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Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Swnts As Near Infrared Fluorescent Imaging Agents In Biological Systems
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Book Synopsis Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) as Near Infrared Fluorescent Imaging Agents in Biological Systems by : Kevin David Welsher
Download or read book Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) as Near Infrared Fluorescent Imaging Agents in Biological Systems written by Kevin David Welsher and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near infrared range has long been known to be advantageous for biological imaging and sensing applications. In particular, the second near infrared window (1000 nm -- 1400 nm, NIR II) is characterized by low endogenous autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration due to reduced tissue scatter. To address the dearth of fluorophores in this window, this work focuses on utilizing the intrinsic near infrared photoluminescence of semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to take advantage of this unique spectral region. First, SWNTs are made bio-inert and applied as fluorescent probes for highly specific cellular targeting using antibodies such as Rituxan and Herceptin. These probes were then used for the first whole animal fluorescent imaging using SWNTs in vivo following tail vein injection, including the observation of high SWNT accumulation in tumors. By implementing a surfactant exchange method to improve the fluorescence yield of SWNTs solubilized by phospholipid-polyethylene glycol, high magnification intravital microscopy of tumor vessels beneath thick skin was achieved. Further improvements were made to improve the fluorescence yield of the SWNT probes by utilizing a density gradient separation method which removed poorly fluorescent short tubes and nanotube bundles. Another separation method, ion-exchange chromatography was applied to isolate single chirality SWNTs and perform multicolor NIR imaging in vitro and in vivo. Finally, these bright, biocompatible nanotube fluorophores were used to achieve video rate imaging of mice in vivo during tail vein injection for dynamic contrast enhanced imaging through principal component analysis. The emission in the NIR II region allowed crisp anatomical resolution, confirmed by mock tissue phantom studies and Monte Carlo simulation.
Book Synopsis Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes as Near Infrared Fluorescent Sensors by : Hong Jin (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes as Near Infrared Fluorescent Sensors written by Hong Jin (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (cont.) The total uptake of both SWNT and Au nanoparticles is maximal at a common radius of 25 nm when scaled using an effective capture dimension for membrane diffusion. The ability to understand and predict the cellular uptake of nanoparticles quantitatively should find utility in designing nanosystems with controlled toxicity, efficacy and functionality. The development of such single molecule detection technologies for ROS motivates their application to many other unexplored signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis, and Therapy by : Yuen Y. Hui
Download or read book Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis, and Therapy written by Yuen Y. Hui and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference on biochemistry, bioimaging, bioanalysis, and therapeutic applications of carbon nanomaterials Carbon nanomaterials have been widely applied for biomedical applications in the past few decades, because of their unique physical properties, versatile functionalization chemistry, and biological compatibility. This book provides background knowledge at the entry level into the biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials, focusing on three applications: bioimaging, bioanalysis, and therapy. Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis and Therapy begins with a general introduction to carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications, including a discussion about the pros and cons of various carbon nanomaterials for the respective therapeutic applications. It then goes on to cover fluorescence imaging; deep tissue imaging; photoacoustic imaging; pre-clinical/clinical bioimaging applications; carbon nanomaterial sensors for cancer and disease diagnosis; targeted cancer therapy; and photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Each chapter briefly introduces the biomedical application and emphasizes the most appropriate carbon nanomaterial(s) for the application. Provides an introduction to the biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials for early-career scientists, as well as background and context for mid-career scientists and researchers Contains four sections covering biochemistry, bioimaging, bioanalysis, and therapeutic applications of carbon nanomaterials Presented by experts who have strong background in the field of nanotechnology for biomedical applications Covers a hot area of research which has very unique physical properties, versatile functionalization chemistry, and biological compatibility Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis and Therapy is an excellent resource for academic researchers and industrial scientists working on preparation and bio-application of carbon nanomaterials, biomedical engineering, and nanotechnology.
Book Synopsis Developing Novel Carbon Nanomaterials for Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy by : Joshua Tucker Robinson
Download or read book Developing Novel Carbon Nanomaterials for Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy written by Joshua Tucker Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable, unambiguous cancer detection is important for successful cancer treatment. Current imaging modalities lack either the resolution or signal-to-background to reliably identify tumors below 1 mm3. Positron emission tomography (PET), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorescence imaging all attempt to image a contrast agent which is overly abundant at the site of a tumor while present at significantly lower levels in healthy, cancer-free tissue. Ideally, this contrast agent could serve, not only to identify cancer, but as a non-invasive treatment to eliminate the cancer. In this work, we present single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a potential diagnostic/therapeutic 'theranostic' agent that addresses many of the issues that face other contrast agents. SWNTs possess many unique optical properties; they have intrinsic fluorescence in the Near-Infrared (NIR) with a several hundred nanometer Stokes shift. The ability to excite SWNTs between 700-1000 nm (NIR-I) allows for superior depth penetration in vivo because of the minimal absorption of light by biological tissue and water in this region. SWNTs emit fluorescence between 1000-1400 nm (NIR-II), a region with low scattering by endogenous tissues, which enables rapid, sub 100 micron resolution whole-animal imaging. Because of the large Stokes shift, filter sets can be coordinated to eliminate virtually all auto-fluorescence. Utilizing these techniques, we present data supporting the superiority of SWNTs as in vivo fluorophors because they allow for images with a higher combined resolution and depth penetration than most other currently available modalities. In order to be useful for cancer imaging, however, an imaging contrast agent must be able to achieve high accumulation at the site of the cancer compared with non-specific uptake. By tailoring and optimizing the size and composition of the surfactant coating in this work, SWNTs achieved the highest tumor uptake of any intravenously injected nanoparticle. The high tumor accumulation of SWNTs is visually represented by crisp, well-defined images of tumors in vivo with little to no signal in other organs or skin. The speed of fluorescent imaging allowed us to take 100 ms frame-rate videos of SWNTs after intravenous injection; a mathematical technique called Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to separate the components of the SWNT fluorescence over time. Due to differential blood flow through cancerous and healthy tissue, we clearly identified tumor masses within minutes of injecting the SWNTs using PCA, as opposed to waiting for hours or days for typical contrast agents to have significant tumor accumulation. While SWNTs have sufficient light absorption in NIR-I for fluorescent imaging, the majority of the light absorbed (> 99%) undergoes non-radiative relaxation, resulting in heat generation. By irradiating mice with a relatively low power of 808 nm laser light, SWNTs heated and ablated tumors with no observable damage to healthy tissue. This approach to cancer therapy, known as photothermal therapy, has had a recent push into using nanoparticles, specifically gold nanorods/nanoparticles as photothermal agents. Our SWNTs, because of their higher light absorption and tumor accumulation, are able to use 70% lower laser power and 90% lower dose than the previous standard for photothermal therapy, which is important when considering toxicity and the safe limit for human exposure to laser light. Additional nanomaterials that share optical and pharmacokinetic properties with SWNTs are explored in this work as well. We synthesized the first examples of biocompatible graphite oxide and graphene oxide. These low cost, industrially scalable two-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials maintain SWNTs high light absorption in the Near-Infrared region. We selectively targeted graphene oxide to cancer cells followed by subsequent photothermal destruction of the cancerous cells, making this an economical alternative to SWNTs for photothermal therapy. Near-Infrared Quantum Dots, composed of a silver sulfide core surrounded with a branched Poly(ethylene glycol) coating, are optically similar to SWNTs, with large Stokes shift, NIR-I excitation, and NIR-II fluorescence emission. These quantum dots were shown to have ultra-high tumor accumulation and minimal accumulation in other organs. Preliminary excretion and retention studies in this work indicated that, most likely because of their smaller hydrodynamic radius, these quantum dots are more easily able to 'escape' the liver and spleen and be excreted quicker than SWNTs. The final thrust of this work lies in separating bulk SWNTs into their single-chiralities. This holds enormous potential for lowering the dose of SWNTs necessary for biomedical treatment; by removing the SWNTs that do not contribute to the optical absorption/fluorescence for NIR imaging (> 90%) the dose for imaging and photothermal therapy can be further lowered by an order of magnitude, minimizing toxicity concerns.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications by : Rüdiger Klingeler
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications written by Rüdiger Klingeler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the potential of multi-functional carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications. It combines contributions from chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and medicine. The complete overview of the state-of-the-art addresses different synthesis and biofunctionalisation routes and shows the structural and magnetic properties of nanotubes relevant to biomedical applications. Particular emphasis is put on the interaction of carbon nanotubes with biological environments, i.e. toxicity, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, intracellular distribution, interaction with the immune system and environmental impact. The insertion of NMR-active substances allows diagnostic usage as markers and sensors, e.g. for imaging and contactless local temperature sensing. The potential of nanotubes for therapeutic applications is highlighted by studies on chemotherapeutic drug filling and release, targeting and magnetic hyperthermia studies for anti-cancer treatment at the cellular level.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopy of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by : Oliver Kiowski
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes written by Oliver Kiowski and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor was built and used to grow vertically and horizontally aligned carbon nanotube arrays. The as-grown nanotubes were investigated on a single tube level using near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and PL excitation spectroscopy as well as Raman, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. The PL of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in different surroundings and at temperatures down to 4 K was analyzed. Ultralong CVD-grown nanotubes were imaged on Si/SiO2 to determine their chirality and to check structural integrity along the nanotube length. Furthermore, ultralong SWNTs were manipulated (moved, bent and fractured) employing an AFM. Finally, a new approach to determine relative abundances and PL quantum yields of semiconducting SWNTs in dispersions is presented, which is based on statistical counting of individual nanotubes by means of PL spectroscopy.
Book Synopsis SiRNA Delivery Methods by : Kato Shum
Download or read book SiRNA Delivery Methods written by Kato Shum and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a collection of cutting-edge strategies in siRNA delivery that were developed and refined over the years with tried-and-true methods. Written by a team of internationally renowned authors, this book describes, in detail, a variety of successful siRNA delivery methods, including peptide-based nanoparticles, liposomes, exosomes, polymers, aptamers, and viral vehicles. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, each proven protocol includes brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and authoritative, SiRNA Delivery Methods: Methods and Protocols, will provide researchers, educators, clinicians, and biotechnology specialists with a broad understanding of the issues in siRNA delivery and how they can be overcome strategically.
Book Synopsis Carbon Composites by : Eduardo A. Castro
Download or read book Carbon Composites written by Eduardo A. Castro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume demonstrates the unique place in nanotechnology and nanoscience that carbon nanomaterials occupy owing to their exceptional chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Carbon nanomaterials have diverse applications in super strong composite materials, smart sensors, energy storage and conversion, super-capacitors, and more. Focusing on materials rather than mechanics, this volume discusses the key roles of materials science and engineering in the development of composite materials. The result of research by many highly qualified experts in the field of experimental and theoretical research on graphene and its derivatives, the volume describes experimental methods for obtaining and characterizing samples of chemically modified graphene. It reviews the potential application areas and modifications of graphene-based composite materials and interprets the interesting physical effects discovered for the first time for graphene materials under consideration. This book covers the innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in carbon materials research area including: Synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of carbon nanotubes and graphene Surface modification of graphene Carbon-based nanostructured materials The use of carbon nanomaterials for energy applications Development of carbon nanotubes reinforced metal matrix composites and non-metallic composites and their myriad potential end-use applications Key challenges to the successful and widespread implementation of carbon nanotubes reinforced metal matrix composites and non-metallic composites Methods for quantification and improved control of carbon nanotubes distributions Recent research and design trends for carbon nanomaterials-based sensors for a variety of applications Advances and potential applications in environmental monitoring and healthcare The book will be useful for postgraduate students and researchers as well as for experts in industrial sectors. It will also appeal to those involved in materials science and nanotechnology.
Book Synopsis Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging by : Xiaoyuan Chen
Download or read book Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging written by Xiaoyuan Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-20 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cutting-edge guide on advancing the science of molecular imaging using nanoparticles Nanoplathform-Based Molecular Imaging provides rationale for using nanoparticle-based probes for molecular imaging, then discusses general strategies for this underutilized, yet promising, technology. It addresses general strategies of particle synthesis and surface chemistry, applications in computed tomography optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, multimodality imaging, theranostics, and finally, the clinical perspectives of nanoimaging. This comprehensive volume summarizes the opinions of those in the forefront of research and describes the latest developments by emphasizing fundamentals and initiating hands-on application.
Book Synopsis Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications by : Jeenat Aslam
Download or read book Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications written by Jeenat Aslam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS The book highlights established research and technology on current and emerging trends and biomedical applications of functionalized carbon nanotubes by providing academic researchers and scientists in industry, as well as high-tech start-ups, with knowledge of the modern practices that will revolutionize using functionalized carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology suggests fascinating opportunities for a variety of applications in biomedical fields, including bioimaging and targeted delivery of biomacromolecules into cells. Numerous strategies have been recommended to functionalize carbon nanotubes with raised solubility for efficient use in biomedical applications. Functionalized carbon nanotubes have unique arrangements and extravagant mechanical, thermal, magnetic, optical, electrical, surface, and chemical properties, and the combination of these features gives them widespread biomedical applications. Functionalized carbon nanotubes are relatively flexible and interact with the cell membranes and penetrate different biological tissues owing to a “snaking” effect, therefore both the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of functionalized carbon nanotubes have gathered much attention in recent times. This book covers a broad range of topics relating to carbon nanotubes, from synthesis and functionalization to applications in advanced biomedical devices and systems. As they possess unique and attractive physical, chemical, optical, and even magnetic properties for various applications, considerable effort has been made to employ functionalized carbon nanotubes as new materials for the development of novel biomedical tools, such as diagnostic sensors, imaging agents, and drug/gene delivery systems for both diagnostics and clinical treatment. Audience The book is intended for a very broad audience of researchers and scientists working in the fields of nanomaterials, nanomedicine, bioinspired nanomaterials, nanotechnology, and biomedical application of nanomaterials.
Book Synopsis Interaction of Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Photosynthetic Microbes by : Alessandra Antonucci
Download or read book Interaction of Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Photosynthetic Microbes written by Alessandra Antonucci and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: carbon nanotubes ; SWCNTs ; cyanobacteria ; Synechocystis ; Nostoc ; near-infrared fluorescence ; nanoparticle uptake ; bioelectricity ; confocal microscopy.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : Michael J. O’Connell
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Michael J. O’Connell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their discovery more than a decade ago, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have held scientists and engineers in captive fascination, seated on the verge of enormous breakthroughs in areas such as medicine, electronics, and materials science, to name but a few. Taking a broad look at CNTs and the tools used to study them, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications comprises the efforts of leading nanotube researchers led by Michael O’Connell, protégé of the late father of nanotechnology, Richard Smalley. Each chapter is a self-contained treatise on various aspects of CNT synthesis, characterization, modification, and applications. The book opens with a general introduction to the basic characteristics and the history of CNTs, followed by discussions on synthesis methods and the growth of “peapod” structures. Coverage then moves to electronic properties and band structures of single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), magnetic properties, Raman spectroscopy of electronic and chemical behavior, and electromechanical properties and applications in NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems). Turning to applications, the final sections of the book explore mechanical properties of SWNTs spun into fibers, sidewall functionalization in composites, and using SWNTs as tips for scanning probe microscopes. Taking a fresh look at this burgeoning field, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications points the way toward making CNTs commercially viable.
Book Synopsis Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by : Yan Li
Download or read book Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes written by Yan Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene by : Kazuyoshi Tanaka
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene written by Kazuyoshi Tanaka and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene is a timely second edition of the original Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes. Updated to include expanded coverage of the preparation, purification, structural characterization, and common application areas of single- and multi-walled CNT structures, this work compares, contrasts, and, where appropriate, unitizes CNT to graphene. This much expanded second edition reference supports knowledge discovery, production of impactful carbon research, encourages transition between research fields, and aids the formation of emergent applications. New chapters encompass recent developments in the theoretical treatments of electronic and vibrational structures, and magnetic, optical, and electrical solid-state properties, providing a vital base to research. Current and potential applications of both materials, including the prospect for large-scale synthesis of graphene, biological structures, and flexible electronics, are also critically discussed. Updated discussion of properties, structure, and morphology of biological and flexible electronic applications aids fundamental knowledge discovery Innovative parallel focus on nanotubes and graphene enables you to learn from the successes and failures of, respectively, mature and emergent partner research disciplines High-quality figures and tables on physical and mathematical applications expertly summarize key information – essential if you need quick, critically relevant data
Book Synopsis Novel Biological Sensing Applications of Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes by : Sarunya Bangsaruntip
Download or read book Novel Biological Sensing Applications of Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes written by Sarunya Bangsaruntip and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes by : G Dresselhaus
Download or read book Physical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes written by G Dresselhaus and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-07-22 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an introductory textbook for graduate students and researchers from various fields of science who wish to learn about carbon nanotubes. The field is still at an early stage, and progress continues at a rapid rate. This book focuses on the basic principles behind the physical properties and gives the background necessary to understand the recent developments. Some useful computational source codes which generate coordinates for carbon nanotubes are also included in the appendix.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nanophysics by : Klaus D. Sattler
Download or read book Handbook of Nanophysics written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tools of nanodiagnostics, nanotherapy, and nanorobotics are expected to revolutionize the future of medicine, leading to presymptomatic diagnosis of disease, highly effective targeted treatment therapy, and minimum side effects. Handbook of Nanophysics: Nanomedicine and Nanorobotics presents an up-to-date overview of the application of nan
