Skin Diseases After Organ Transplantation

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Author :
Publisher : John Libbey Eurotext
ISBN 13 : 9782742002405
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Skin Diseases After Organ Transplantation by : Sylvie Euvrard

Download or read book Skin Diseases After Organ Transplantation written by Sylvie Euvrard and published by John Libbey Eurotext. This book was released on 1998 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ transplantation has been successfully performed over the last 35 years and the number of organ allograft recipients is steadily increasing. Long-term immunosuppression, necessary for good graft function, inevitably induces undesired effects (particularly infectious and neoplastic ones) among which cutaneous ones are very frequent and potentially life-threatening. This book deals with all aspects of cutaneous disorders that may be encountered in the setting of organ transplantation. It reflects the pioneering work performed since long by Dermatologists in Lyon, in collaboration with teams specialised in kidney, heart, lung, liver and pancreas transplantation.

Skin Disease in Organ Transplantation

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521870674
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Skin Disease in Organ Transplantation by : Clark C. Otley

Download or read book Skin Disease in Organ Transplantation written by Clark C. Otley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-21 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skin disease is a serious long-term problem for the recipients of solid organ transplants. The potent systemic immunosuppression therapy necessary to sustain a life-saving solid organ transplant is associated with many adverse cutaneous effects, including significantly increased rates of cutaneous malignancies, difficult-to-treat cutaneous infections, and cutaneous adverse manifestations of multiple medications. This book is the first scholarly compilation of the knowledge base surrounding the care of solid organ transplant recipients with dermatologic diseases. Supplemented with dozens of full-color photographs, this work brings together decades of knowledge into a cohesive format and establishes transplant dermatology as an important subspecialty within the field of dermatology and transplant medicine. Skin Disease in Organ Transplantation is an outstanding resource for transplant providers and dermatologists to determine the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the difficult problems of cutaneous disease in organ transplant recipients.

Skin Cancer after Organ Transplantation

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387785744
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Skin Cancer after Organ Transplantation by : Eggert Stockfleth

Download or read book Skin Cancer after Organ Transplantation written by Eggert Stockfleth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-05 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ transplantation has been performed for almost 40 years with steadily increasing success regarding long-time survival of the graft, as well as quality of life for the patient. However, graft tolerance only can be achieved via induction and maintenance of an impaired immunological surveillance. An increase of skin cancers as a consequence of the lowered cellular immunoresponse seems to parallel the overall increased long-time survival rate of organ transplant recipients. Against the background of chronic immunosuppression known risk factors like the amount of sun exposure prior and post transplantation, oncogenic viruses as well as the genetic background, and place of residence (latitude) are strongly related with the increased skin cancer incidence. The increasing incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, paralleling a prolonged survival of patients after organ transplantation, represents a significant reason for morbidity and long-term morbidity in organ transplant recipients worldwide. The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in liver-, kidney- and heart transplant recipients varies from 1.5 to 22 %, 2 to 24 % and 6 to 34 % after 5 years post transplant. Ultraviolet radiation as well as immunosuppressive therapy are crucial risk-factors regarding the induction and progression of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation is related to the induction of DNA damage, as well as interference with Langerhans cell antigen presentation and a Th1 – Th2 shift induced via a release of IL-10. Whereas the overall duration of immunosuppression and the cumulative dosage applied are relevant parameters in the evaluation of an increased tumor risk, individual differences between specific immunosuppressive agents remain unclear. The workup of genetic as well as other unclear phenomenon like the reverse BCC/SCC ratio might shed some further light into the genesis and immunology of the non-melanoma skin cancer in general.

Dermatology and Solid Organ Transplantation

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000415929
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Dermatology and Solid Organ Transplantation by : Nathalie C. Zeitouni

Download or read book Dermatology and Solid Organ Transplantation written by Nathalie C. Zeitouni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook brings together experts in the field of transplant dermatology to review both state of the art and practical knowledge regarding the clinical presentation and management of the various cutaneous diseases seen in patients with solid organ transplant. Practicing dermatologists, trainees, and other health care providers involved in the care of transplant patients can learn the current diagnostic and management options, and how to apply these guidelines and principles in their everyday practice.

Transplantation Dermatology

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Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805598556
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Transplantation Dermatology by : Peter Häusermann

Download or read book Transplantation Dermatology written by Peter Häusermann and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential update and comprehensive review Patients undergoing solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation frequently develop skin diseases that can be challenging to themselves and their doctors. In the first part of this volume, prevalent epidemiological, clinical and histological skin problems of solid organ recipients are discussed. Pre- and posttransplant management as well as follow-up programs are presented focusing on European and Swiss guidelines. A special chapter is dedicated to immunosuppressive drugs considering current standards, and new and upcoming medication. The second part starts with a summary of historical aspects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and proceeds with a description of skin manifestations of graft-versus-host disease and their therapy. Covered are early, late and very late periods after transplantation with a focus on recent consensus classification and treatment aspects of chronic graft-versus-host disease. The publication ends with a comprehensive review and practical guidance on photoprotection in transplant recipients. This book covers all the important dermatological aspects that should be considered in diagnosis and treatment of recipients of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants. It is intended as a guide for dermatologists, nephrologists, hemato-oncologists and all specialists involved in the field of transplantation.

Infectious Diseases in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030153940
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Infectious Diseases in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients by : Oriol Manuel

Download or read book Infectious Diseases in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients written by Oriol Manuel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a practical approach to the diagnosis, management, and prevention of infectious complications in solid-organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients, based on both up-to-date clinical evidence and state of the art expert opinion from world-renowned experts in the field. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which explains risk assessment and the general approach to infectious diseases in the pre-, peri-, and early and late post-transplant periods. The remaining two sections address the prevention and treatment of infection with particular pathogens and the management of specific syndromes, such as pneumonia, CNS infections, UTIs, and skin infections. Infections in SOT recipients – often due to multidrug-resistant organisms – represent a major challenge. Preventive strategies need to be adapted according to the type of allograft and period after transplantation. Moreover, toxicity and drug interaction with immunosuppressive drugs must be taken into consideration when treating infectious complications. In explaining in depth how best to ensure allograft and patient survival, this book will be of value to infectious disease specialists and transplant physicians at all levels of experience.

Atlas of Dermatologic Diseases in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031133358
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlas of Dermatologic Diseases in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients by : Jane Tomimori

Download or read book Atlas of Dermatologic Diseases in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients written by Jane Tomimori and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-14 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of solid organ transplant recipients is increasing worldwide every year, which has meant a significant improvement of recipient’s survival and quality of life. To prevent graft rejection, patients require long-term immunosuppression, which is responsible for their increased risk of neoplastic and infectious diseases. This practical and concise atlas presents the most important dermatoses in solid organ transplant recipients. Providing a guide to diagnosis and appropriate therapy, it helps dermatologists, general practitioners and physicians manage the dermatoses found in organ transplant recipients. The first three chapters discuss immunosuppressive regimens and the prevalence of dermatoses, while the other chapters approach the main diseases didactically, providing a large number of illustrations.

Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493990349
Total Pages : 1173 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases by : Amar Safdar

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases written by Amar Safdar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 1173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume provides a platform from which both major and minor infectious diseases related issues are addressed in-depth among this highly susceptible population. The book begins with an overview of infections in various modalities. This is followed by chapters on clinical disorders, etiologic agents, therapeutics, and infection prevention. Chapters include easy-to-follow figures and tables, radiologic images, and pictorial demonstrations of various disease states to familiarize and reacquaint the transplant clinicians and surgeons in practice and training, and those belonging to subspecialties providing supportive care for these patients. Discussions to enumerate the noninfectious causes that mimic infectious diseases; clinical relevance and effective utility of existing and emerging diagnostic tools are presented throughout the book. Authored by leaders in their fields, this book is the go-to reference for management of patients undergoing hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation.

Advances in Transplant Dermatology

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319124455
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Transplant Dermatology by : Fiona Zwald

Download or read book Advances in Transplant Dermatology written by Fiona Zwald and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an informative update on scientific advances relating to transplant dermatology that may be applicable to clinical practice. Commentary is provided on the emerging role of viruses in transplant dermatology, the management of skin disease secondary to transplant medication, sunscreen use in transplant recipients, the role of revision of immunosuppression, and advances in photodynamic therapy. The latest staging and management criteria for high-risk squamous cell carcinoma and the implications for clinical practice are then analyzed. Finally, the management of other cutaneous malignancies is discussed, covering malignant melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and rarer tumors that also behave aggressively and require special consideration in solid organ transplant patients. Each particular advance is addressed in an individual chapter by leaders in the field. The book both expands current knowledge and complements previous textbooks on the subject.

Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642759912
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients by : Dietrich Schmähl

Download or read book Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients written by Dietrich Schmähl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In about 5% of all organ (kidney, liver) transplant recipients, malignancies occur as a late complication of the massive immunosuppression. The malignancies are mainly skin cancers, lymphomas and renal carcinomas. The present book discusses the possible mechanisms of this type of tumorigenesis and inquires into possibilities of prevention. In particular, the described malignancies might be of viral origin. The book informs about a completely new type of carcinogenesis. Apart from the scientific aspects, it is of great practical value.

Primary Care of the Solid Organ Transplant Recipient

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030506290
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Primary Care of the Solid Organ Transplant Recipient by : Christopher J. Wong

Download or read book Primary Care of the Solid Organ Transplant Recipient written by Christopher J. Wong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid organ transplantation offers a new chance at life to those suffering from failing organs. With these successes, however, comes the everyday management that is required to maintain health. The field of solid organ transplantation has become a part of medicine that generalists should be familiar with, as recipients are living longer and frequently returning to primary care for management. While specialists will still need to be involved with the care of solid organ transplant recipients on a life-long basis, many conditions will still need initial and often ongoing care by generalists, including infections, metabolic conditions, psychiatric illnesses, and malignancy. This book focuses on the care of adult solid organ transplant recipients, and is targeted at the level of the primary care provider. It begins with an introduction and overviews of solid organ transplantation and anti-rejection medications. It then delves into organ-specific chapters that provide the primary care provider with an overview of how to take care of patients with the most commonly-transplanted solid organs: kidney, kidney-pancreas, liver, heart, and lung. The final section focuses on specific complications that arise from transplantation including cancer, metabolic conditions, infections, and common presenting syndromes. Preventative health is also discussed, and the book concludes with a chapter on palliative care. Primary Care of the Solid Organ Transplant Recipient is a unique text that provides the reader with organ and complication-specific sections that can be independently read as they relate to the individual physicians and their patients. Written by experts in the field, this text is a valuable resource for primary care providers, medical students, residents and anyone involved in the care of solid organ transplant recipients.

The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319500260
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses by : Michelle Kenyon

Download or read book The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses written by Michelle Kenyon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This textbook, endorsed by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), provides adult and paediatric nurses with a full and informative guide covering all aspects of transplant nursing, from basic principles to advanced concepts. It takes the reader on a journey through the history of transplant nursing, including essential and progressive elements to help nurses improve their knowledge and benefit the patient experience, as well as a comprehensive introduction to research and auditing methods. This new volume specifically intended for nurses, complements the ESH-EBMT reference title, a popular educational resource originally developed in 2003 for physicians to accompany an annual training course also serving as an educational tool in its own right. This title is designed to develop the knowledge of nurses in transplantation. It is the first book of its kind specifically targeted at nurses in this specialist field and acknowledges the valuable contribution that nursing makes in this area. This volume presents information that is essential for the education of nurses new to transplantation, while also offering a valuable resource for more experienced nurses who wish to update their knowledge.

Skin Cancer after Organ Transplantation

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780387570136
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Skin Cancer after Organ Transplantation by : Eggert Stockfleth

Download or read book Skin Cancer after Organ Transplantation written by Eggert Stockfleth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ transplantation has been performed for almost 40 years with steadily increasing success regarding long-time survival of the graft, as well as quality of life for the patient. However, graft tolerance only can be achieved via induction and maintenance of an impaired immunological surveillance. An increase of skin cancers as a consequence of the lowered cellular immunoresponse seems to parallel the overall increased long-time survival rate of organ transplant recipients. Against the background of chronic immunosuppression known risk factors like the amount of sun exposure prior and post transplantation, oncogenic viruses as well as the genetic background, and place of residence (latitude) are strongly related with the increased skin cancer incidence. The increasing incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, paralleling a prolonged survival of patients after organ transplantation, represents a significant reason for morbidity and long-term morbidity in organ transplant recipients worldwide. The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in liver-, kidney- and heart transplant recipients varies from 1.5 to 22 %, 2 to 24 % and 6 to 34 % after 5 years post transplant. Ultraviolet radiation as well as immunosuppressive therapy are crucial risk-factors regarding the induction and progression of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation is related to the induction of DNA damage, as well as interference with Langerhans cell antigen presentation and a Th1 – Th2 shift induced via a release of IL-10. Whereas the overall duration of immunosuppression and the cumulative dosage applied are relevant parameters in the evaluation of an increased tumor risk, individual differences between specific immunosuppressive agents remain unclear. The workup of genetic as well as other unclear phenomenon like the reverse BCC/SCC ratio might shed some further light into the genesis and immunology of the non-melanoma skin cancer in general.

Skin Diseases in the Immunosuppressed

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030098490
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (984 download)

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Book Synopsis Skin Diseases in the Immunosuppressed by : Oscar R. Colegio

Download or read book Skin Diseases in the Immunosuppressed written by Oscar R. Colegio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, expert dermatologists review state of the art knowledge concerning the clinical presentation and management of cutaneous diseases that develop in immunosuppressed individuals. A major aim is to enable dermatologists to identify the specific immunosuppressant responsible for a specific adverse effect in patients receiving a complex medication regimen in the setting of transplantation. Further, the book will help the dermatologist to distinguish the cutaneous adverse effects of antiviral agents from effects arising directly from advancing HIV disease. Recognition of the cutaneous manifestations of often less common primary immunodeficiencies will also be emphasized. A final goal is to improve patient outcomes by identifying treatment strategies for skin disease arising in the immunosuppressed state. This book will be invaluable for a broad audience, from practicing dermatologists to medical and dermatology residents.​

Chalk Talks in Internal Medicine

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030348148
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Chalk Talks in Internal Medicine by : Somnath Mookherjee

Download or read book Chalk Talks in Internal Medicine written by Somnath Mookherjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides teaching scripts for medical educators in internal medicine and coaches them in creating their own teaching scripts. Every year, thousands of attending internists are asked to train the next generation of physicians to master a growing body of knowledge. Formal teaching time has become increasingly limited due to rising clinical workload, medical documentation requirements, duty hour restrictions, and other time pressures. In addition, today’s physicians-in-training expect teaching sessions that deliver focused, evidence-based content that is integrated into clinical workflow. In keeping with both time pressures and trainee expectations, academic internists must be prepared to effectively and efficiently teach important diagnostic and management concepts. A teaching script is a methodical and structured plan that aids in effective teaching. The teaching scripts in this book anticipate learners’ misconceptions, highlight a limited number of teaching points, provide evidence to support the teaching points, use strategies to engage the learners, and provide a cognitive scaffold for teaching the topic that the teacher can refine over time. All divisions of internal medicine (e.g. cardiology, rheumatology, and gastroenterology) are covered and a section on undifferentiated symptom-based presentations (e.g. fatigue, fever, and unintentional weight loss) is included. This book provides well-constructed teaching scripts for commonly encountered clinical scenarios, is authored by experienced academic internists and allows the reader to either implement them directly or modify them for their own use. Each teaching script is designed to be taught in 10-15 minutes, but can be easily adjusted by the reader for longer or shorter talks. Teaching Scripts in Internal Medicine is an ideal tool for internal medicine attending physicians and trainees, as well as physician’s assistants, nurse practitioners, and all others who teach and learn internal medicine.

Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461566452
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host by : R. Rubin

Download or read book Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host written by R. Rubin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Infection in the Compromised Host" has become a classic chapter in textbooks devoted to infectious diseases and internal medicine. The numbers of compromised hosts are increasing in the era of modem medicine because of our expanded capabilities to deal with difficult diseases, especially neoplasms. As a consequence, microbiologic complications related to the intensive care administered to these patients are increasing as well. Under these circum stances, not only does the underlying illness create conditions favorable for the development of unusual infections, but often the therapy contributes to the acquisition of potential pathogens that turn into agents responsible for severe and frequently fatal disease. Granulocytopenia and immunosuppression have been the two key fac tors in predisposing patients with cancer and other serious diseases to severe bacterial infections. Colonization by hospital-acquired pathogens and breaks in the anatomic barriers-as a result of disease or medical intervention-have contributed to the high incidence of infectious diseases in these patients. Although there is some overlap between the types of infection in granulocytopenic and immunosuppressed hosts, each ofthese clinical entities has distinctive features thatjustify considering them separately, reserving the term immunocompromised hosts only when refer ring to patients who are predisposed to opportunistic infections. For about two decades, infections in granulocytopenic patients have attracted the atten tion of clinicians because they represent a model for the study of antimicrobial drugs in hosts deprived of an essential element of defense against bacterial infection, that is, an adequate number of normally functioning granulocytes.

Emerging Transplant Infections

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030258689
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (586 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Transplant Infections by : Michele I. Morris

Download or read book Emerging Transplant Infections written by Michele I. Morris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of transplant medicine has evolved significantly since the first kidney transplant was performed in 1954. Innovations in transplant immunosuppression have lowered the risk of organ rejection so that infectious complications are now the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality after solid organ transplant. Infection is also cited as the leading cause of non-relapse mortality after stem cell transplantation. As transplant centers have recognized the importance of transplant specific expertise in patient outcomes, the field of transplant infectious diseases has expanded into a recognized and highly valued subspecialty. International growth in solid organ and stem cell transplantation has outpaced access to such expertise, with some centers employing microbiology laboratory directors and transplant nephrologists as their lead infectious diseases consultants. This has been a particular challenge as the use of novel immunosuppressive regimens in new geographic and immigrant populations have fueled the emergence of new infection syndromes, with the initial presentation sometimes occurring in this most vulnerable patient population. This digital-first book is designed to meet the needs of practitioners engaged in transplant infectious disease practice who need more depth than they are able to find in UpToDate. It provides an overview of emerging infectious disease challenges with clinically relevant information regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of infections in solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients. Each chapter focuses on a clinical syndrome or pathogen with new or emerging implications for transplant patients. Given the rapidly evolving nature of emerging infections and topics in transplant infections, no resource has been published on these increasingly notorious issues; this this text is written by top, global experts who regularly update the material to ensure that readers will always have access to the most cutting edge material available. The editorial team consists of three experienced leaders in the field, all of whom have a strong record of scholarship and publication, as well as an international reputation. All three have focused their academic careers on emerging infectious diseases in transplantation, including a current and a past president of various infectious diseases and transplantation societies. The editors are also experienced reviewers and authors who have collaborated on multiple previous projects. All are committed to this project as a unique opportunity to make an important contribution to their field.