Motivationen für kollektives Handeln im Falle von Bananen in Kenia nicht gegeben sind. Mit einer bemerkenswerten Verbesserung der kenianischen Straßeninfrastruktur in den letzten Jahren sind auch alternative Lieferketten kürzer und somit effizienter geworden. Zudem sind Kleinbauern in der Untersuchungsregion kaum monopsonistischer Marktmacht ausgesetzt, da die Händler selbst klein und zahlreich sind. In Bezug auf Preisvorteile ist kleinbäuerliches kollektives Handeln somit eher in höherwertigen Märkten und Exportsegmenten sinnvoll. Die Tatsache, dass die Vorteile kollektiven Handelns mit dem Grad der Partizipation zusammenhängen, motiviert die Fragestellung im zweiten Beitrag. Der Einsatz Einzelner innerhalb der Gruppe ein gemeinsames Ziel zu erreichen kann stark variieren, da Nutzen und Kosten der aktiven Teilnahme unterschiedlich sind und Möglichkeiten zum Trittbrettfahren existieren. Da jedoch die Vorteile kollektiven Handelns hauptsächlich durch die Erzeugung von Skalenvorteilen entstehen und Dienstleistungen oft über die kollektive Vermarktung finanziert werden, kann geringe Beteiligung der Mitglieder in Gruppenaktivitäten den Erfolg und Überlebensfähigkeit der Gruppe langfristig gefährden. Der zweite Beitrag untersucht daher den individuellen Beitrag in der Gruppe im Sinne von Partizipationsintensität und Trittbrettfahrerverhalten. Sequentielle probit Modelle und Double-Hurdle Regression werden angewendet, um die Partizipation in Gruppensitzungen und kollektiver Vermarktung zu erklären. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich die Verfügbarkeit von familiären Arbeitskräften und frühere positive Erfahrungen mit der Gruppe positiv auf die Partizipationsintensität auswirken. Desweiterin gibt es einen Mittelgrösse-Effekt, bei dem sehr kleine Bauern und sehr große Bauern weniger geneigt sind intensiv an Gruppenaktivitäten teilzunehmen. Trittbrettfahrerverhalten kann hauptsächlich strukturellen und institutionellen Bedingungen zugeschrieben werden, wie zum Beispiel der Gruppengröße und dem Zeitpunkt der Bezahlung. Stark diversifizierte Bauern tragen ebenfalls weniger zum Gruppenmarketing bei. Die Ergebnisse zeigen insgesamt auf, wie wichtig es ist, das in der Literatur gängige Verständnis von Gruppenpartizipation in Form einer einfachen binären Variable zu erweitern. Engagement in Situationen kollektiven Handelns wird nicht nur durch opportunistisches Verhalten, sondern auch von individuellen Gegebenheiten bestimmt. Beides kann dazu führen, dass das kollektive Gut nicht in der optimalen Menge produziert werden kann. Kenntnisse darüber erlauben die Entwicklung und Einführung langfristig überlebensfähigerer Formen von kollektivem Handeln. Erfahrungen bei der Datenerhebung vor Ort haben gezeigt, dass sich zunehmend Männer in die Bananenproduktion einbringen, obwohl Bananen aufgrund ihrer Bedeutung als Subsistenzeinkommensquelle traditionell eher in den Bereich der Frauen fallen. Obwohl Intensivierung und Kommerzialisierung der Landwirtschaft unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf Männer und Frauen haben können und durch marktorientiertes kollektives Handeln gefördert werden, wurden Genderaspekte in Bauerngruppen bisher kaum berücksichtigt. Der dritte Artikel untersucht daher Veränderungen im Geschlechterverhältnis, die durch die Mitgliedschaft in marktorientierten Gruppen entstehen können und die daraus resultierenden Auswirkungen auf Nahrungsmittelsicherheit und Ernährung. Deskriptive Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass sich Männer tatsächlich zunehmend an Entscheidungen über Bananenproduktion und -einnahmen beteiligen. Ergebnisse von Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass sich die Qualität der Ernährung verschlechtern kann, wenn Männer über die Einnahmen verfügen; es gibt jedoch keinen Effekt auf die Kalorienverfügbarkeit insgesamt. Schließlich wird gezeigt, dass Frauen eher ihr Recht auf Einnahmen verteidigen können, wenn die Mitgliedschaft in der Gruppe auf ihren Namen läuft. Insbesondere sehr armen Frauen wird so ermöglicht, ihren Anteil am Haushaltseinkommen zu erhöhen, was wiederum ihre Position innerhalb der Familie stärkt. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Produzentengruppen sich positiv auf die Situation der Frauen in landwirtschaftlichen Regionen auswirken können. Die drei Artikel geben einen wichtigen Einblick in die Mechanismen kollektiven Handelns, durch die spezifische Vorteile für Kleinbauern entstehen. Im Falle von Grundnahrungsmitteln entstehen ökonomische Vorteile insbesondere dadurch, dass der Zugang zu neuen Technologien und Information verbessert wird. Die Notwendigkeit für kollektive Vermarktung, wie zum Beispiel in höherwertigen Märkten und Exportsegmenten, muss jedoch nicht unbedingt gegeben sein. Einkommenseffekte im konkreten Beispiel sind eher auf Spezialisierung und Intensivierung der Produktion zurückzuführen, die jedoch letztlich wichtige Voraussetzungen für die Kommerzialisierung von Kleinbauern sind. Die gängige binäre Definition von Mitgliedschaft in Bauerngruppen kann irreführend sein, da die tatsächlichen Kosten und Vorteile von Individuum zu Individuum unterschiedlich sind und somit unterschiedliche Partizipationsintensitäten üblich sind. Kenntnisse über diese Unterschiede erlauben die Probleme kollektiven Handelns, vor allem im Hinblick auf die Trittbrettfahrerproblematik, zu reduzieren. Schließlich können Produzentengruppen dazu beitragen, die Position armer Frauen in ländlichen Regionen zu stärken. Dieses Potenzial ist jedoch bisher kaum erschlossen.

Commercialization of smallholder farms in Kosovo

Download Commercialization of smallholder farms in Kosovo PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251353867
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Commercialization of smallholder farms in Kosovo by : Herzfeld, T., Möllers, J., Bajrami, E., Davidova, S., Gjonbalaj, M., Miftari, I., Krasniqi, N., Xhabali, V.

Download or read book Commercialization of smallholder farms in Kosovo written by Herzfeld, T., Möllers, J., Bajrami, E., Davidova, S., Gjonbalaj, M., Miftari, I., Krasniqi, N., Xhabali, V. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-03-02 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smallholders play an important role in agriculture and in rural areas in the countries in South Europe and Central Asia. Furthermore, the countries are still largely dominated by smallholders. Supporting smallholders is one of four priorities for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Europe and Central Asia. As such, during 2018-2019, FAO REU conducted country studies on the needs and constraints of smallholders in eight countries of the region1. A Regional Synthesis Report was prepared based on these studies. The generic needs, constraints and challenges for smallholders were outlined, and policy recommendations were generated.

Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa

Download Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251308713
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This framework presents ten interrelated principles/elements to guide Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Africa (SAMA). Further, it presents the technical issues to be considered under SAMA and the options to be analysed at the country and sub regional levels. The ten key elements required in a framework for SAMA are as follows: The analysis in the framework calls for a specific approach, involving learning from other parts of the world where significant transformation of the agricultural mechanization sector has already occurred within a three-to-four decade time frame, and developing policies and programmes to realize Africa’s aspirations of Zero Hunger by 2025. This approach entails the identification and prioritization of relevant and interrelated elements to help countries develop strategies and practical development plans that create synergies in line with their agricultural transformation plans. Given the unique characteristics of each country and the diverse needs of Africa due to the ecological heterogeneity and the wide range of farm sizes, the framework avoids being prescriptive.

An assessment of IFPRI’S work in Ethiopia 1995–2010: Ideology, influence, and idiosyncrasy

Download An assessment of IFPRI’S work in Ethiopia 1995–2010: Ideology, influence, and idiosyncrasy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An assessment of IFPRI’S work in Ethiopia 1995–2010: Ideology, influence, and idiosyncrasy by : Mitch Renkow, and Roger Slade

Download or read book An assessment of IFPRI’S work in Ethiopia 1995–2010: Ideology, influence, and idiosyncrasy written by Mitch Renkow, and Roger Slade and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Agriculture & Food Systems To 2050: Global Trends, Challenges And Opportunities

Download Agriculture & Food Systems To 2050: Global Trends, Challenges And Opportunities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813278366
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agriculture & Food Systems To 2050: Global Trends, Challenges And Opportunities by : Rachid Serraj

Download or read book Agriculture & Food Systems To 2050: Global Trends, Challenges And Opportunities written by Rachid Serraj and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features a comprehensive foresight assessment, exploring the pressures — threats as well as opportunities — on the global agriculture & food systems between now and 2050. The overarching aim is to help readers understand the context, by analyzing global trends and anticipating change for better planning and constructing pathways from the present to the future by focusing on the right questions and problems. The book contextualizes the role of international agricultural research in addressing the complex challenges posed by UN 2030 Agenda and beyond, and identifies the decisions that scientific leaders, donors and policy makers need to take today, and in the years ahead, to ensure that a global population rising to nine billion or more combined with rising incomes and changing diets can be fed sustainably and equitably, in the face of the growing climate threats.

Design and Management of Interfirm Networks

Download Design and Management of Interfirm Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030292452
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Design and Management of Interfirm Networks by : Josef Windsperger

Download or read book Design and Management of Interfirm Networks written by Josef Windsperger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interfirm networks include franchising, retail and service chains, cooperatives, financial networks, joint ventures, strategic alliances, licensing, public-private partnerships and new network forms in the digital economy. This book gathers the latest research studies that approach these networks – and the creation of innovation under the conditions of a complex, dynamic, knowledge-intensive and digital economy – from an interdisciplinary perspective. The studies, all of which were written by respected experts, explore how firms can improve their competitiveness by securing access to innovation, knowledge, complementary resources and capabilities otherwise not available to them. In addition, they highlight how, driven by an unpredictable environment, firms embedded in inter-organizational networks are increasingly transforming from co-operators to collaborators and valuable co-creators of innovation.