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Simultaneous Nitrification And Denitrification Of Wastewater Using A Silicone Membrane Aerated Bioreactor
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Book Synopsis Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Wastewater Using a Silicone Membrane Aerated Bioreactor by : Kirk Hjelte Waltz
Download or read book Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Wastewater Using a Silicone Membrane Aerated Bioreactor written by Kirk Hjelte Waltz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use of a single reactor to biologically treat wastewater by simultaneously oxidizing ammonia, and reducing nitrate and nitrite. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) places strict discharge restrictions on these compounds due to their inherent toxicity to humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. The use of a simultaneous system can assist the conventional wastewater treatment technology that requires separate systems, by creating a system that needs less time and smaller size to reach effluent requirements. To conduct this research, a bench-scale membrane aerated biofilm reactor was built using silicone tubing for aeration. Batch and continuous-flow experiments were conducted to investigate the reactor's capability to oxidize ammonia using a defined growth media and monitor nitrate production and reduction. Also, wastewater from a local reclamation facility was used to determine the reactor's ability to nitrify ammonia and denitrify nitrate concentrations within wastewater. The wastewater was taken from different locations within the reclamation facility, and combinations of primary and nitrified effluent were used to monitor ammonia and nitrate concentration changes. The batch experiments showed the greatest changes, and one batch experiment showed a 79% decrease in ammonium concentrations, and followed a first-order kinetics rate constant of -0.0284 hrs-1. The continuous-flow experiments showed much greater fluctuations in results, but one of the experiments showed an ammonia oxidation efficiency of 86%. The wastewater experiments had even greater fluctuations, and the effluent concentrations of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite showed no changes when compared to the influent.
Book Synopsis Denitrification in a Silicone-membrane Bioreactor Designed for Simultaneous Nitrification/denitrification by : Matthew J.. Copeland
Download or read book Denitrification in a Silicone-membrane Bioreactor Designed for Simultaneous Nitrification/denitrification written by Matthew J.. Copeland and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Denitrification was investigated in three types of bioreactors: an aerobic bioreactor with air sparged into the reactor, and anoxic bioreactor with no air input and a membrane bioreactor with silicone tubes installed inside the reactor to allow oxygen to permeate through.
Book Synopsis Parameter Optimization for Start-up of a Simultaneous Nitrification/denitrification Membrane Aerated Bioreactor by : Caitlin Elizabeth Meyer
Download or read book Parameter Optimization for Start-up of a Simultaneous Nitrification/denitrification Membrane Aerated Bioreactor written by Caitlin Elizabeth Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is among the critical limited resources required to sustain human life in space. NASA has targeted 98% water recovery from wastewater in its efforts to transition from low earth orbit to long-duration exploration missions. A potential technology for this purpose is a membrane aerated bioreactor. This research investigated three independent parameters hypothesized to decrease the start-up time of a simultaneous nitrifying/denitrifying reactor, ultimately intended to oxidize organic carbon and convert ammonium to nitrogen gas. Using 12 small, ambient pressure membrane aerated bioreactors (MABR), we investigated the effects of three different parameters against a urine-fed control. The parameters included wastewater, addition of a quorum sensing molecule, and elevated temperature. The fastest start-up time was produced using the wastewater. These parameters decreased the startup time of the bioreactor until full-strength wastewater was reached, demonstrating a quicker and more reliable method to initiate biological wastewater processing for long duration spaceflight.
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Validation of Passive Aeration Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (PASND) in a Biofilm Reactor for Low-energy Wastewater Treatment by : Md Iqbal Hossain
Download or read book Evaluation and Validation of Passive Aeration Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (PASND) in a Biofilm Reactor for Low-energy Wastewater Treatment written by Md Iqbal Hossain and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Wastewater Treatment Process by : Klangduen Pochana
Download or read book Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Wastewater Treatment Process written by Klangduen Pochana and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Biological Treatment Processes by : Lawrence K. Wang
Download or read book Advanced Biological Treatment Processes written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 30 years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide that positive actions be taken to restore and protect the environment from the degrading effects of all forms of pollution—air, water, soil, and noise. Because pollution is a direct or indirect consequence of waste, the seemingly idealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero waste. However, as long as waste continues to exist, we can only attempt to abate the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been identi?ed: (1) How serious is the pollution? (2) Is the technology to abate it available? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify the degree of abatement achieved? This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is to help readers formulate answers to the last two questions above. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to speci?c pollution problems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental en- neering, and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, the realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken.
Book Synopsis Experimental Studies Of Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification And Phosphorus Removal At Falkenburg Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant by : Ann Elizabeth Sager
Download or read book Experimental Studies Of Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification And Phosphorus Removal At Falkenburg Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant written by Ann Elizabeth Sager and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discharge of point- and non-point source pollutants into surface waters resulting from industrial and/or municipal activities is a major focus of environmental regulation in the United States. As a result, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program was established in 1972 in an effort to regulate discharges from industrial or municipal sources, including wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). To further protect Florida water quality, in 1978, State legislation enacted the Grizzle-Figg Act for Tampa Bay, which requires advanced wastewater treatment for any discharge into sensitive water bodies. A common use of wastewater effluent in the Tampa Bay area is for reclaimed water for irrigation. This leads to an estimated 90% reduction of total nitrogen (TN) load to the bay in comparison to direct discharge (TBEP, 2016). One type of wastewater treatment process that has been shown to have low aeration and chemical requirements is simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND), which can be carried out in an oxidation ditch. SND is a biological process for nitrogen removal where nitrification and denitrification occur at the same time within the same reactor. An oxidation ditch is a race-track type reactor that promotes the occurrence biological conversion of reactive nitrogen to nitrogen gas (N2) and additionally can provide enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Many theories exist as to the mechanisms that allow SND to occur, but the literature is inconclusive as to whether the presence of different zones within the floc, within the reactor itself, a combination of the two or unique microorganisms are responsible for SND. Advantages of SND include efficient (80-96%) nitrogen removal, with significant reductions in energy, chemical, equipment and spatial requirements.
Book Synopsis Simultaneous Removal of Ammonia and Phosphorus from Wastewater in a Continuous Flow Vertical Bioreactor by : Maryam Reza
Download or read book Simultaneous Removal of Ammonia and Phosphorus from Wastewater in a Continuous Flow Vertical Bioreactor written by Maryam Reza and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this PhD thesis was to study, develop and analyze an effective bioreactor and biological process to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from wastewater with minimum requirements for energy and footprint. A novel biological nutrient removal process was developed in a vertically configured pilot-scale bioreactor. The bioreactor set-up and its biological process were undertaken in the Water Technologies Laboratory at Ryerson University from November 2012 to December 2013. The bioreactor consisted of three consecutive vertical stages including Anoxic 1, Anoxic 2 and Aerobic stages. The reactor was aligned with an Anaerobic Lateral Unit (ALU) which provided a strict anaerobic condition to cultivate and promote the growth of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). The unique features of the bioreactor are the foundations for development of a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification-biological phosphorus removal process (SNDP). This thesis reveals that SNDP is the main pathway for the removal of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphorus. The SNDP process shows high level of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal with over 95% phosphorous and nitrogen removal efficiencies during one (1) year of laboratory operations. The co-existence of microorganisms in the SNDP process was highly influenced by the actions of all three redox conditions, 1) anaerobic, 2) anoxic, and 3) aerobic zones. The redox variations were influenced by the bioreactor configuration, HRTs, SRTs and nutrient concentrations. The biomass samples from the bioreactor were studied rigorously using advanced molecular biology techniques such as genomic sequencing. Microbial structure, diversity and interactions in the SNDP were studied in details. The results obtained in this work proved the presence of a new genus of microorganism known as Saprospiracae which occupied more than 67% of the biomass in the Anoxic stages and 48% of the biomass in the Aerobic stage of the bioreactor. The second largest group belonged to the genus of Zoogloea with over 11% and 36% in the Anoxic and Aerobic stages respectively. The vertical continuous flow bioreactor developed and operated in this research created a unique habitat for the growth of these microorganisms. To optimize the SNDP process, a series of experiments were performed on the bioreactor by varying three important parameters including: 1) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration in the Aerobic stage ranging from 0-0.5 to 5.5-6 mg/L; 2) COD concentration in the Anaerobic stage ranging from 1000 to 1400 mg/L and, 3) NH3-N concentration in the inlet ranging from 49 to 120 mg/L. The experimental results showed that DO in the range of 2.5-3 mg/L were the optimum concentration for the SNDP process. The COD concentrations fed to the ALU could be lowered to 1000mg/L at SRT of approximately 50 days. Moreover, the intracellular PHAs in the biomass was found to be a great asset for the SNDP process as COD addition to the ALU could be lowered from 1400 mg/L to 1000 mg/L without having any negative impact on the process. The inlet NH3-N concentration of 49 mg/L was found to be the optimum level for the SNDP process. Biological phosphorus uptake was negatively affected when NH3-N concentration in the inlet was increased from 49 mg/L to 120 mg/L. The negative effects of high NH3-N were likely caused by increase in NO2- concentration and accumulation in the bioreactor which inhibited the activities of the PAOs. Both the SNDP process developed in this research and the vertical continuous flow bioreactor are innovations in the area of water/wastewater treatment. Indeed, the microbial distributions in anoxic and aerobic environment have not been found in any laboratory scale nor large scale BNR plant to date.
Download or read book The MBR Book written by Simon Judd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MBR Book
Book Synopsis Catalytic Reactors by : Basudeb Saha
Download or read book Catalytic Reactors written by Basudeb Saha and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic Reactors presents several key aspects of reactor design in Chemical and Process Engineering. Starting with the fundamental science across a broad interdisciplinary field, this graduate level textbook offers a concise overview on reactor and process design for students, scientists and practitioners new to the field. This book aims to collate into a comprehensive and well-informed work of leading researchers from north America, western Europe and south-east Asia. The editor and international experts discuss state-of-the-art applications of multifunctional reactors, biocatalytic membrane reactors, micro-flow reactors, industrial catalytic reactors, micro trickle bed reactors and multiphase catalytic reactors. The use of catalytic reactor technology is essential for the economic viability of the chemical manufacturing industry. The importance of Chemical and Process Engineering and efficient design of reactors are another focus of the book. Especially the combination of advantages from both catalysis and chemical reaction technology for optimization and intensification as essential factors in the future development of reactors and processes are discussed. Furthermore, options that can drastically influence reaction processes, e.g. choice of catalysts, alternative reaction pathways, mass and heat transfer effects, flow regimes and inherent design of catalytic reactors are reviewed in detail. Focuses on the state-of-the-art applications of catalytic reactors and optimization in the design and operation of industrial catalytic reactors Insights into transfer of knowledge from laboratory science to industry For students and researchers in Chemical and Mechanical Engineering, Chemistry, Industrial Catalysis and practising Engineers
Book Synopsis Low-Energy Nitrification of Wastewaters Using Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactors by : Craig Duvall
Download or read book Low-Energy Nitrification of Wastewaters Using Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactors written by Craig Duvall and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The membrane aerated biofilm reactor is a new energy-efficient technology that utilizes bubbles-less aeration to supply oxygen for biological nitrification and degradation of wastewater. GE Water & Process Technologies recently released a new oxygen-permeable hollow-fiber membrane specifically designed for use in membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs). These fibers are organized into bundles which are wrapped around a reinforcing yarn core for strength. The design, marketed by GE as the ZeelungTM cord, not only provides a vast surface area for oxygen transfer, but includes the strength and durability needed for industrial uses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of MABRs using ZeeLungTM cords. Synthetic influents with a range of COD/N ratios from 1.3 to 4.6 were prepared and tested at multiple loading rates to determine the impact on nitrification, oxygen transfer, and biofilm composition. Experimental results demonstrated nitrification and oxygen transfer abilities of up to 6.5 g/m2/d and 20.0 g/m2/d, respectively for the experimental test conditions. Results also showed that increasing the COD/N ratio up to 4.6 by increasing the glucose concentration in the feed resulted in substantial heterotrophic growth, which inhibited nitrification but increased denitrification of any nitrified effluent.
Book Synopsis Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment by : Thomas Stephenson
Download or read book Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment written by Thomas Stephenson and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the subject of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, dealing with municipal as well as industrial wastewaters. The book details the 3 types of MBR available and discusses the science behind the technology, their design features, operation, applications, advantages, limitations, performance, current research activities and cost. As the demand for wastewater treatment, recycling and re-use technologies increases, it is envisaged that the membrane separation bioreactor will corner the market. Contents Membrane Fundamentals Biological Fundamentals Biomass Separation Membrane Bioreactors Membrane Aeration and Extractive Bioreactors Commercial Membrane Bioreactor Systems Membrane Bioreactor Applications Case Studies
Book Synopsis Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment by : Stefan Wuertz
Download or read book Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment written by Stefan Wuertz and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme of the book is the flow of information from experimental approaches in biofilm research to simulation and modeling of complex wastewater systems. Probably the greatest challenge in wastewater research lies in using the methods and the results obtained in one scientific discipline to design intelligent experiments in other disciplines, and eventually to improve the knowledge base the practitioner needs to run wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment is to provide engineers with the knowledge needed to apply the new insights gained by researchers. The authors provide an authoritative insight into the function of biofilms on a technical and on a lab-scale, cover some of the exciting new basic microbiological and wastewater engineering research involving molecular biology techniques and microscopy, and discuss recent attempts to predict the development of biofilms. This book is divided into 3 sections: Modeling and Simulation; Architecture, Population Structure and Function; and From Fundamentals to Practical Application, which all start with a scientific question. Individual chapters attempt to answer the question and present different angles of looking at problems. In addition there is an extensive glossary to familiarize the non-expert with unfamiliar terminology used by microbiologists and computational scientists. The colour plate section of this book can be downloaded by clicking here. (PDF Format 1 MB)
Book Synopsis Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment by : Juan M. Lema
Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling of Biofilms by : IWA Task Group on Biofilm Modeling
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Biofilms written by IWA Task Group on Biofilm Modeling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-04-30 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 90% of bacterial biomass exists in the form of biofilms. The ability of bacteria to attach to surfaces and to form biofilms often is an important competitive advantage for them over bacteria growing in suspension. Some biofilms are "good" in natural and engineered systems; they are responsible for nutrient cycling in nature and are used to purify waters in engineering processes. Other biofilms are "bad" when they cause fouling and infections of humans and plants. Whether we want to promote good biofilms or eliminate bad biofilms, we need to understand how they work and what works to control them. Mathematical Modeling of Biofilms provides guidelines for the selection and use of mathematical models of biofilms. The whole range of existing models - from simple analytical expressions to complex numerical models - is covered. The application of the models for the solution of typical problems is demonstrated, and the performance of the models is tested in comparative studies. With the dramatic evolution of the computational capacity still going on, modeling tools for research and practice will become more and more significant in the next few years. This report provides the foundation to understand the models and to select the most appropriate one for a given use. Mathematical Modeling of Biofilms gives a state-of-the-art overview that is especially valuable for educating students, new biofilm researchers, and design engineers. Through a series of three benchmark problems, the report demonstrates how to use the different models and indicates when simple or highly complex models are most appropriate. This is the first report to give a quantitative comparison of existing biofilm models. The report supports model-based design of biofilm reactors. The report can be used as basis for teaching biofilm-system modeling. The report provides the foundation for researchers seeking to use biofilm modeling or to develop new biofilm models. Scientific and Technical Report No.18
Book Synopsis Membrane Biological Reactors by : Faisal I. Hai
Download or read book Membrane Biological Reactors written by Faisal I. Hai and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the MBR market has experienced unprecedented growth. The best practice in the field is constantly changing and unique quality requirements and management issues are regularly emerging. Membrane Biological Reactors: Theory, Modeling, Design, Management and Applications to Wastewater Reuse comprehensively covers the salient features and emerging issues associated with the MBR technology. The book provides thorough coverage starting from biological aspects and fundamentals of membranes, via modeling and design concepts, to practitioners’ perspective and good application examples. Membrane Biological Reactors focuses on all the relevant emerging issues raised by including the latest research from renowned experts in the field. It is a valuable reference to the academic and professional community and suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Editors: Faisal I. Hai, University of Wollongong, Australia Kazuo Yamamoto, University of Tokyo, Japan Chung-Hak Lee, Seoul National University, Korea.
Book Synopsis Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers by :
Download or read book Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
