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Author : Bin Xiong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Simulation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Crystal Growth written by Bin Xiong and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chung-Wen Lan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Heat Transfer, Fluid Flow and Interface Shapes in Floating-zone Crystal Growth written by Chung-Wen Lan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. T. J. Hurle
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483213781
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book The Role of Convection and Fluid Flow in Solidification and Crystal Growth written by D. T. J. Hurle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physicochemical Hydrodynamics: The Role of Convection and Fluid Flow in Solidification and Crystal Growth focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and approaches involved in solidification and crystal growth brought about by convection and fluid flow. The selection first offers information on the techniques of crystal growth, convection in Czochralski growth melts, and Marangoni effects in crystal growth melts. Discussions focus on crystal growth under reduced gravity, Marangoni effects in growth from a crucible, thermocapillary convection in floating zones, near-field flow, Czochralski bulk flow, and melt, solution, and vapor growth. The text then examines the effect of convective flow on morphological stability and time-dependent natural convection in crystal growth systems. The manuscript elaborates on the effects of fluid flow on the solidification of industrial castings and ingots and application of holographic interferometry to hydrodynamic phenomena in crystal growth. Topics include effects of fluid flow on crystal structure, importance of macrosegregation defects in castings, value of convection in crystal growth, and occurrence of thermal oscillations in fluids. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the role of convection and fluid flow in solidification and crystal growth.
Author : Janusz S. Szmyd
Publisher : Computational Mechanics
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Modelling of Transport Phenomena in Crystal Growth written by Janusz S. Szmyd and published by Computational Mechanics. This book was released on 2000 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large crystals of semiconducting and superconducting materials used for electronic and optical devices are usually grown from the melt by Czochralski or Bridgman method and their quality is significantly affected by the melt flow and related heat and mass transfer. Recent intensive research activities in this area covering crystal growth in microgravity, crystal growth of superconducting materials, crystal growth in high pressure, the commercial development of pullers that can produce crystals with large diameters etc. have substantially raised the expectation for numerous new practical applications.
Author : Georg Müller
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642732089
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Crystal Growth from the Melt written by Georg Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 The content ofthis article is based on a German book version ) which appeared at the end of the year 1986. The author tried to incorporate - as far as possible - new important results published in the last year. But the literature in the field of "convection and inhomogeneities in crystal growth from the melt" has increased so much in the meantime that the reader and the collegues should make allowance for any incompleteness, also in the case that their important contributions have not been cited. This could for example hold for problems related to the Czochralski growth. But especially for this topic the reader may be refered to the forthcoming volume of this series, which contains special contributions on "Surface Tension Driven Flow in Crystal Growth Melts" by D. Schwabe and on "Convection in Czochralski Melts" by M. Mihelcic, W. Uelhoff, H. Wenzl and K. Wingerath. The preparation of this manuscript has been supported by several women whose help is gratefully acknowledged by the autor: Mrs. Gisela Neuner for the type writing, Mrs. Abigail Sanders, Mrs. Fiona Eels and especially Prof. Nancy Haegel for their help in questions of the English language and Mrs. Christa Weber for reading corrections. Also the good cooperation with the Springer Verlag, especially Mrs. Bohlen and with the managing editor of Crystals, Prof. H. C. Freyhardt, who critically read the manuscript, is acknowledged.
Author : Peter Rudolph
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444633065
Total Pages : 1420 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Peter Rudolph and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 1420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol 2A: Basic TechnologiesHandbook of Crystal Growth, Second Edition Volume IIA (Basic Technologies) presents basic growth technologies and modern crystal cutting methods. Particularly, the methodical fundamentals and development of technology in the field of bulk crystallization on both industrial and research scales are explored. After an introductory chapter on the formation of minerals, ruling historically the basic crystal formation parameters, advanced basic technologies from melt, solution, and vapour being applied for research and production of the today most important materials, like silicon, semiconductor compounds and oxides are presented in detail. The interdisciplinary and general importance of crystal growth for human live are illustrated.Vol 2B: Growth Mechanisms and DynamicsHandbook of Crystal Growth, Second Edition Volume IIB (Growth Mechanisms and Dynamics) deals with characteristic mechanisms and dynamics accompanying each bulk crystal growth method discussed in Volume IIA. Before the atoms or molecules pass over from a position in the fluid medium (gas, melt or solution) to their place in the crystalline face they must be transported in the fluid over macroscopic distances by diffusion, buoyancy-driven convection, surface-tension-driven convection, and forced convection (rotation, acceleration, vibration, magnetic mixing). Further, the heat of fusion and the part carried by the species on their way to the crystal by conductive and convective transport must be dissipated in the solid phase by well-organized thermal conduction and radiation to maintain a stable propagating interface. Additionally, segregation and capillary phenomena play a decisional role for chemical composition and crystal shaping, respectively. Today, the increase of high-quality crystal yield, its size enlargement and reproducibility are imperative conditions to match the strong economy. Volume 2A Presents the status and future of Czochralski and float zone growth of dislocation-free silicon Examines directional solidification of silicon ingots for photovoltaics, vertical gradient freeze of GaAs, CdTe for HF electronics and IR imaging as well as antiferromagnetic compounds and super alloys for turbine blades Focuses on growth of dielectric and conducting oxide crystals for lasers and non-linear optics Topics on hydrothermal, flux and vapour phase growth of III-nitrides, silicon carbide and diamond are explored Volume 2B Explores capillarity control of the crystal shape at the growth from the melt Highlights modeling of heat and mass transport dynamics Discusses control of convective melt processes by magnetic fields and vibration measures Includes imperative information on the segregation phenomenon and validation of compositional homogeneity Examines crystal defect generation mechanisms and their controllability Illustrates proper automation modes for ensuring constant crystal growth process Exhibits fundamentals of solution growth, gel growth of protein crystals, growth of superconductor materials and mass crystallization for food and pharmaceutical industries
Author : Donald T.J. Hurle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642782086
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Crystal Pulling from the Melt written by Donald T.J. Hurle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal pulling is an industrial process and provides the bulk of semiconductor crystals for the semiconductor industry. Initially a purely empirical process, the increase in importance and size of the industry has led to basic research into the fundamentals of the process - particularly the modelling of heat and mass transfer. The book has been written by the recognized authority on Czochralski crystal-growth techniques. It is an attempt to strengthen the interface between the practical crystal grower and the applied mathematician involved in analytical and computer modelling. Its focus is on the physics, chemistry and metallurgy of the process. From reviews: "... There is a need for a modern, non-trivial text on Czochralski growth ... and Dr. Hurle is eminently suited to write such a text."; "Dr. Hurle is probably uniquely qualified to write a book on ... (the Czochralski) growth process. ... He has published a great deal of very substantial as well as innovative work in this area."
Author : Stefan Ilie Moldovan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (884 download)
Download or read book Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer in an Ammonothermal Crystal Growth Reactor written by Stefan Ilie Moldovan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their physical properties, gallium nitride crystals are in high demand in applications including light emitting diodes, high power and high frequency devices. One way of growing the crystals is the ammonothermal growth process. The process consists of chemical reactions occurring in reactors under high temperature and high pressure conditions. A basket of gallium nitride nutrient is inserted inside the reactor filled with ammonia and a mineralizer, whereupon gallium nitride is dissolved and transported by natural convection and then deposited onto the seeds. Because the etching and deposition reactions require temperatures in the range of 600 to 1,000 K (620 to 1,340 °F) and pressures in the range of 1,000 to 6,000 bar (14,504 to 87,022 psi), it is impossible to visualize the flow or measure its parameters. This dissertation presents a way to look inside an ammonothermal crystal growth reactor by simulating the process using CFD software. An equivalent reactor and crystal growth environment are created to provide experimental validation. The equivalent reactor respects geometric and dynamic similitude with respect to the actual ammonothermal crystal growth reactor. Experimental temperatures and velocities are recorded and compared with numerical results. Three turbulence models and the laminar model were tested. The laminar and the standard k-[omega] models performed better compared with experimental results. By simulating an equivalent reactor that allows visualization and measurements, the CFD model was validated. With the validated model, simulations of the actual growth process including mass transfer were performed. The wall temperature profile, the geometry of the nutrient basket, and the baffle were used as parameters to investigate their influence on the deposition rates. The temperatures on the outer walls of the reactor have a great influence on the deposition rate and can lead to etching of the seeds instead of crystal growing. The presence of a baffle inside the reactor also has a great influence on the deposition rates, and the need to find an optimal configurations became obvious. The geometry and the nature of the nutrient basket proved to be a great parameter to improve the deposition rates.
Author : George V. Karas
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781594545405
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (454 download)
Download or read book Focus on Crystal Growth Research written by George V. Karas and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.
Author : Govindhan Dhanaraj
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540747613
Total Pages : 1823 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Govindhan Dhanaraj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 1823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.
Author : J. N. Reddy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420085980
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics, Third Edition written by J. N. Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Heat Transfer (CHT) evolve and become increasingly important in standard engineering design and analysis practice, users require a solid understanding of mechanics and numerical methods to make optimal use of available software. The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics, Third Edition illustrates what a user must know to ensure the optimal application of computational procedures—particularly the Finite Element Method (FEM)—to important problems associated with heat conduction, incompressible viscous flows, and convection heat transfer. This book follows the tradition of the bestselling previous editions, noted for their concise explanation and powerful presentation of useful methodology tailored for use in simulating CFD and CHT. The authors update research developments while retaining the previous editions’ key material and popular style in regard to text organization, equation numbering, references, and symbols. This updated third edition features new or extended coverage of: Coupled problems and parallel processing Mathematical preliminaries and low-speed compressible flows Mode superposition methods and a more detailed account of radiation solution methods Variational multi-scale methods (VMM) and least-squares finite element models (LSFEM) Application of the finite element method to non-isothermal flows Formulation of low-speed, compressible flows With its presentation of realistic, applied examples of FEM in thermal and fluid design analysis, this proven masterwork is an invaluable tool for mastering basic methodology, competently using existing simulation software, and developing simpler special-purpose computer codes. It remains one of the very best resources for understanding numerical methods used in the study of fluid mechanics and heat transfer phenomena.
Author : J. N. Reddy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849323553
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)
Download or read book The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics, Second Edition written by J. N. Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-20 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The numerical simulation of fluid mechanics and heat transfer problems is now a standard part of engineering practice. The widespread availability of capable computing hardware has led to an increased demand for computer simulations of products and processes during their engineering design and manufacturing phases. The range of fluid mechanics and heat transfer applications of finite element analysis has become quite remarkable, with complex, realistic simulations being carried out on a routine basis. The award-winning first edition of The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics brought this powerful methodology to those interested in applying it to the significant class of problems dealing with heat conduction, incompressible viscous flows, and convection heat transfer. The Second Edition of this bestselling text continues to provide the academic community and industry with up-to-date, authoritative information on the use of the finite element method in the study of fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Extensively revised and thoroughly updated, new and expanded material includes discussions on difficult boundary conditions, contact and bulk nodes, change of phase, weighted-integral statements and weak forms, chemically reactive systems, stabilized methods, free surface problems, and much more. The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics offers students a pragmatic treatment that views numerical computation as a means to an end and does not dwell on theory or proof. Mastering its contents brings a firm understanding of the basic methodology, competence in using existing simulation software, and the ability to develop some simpler, special purpose computer codes.
Author : Abram Dorfman
Publisher : Momentum Press
ISBN 13 : 1606502719
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Classical and Modern Engineering Methods in Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer written by Abram Dorfman and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2012-02-26 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents contemporary theoretical methods in fluid flow and heat transfer, emphasizing principles of investigation and modeling of natural phenomena and engineering processes. It is organized into four parts and 12 chapters presenting classical and modern methods. Following the classical methods in Part 1, Part 2 offers in-depth coverage of analytical conjugate methods in convective heat transfer and peristaltic flow. Part 3 explains recent developments in numerical methods including new approaches for simulation of turbulence by direct solution of Navier-Stokes equations. Part 4 provides a wealth of applications in industrial systems, technology processes, biology, and medicine. More than a hundred examples show the applicability of the methods in such areas as nuclear reactors, aerospace, crystal growth, turbine blades, electronics packaging, optical fiber coating, wire casting, blood flow, urinary problems, and food processing. Intended for practicing engineers and students, the book balances strong formulation of problems with detailed explanations of definitions and terminology. Author comments give attention to special terms like singularity, order of magnitude, flow stability, and nonisothermicity characteristics. More than 400 exercises and questions are offered, many of which divide derivations between you and the author. For these exercises, the author describes the solution method and the results in the text, but you are directed to complete specific portions of the solutions. You then have a choice to accept the results or to further explore the underlying problem. Extensive references are provided for further study.
Author : Peter Ehrhard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792370208
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Interactive Dynamics of Convection and Solidification written by Peter Ehrhard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-06-30 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Euromech Colloquium 408, held in Chamonix, France, 18-22 March 2000
Author : Paul Julio Sonda
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book The Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Transport Phenomena in a Thermally Destabilizing Bridgman Crystal Growth System written by Paul Julio Sonda and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hendrik C. Kuhlmann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783662147368
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (473 download)
Download or read book Thermocapillary Convection in Models of Crystal Growth written by Hendrik C. Kuhlmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This critical overview describes fluid flow driven by the thermocapillary effect in models of crystal growth. Simple models are the floating-zone technique and the open-boat technique. Basic equations, boundary layer scaling, stability analysis, pattern formation and additional buoyancy are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the understanding of the physics of flow. This reference book gives a state-of-the-art report and reviews the literature available.
Author : Hans J. Scheel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527623450
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Crystal Growth Technology written by Hans J. Scheel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book top experts treat general thermodynamic aspects of crystal fabrication; numerical simulation of industrial growth processes; commercial production of bulk silicon, compound semiconductors, scintillation and oxide crystals; X-ray characterization; and crystal machining. Also, the role of crystal technology for renewable energy and for saving energy is discussed. It will be useful for scientists and engineers involved in crystal and epilayer fabrication as well as for teachers and graduate students in material science, chemical and metallurgical engineering, and micro- and optoelectronics, including nanotechnology.
