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Simulation Experiment And Evaluation Of Membrane Based Co 2 Gas Separation In The Downstream Of Oxidative Coupling Of Methane Process
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Book Synopsis Simulation, Experiment, and Evaluation of Membrane Based CO 2 Gas Separation in the Downstream of Oxidative Coupling of Methane Process by : Shankui Song
Download or read book Simulation, Experiment, and Evaluation of Membrane Based CO 2 Gas Separation in the Downstream of Oxidative Coupling of Methane Process written by Shankui Song and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulation, Design and Optimization of Membrane Gas Separation, Chemical Absorption and Hybrid Processes for CO2 Capture by : Mohammad Hassan Murad Chowdhury
Download or read book Simulation, Design and Optimization of Membrane Gas Separation, Chemical Absorption and Hybrid Processes for CO2 Capture written by Mohammad Hassan Murad Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal-fired power plants are the largest anthropogenic point sources of CO2 emissions worldwide. About 40% of the world's electricity comes from coal. Approximately 49% of the US electricity in 2008 and 23% of the total electricity generation of Canada in 2000 came from coal-fired power plant (World Coal Association, and Statistic Canada). It is likely that in the near future there might be some form of CO2 regulation. Therefore, it is highly probable that CO2 capture will need to be implemented at many US and Canadian coal fired power plants at some point. Several technologies are available for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. One option is to separate CO2 from the combustion products using conventional approach such as chemical absorption/stripping with amine solvents, which is commercially available. Another potential alternative, membrane gas separation, involves no moving parts, is compact and modular with a small footprint, is gaining more and more attention. Both technologies can be retrofitted to existing power plants, but they demands significant energy requirement to capture, purify and compress the CO2 for transporting to the sequestration sites. This thesis is a techno-economical evaluation of the two approaches mentioned above along with another approach known as hybrid. This evaluation is based on the recent advancement in membrane materials and properties, and the adoption of systemic design procedures and optimization approach with the help of a commercial process simulator. Comparison of the process performance is developed in AspenPlus process simulation environment with a detailed multicomponent gas separation membrane model, and several rigorous rate-based absorption/stripping models. Fifteen various single and multi-stage membrane process configurations with or without recycle streams are examined through simulation and design study for industrial scale post-combustion CO2 capture. It is found that only two process configurations are capable to satisfy the process specifications i.e., 85% CO2 recovery and 98% CO2 purity for EOR. The power and membrane area requirement can be saved by up to 13% and 8% respectively by the optimizing the base design. A post-optimality sensitivity analysis reveals that any changes in any of the factors such as feed flow rate, feed concentration (CO2), permeate vacuum and compression condition have great impact on plant performance especially on power consumption and product recovery. Two different absorption/stripping process configurations (conventional and Fluor concept) with monoethanolamine (30 wt% MEA) solvent were simulated and designed using same design basis as above with tray columns. Both the rate-based and the equilibrium-stage based modeling approaches were adopted. Two kinetic models for modeling reactive absorption/stripping reactions of CO2 with aqueous MEA solution were evaluated. Depending on the options to account for mass transfer, the chemical reactions in the liquid film/phase, film resistance and film non-ideality, eight different absorber/stripper models were categorized and investigated. From a parametric design study, the optimum CO2 lean solvent loading was determined with respect to minimum reboiler energy requirement by varying the lean solvent flow rate in a closed-loop simulation environment for each model. It was realized that the success of modeling CO2 capture with MEA depends upon how the film discretization is carried out. It revealed that most of the CO2 was reacted in the film not in the bulk liquid. This insight could not be recognized with the traditional equilibrium-stage modeling. It was found that the optimum/or minimum lean solvent loading ranges from 0.29 to 0.40 and the reboiler energy ranges from 3.3 to 5.1 (GJ/ton captured CO2) depending on the model considered. Between the two process alternatives, the Fluor concept process performs well in terms of plant operating (i.e., 8.5% less energy) and capital cost (i.e., 50% less number of strippers). The potentiality of hybrid processes which combines membrane permeation and conventional gas absorption/stripping using MEA were also examined for post-combustion CO2 capture in AspenPlus®. It was found that the hybrid process may not be a promising alternative for post-combustion CO2 capture in terms of energy requirement for capture and compression. On the other hand, a stand-alone membrane gas separation process showed the lowest energy demand for CO2 capture and compression, and could save up to 15 to 35% energy compare to the MEA capture process depending on the absorption/stripping model used.
Book Synopsis Adsorption and Diffusion by : Hellmut G. Karge
Download or read book Adsorption and Diffusion written by Hellmut G. Karge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-17 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Molecular Sieves - Science and Technology" covers, in a comprehensive manner, the science and technology of zeolites and all related microporous and mesoporous materials. The contributions are grouped together topically in such a way that each volume deals with a specific sub-field. Volume 7 treats fundamentals and analyses of adsorption and diffusion in zeolites including single-file diffusion. Various methods of measuring adsorption and diffusion are described and discussed.
Book Synopsis Membranes For Gas Separations by : Moises A Carreon
Download or read book Membranes For Gas Separations written by Moises A Carreon and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at illustrating several examples of different membrane compositions ranging from inorganic, polymeric, metallic, metal organic framework, and composite which have been successfully deployed to separate industrially relevant gas mixtures including hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, olefins/parafins among others. Each book chapter highlights some of the current and key fundamental and technological challenges for these membranes that must be overcome in order to envision its application at industrial level.
Book Synopsis Membrane Technology for CO2 Sequestration by : Zeinab Abbas Jawad
Download or read book Membrane Technology for CO2 Sequestration written by Zeinab Abbas Jawad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the fundamentals of CO2 storage for long-term sequestration in a subsurface geologic formation. In general, membrane gas separation can find a large room of application in flue gas. To achieve the development of this technology on a larger scale than which is possible in the lab we have to use membrane engineering. Consequently, greater emphasis is placed on novel materials for gas separation. Possible design strategies and role of novel materials are discussed. Additionally, the latest progress in design and preparation of asymmetric membranes for natural gas purification are highlighted. In fact, further development should focus on module and process design in order to bring gas separation membrane technology into commercial application. Therefore, the keys issues to propel current research towards industrial application are examined. Besides, the feasibility of implementing polyimide membrane for CO2 removal under real industrial conditions and its economic viability are highlighted. In order to exhibit excellent film-forming properties, zeolite membrane and cellulose acetate butyrate membrane areaddressed. Interestingly, it was found that the most accurate theoretical three-phase model is arguably revised Pal model with average percentage error of 0.74%.
Book Synopsis Methane Conversion by Oxidative Processes by : Wolf
Download or read book Methane Conversion by Oxidative Processes written by Wolf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Book Synopsis Optimized Modeling of Membrane Gas Phase Separation Processes by : Sina Gilassi
Download or read book Optimized Modeling of Membrane Gas Phase Separation Processes written by Sina Gilassi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Résumé en anglais
Book Synopsis Optimal Design and Evaluation of a Biogas-based Oxidative Coupling of Methane Process by : Alberto Teixeira Penteado
Download or read book Optimal Design and Evaluation of a Biogas-based Oxidative Coupling of Methane Process written by Alberto Teixeira Penteado and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A User Guide on Process Integration for the Efficient Use of Energy by : Bodo Linnhoff
Download or read book A User Guide on Process Integration for the Efficient Use of Energy written by Bodo Linnhoff and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 10th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering - PSE2009 by : Rita Maria de Brito Alves
Download or read book 10th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering - PSE2009 written by Rita Maria de Brito Alves and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-08-05 with total page 1230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the 10e of a series of international symposia on process systems engineering (PSE) initiated in 1982. The special focus of PSE09 is how PSE methods can support sustainable resource systems and emerging technologies in the areas of green engineering. * Contains fully searchable CD of all printed contributions * Focus on sustainable green engineering * 9 Plenary papers, 21 Keynote lectures by leading experts in the field
Book Synopsis Process Modeling of CO2 Capture Through Membranes by : Marcos Manuel Da Conceicao Acosta
Download or read book Process Modeling of CO2 Capture Through Membranes written by Marcos Manuel Da Conceicao Acosta and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As anthropogenic CO2 emissions continue to rise at the global scale, the need for capturing and sequestering such gas is becoming paramount. Fossil-fuel based power plants are a major source of CO2 emissions and therefore multiple carbon capture options have been proposed. These include adsorption, adsorption, membranes and hybrid configurations. The chosen technology for the CO2 capture process has to demonstrate that it can capture 90% of the CO2 at a purity of 95%. Membrane systems have been attracting strong interest in the last few years as a competitive method for capturing carbon dioxide. Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. (MTR) has patented a two-stage hybrid membrane system that can meet the desired production targets and deliver a capture cost of less than $40/ton of CO2. Although, membrane systems have been tested widely at a small scale, they yet have not been tested at larger scales. Process modeling of membrane modules can shed light on how efficient the membrane process is before scaling-up. However, a majority of the present models in literature are simple in nature and do not account for several non-idealities that arise due to the operation and manufacturing process of the membrane module. In this work, a rigorous membrane model that takes into consideration multiple non-idealities is developed with the purpose of exploring how the presence of these non-idealities related mainly to fiber property variation and non-isothermal operation influence the performance of the gas separation process in terms of CO2 capture and CO2 purity for a binary and multicomponent gas stream. Additionally, most of the available membrane process models are deterministic in nature and do not account for parametric uncertainty. As part of this work, the developed process model is used to construct a surrogate model that can take into consideration parametric uncertainty, which is propagated through the entire process model with the aim to identify the best estimate of the uncertain parameters that provide the best fit with the experimental data from an air separation experiment. The developed membrane process model applied to post-combustion carbon capture shows that variations in internal diameter can be detrimental towards CO2 product recovery, as much as 10% decrease for a 20% variation in internal diameter. Variations in fiber permeance can also reduce the amount of CO2 recovered, but its effect is not as prominent as for variations encountered in fiber internal diameter. The constructed surrogate model for the air separation experiment, which leverages the use of a sequential design of experiments (sDOE) methodology provides excellent agreement with the experimental data for all the design runs. The introduction of additional physics to the model related to fiber internal diameter variation proved to reduce model discrepancy at low flow conditions for the retentate oxygen mole fraction, however the statistical significance of variations in internal diameter was not as sensitive as those seen for the component permeances.
Book Synopsis OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE USING INORGANIC MEMBRANE REACTORS. by :
Download or read book OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE USING INORGANIC MEMBRANE REACTORS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to study the oxidative coupling of methane in catalytic inorganic membrane reactors. A specific target is to achieve conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons at very high selectivity and higher yields than in conventional non-porous, co-feed, fixed bed reactors by controlling the oxygen supply through the membrane. A membrane reactor has the advantage of precisely controlling the rate of delivery of oxygen to the catalyst. This facility permits balancing the rate of oxidation and reduction of the catalyst. In addition, membrane reactors minimize the concentration of gas phase oxygen thus reducing non selective gas phase reactions, which are believed to be a main route for the formation of CO(subscript x) products. Such gas phase reactions are a cause of decreased selectivity in the oxidative coupling of methane in conventional flow reactors. Membrane reactors could also produce higher product yields by providing better distribution of the reactant gases over the catalyst than the conventional plug flow reactors. Membrane reactor technology also offers the potential for modifying the membranes both to improve catalytic properties as well as to regulate the rate of the permeation/diffusion of reactants through the membrane to minimize by-product generation. Other benefits also exist with membrane reactors, such as the mitigation of thermal hot-spots for highly exothermic reactions such as the oxidative coupling of methane. The application of catalytically active inorganic membranes has potential for drastically increasing the yield of reactions which are currently limited by either thermodynamic equilibria, product inhibition, or kinetic selectivity.
Book Synopsis Gas Separation Membranes by : Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Download or read book Gas Separation Membranes written by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of gas separation membranes based both on inorganic and polymeric materials. Materials discussed include polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon based materials, zeolites, as well as other materials, and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in which the above novel materials are incorporated. This broad survey of gas membranes covers material, theory, modeling, preparation, characterization (for example, by AFM, IR, XRD, ESR, Positron annihilation spectroscopy), tailoring of membranes, membrane module and system design, and applications. The book is concluded with some perspectives about the future direction of the field.
Book Synopsis Computational Study of Gas Separation Using Membrane by :
Download or read book Computational Study of Gas Separation Using Membrane written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted for multicomponent fluid flows in a channel containing spacers. The channel is bounded by membrane boundaries. A new and unique model has been presented for the treatment of the membrane boundaries in the separation of CO2 from CH4 in a binary mixture. The equation governing the flux through the membrane is derived from the first principle. The membrane is modeled as a functional surface, where the mass fluxes of each species will be determined based on the local partial pressures, the permeability, and the selectivity of the membrane. The approach introduced here is essential simulating gas-gas separation. Baseline Reynolds Stress, k-o BSL, and Large Eddy Simulation, LES, turbulence models are employed to study spatial and temporal characteristics of the flow for a wide range of the Reynolds number. This study focuses on the improving the membrane performance by enhancing the momentum mixing in the feed channel by placing flow restricting bodies. The membrane properties such as membrane permeance and selectivity are fixed. Both spiral wound membrane and the hollow fiber membrane systems are considered here for gas separation applications. For the spiral wound membrane, it is shown here that the spacers have a strong effect on the membrane performance. The process of separating CO2 from CH4 is improved by the presence of spacers in the spiral wound membrane module. It is demonstrated that spacers should be an integral part of the membrane system design in the application of gas-gas separation. For the hollow fiber membrane it is illustrated here the porous support layer has strong influence on the membrane performance. Enhanced momentum mixing has been utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of the porous support layer. Flow restricting devices such as orifice, diffuser and helical grooves and fins are considered to achieve the promotion of momentum mixing. It has been shown here that the hollow fiber membrane performance can be improved by careful design of these devices in the feed channel. Further study of optimization is essential to achieve better performance in hollow fiber modules.
Book Synopsis CO2 (H2S) Membrane Separations and WGS Membrane Reactor Modeling for Fuel Cells by : Jin Huang
Download or read book CO2 (H2S) Membrane Separations and WGS Membrane Reactor Modeling for Fuel Cells written by Jin Huang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Acid-gas removal is of great importance in many environmental or energy-related processes. Compared to current commercial technologies, membrane-based CO2 and H2S capture has the advantages of low energy consumption, low weight and space requirement, simplicity of installation / operation, and high process flexibility. However, the large-scale application of the membrane separation technology is limited by the relatively low transport properties. In this study, CO2(H2S)-selective polymeric membranes with high permeability and high selectivity have been studied based on the facilitated transport mechanism. The membrane showed facilitated effect for both CO2 and H2S. A CO2 permeability of above 2000 Barrers, a CO2/H2 selectivity of greater than 40, and a CO2/N2 selectivity of greater than 200 at 100 - 150°C were observed. As a result of higher reaction rate and smaller diffusing compound, the H2S permeability and H2S/H2 selectivity were about three times higher than those properties for CO2. The novel CO2-selective membrane has been applied to capture CO2 from flue gas and natural gas. In the CO2 capture experiments from a gas mixture with N2 and H2, a permeate CO2 dry concentration of greater than 98% was obtained by using steam as the sweep gas. In CO2/CH2 separation, decent CO2 transport properties were obtained with a feed pressure up to 500 psia. With the thin-film composite membrane structure, significant increase on the CO2 flux was achieved with the decrease of the selective layer thickness. With the continuous removal of CO2, CO2-selective water-gas-shift (WGS) membrane reactor is a promising approach to enhance CO conversion and increase the purity of H2 at process pressure under relatively low temperature. The simultaneous reaction and transport process in the countercurrent WGS membrane reactor was simulated by using a one-dimensional non-isothermal model. The modeling results show that a CO concentration of less than 10 ppm and a H2 recovery of greater than 97% are achievable from reforming syngases. In an experimental study, the reversible WGS was shifted forward by removing CO2 so that the CO concentration was significantly decreased to less than 10 ppm. The modeling results agreed well with the experimental data.
Book Synopsis Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase CO2 Conversion to CO Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) Reaction by : Farhang Abdollahi
Download or read book Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase CO2 Conversion to CO Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) Reaction written by Farhang Abdollahi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research project, adsorption is considered in conjunction with the reverse water gas shift reaction in order to convert CO2 to CO for synthetic fuel production. If the CO2 for this process can be captured from high emitting industries it can be a very good alternative for reduced fossil fuel consumption and GHG emission mitigation. CO as an active gas could be used in Fischer-Tropsch process to produce conventional fuels. Literature review and process simulation were carried out in order to determine the best operating conditions for reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Increasing CO2 conversion to CO requires CO2/CO separation downstream of the reactor and recycling unreacted CO2 and H2 back into the reactor. Adsorption as a viable and cost effective process for gas separation was chosen for the CO2/CO separation. This was started by a series of adsorbent screening experiments to select the best adsorbent for the application. Screening study was performed by comparing pure gas isotherms for CO2 and CO at different temperatures and pressures. Then experimental isotherm data were modeled by the Temperature-Dependent Toth isotherm model which provided satisfactory fits for these isotherms. Henry law's constant, isosteric heat of adsorption and binary mixture prediction were determined as well as selectivity for each adsorbent. Finally, the expected working capacity was calculated in order to find the best candidate in terms of adsorption and desorption. Zeolite NaY was selected as the best candidate for CO2/CO separation in adsorption process for this project. In the last step breakthrough experiments were performed to evaluate operating condition and adsorption capacity for real multi component mixture of CO2, CO, H2 in both cases of saturated with water and dry gas basis. In multi components experiments zeolite NaY has shown very good performance to separate CO2/CO at low adsorption pressure and ambient temperature. Also desorption experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the working capacity of the adsorbent for using in industrial scale and eventually temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process worked very well for the regeneration step. Integrated adsorption system downstream of RWGS reactor can enhance the conversion of CO2 to CO in this process significantly resulting to provide synthetic gas for synthetic fuel production as well as GHG emission mitigation.
Book Synopsis Simulation of Transport Processes Through an Asymmetric Gas Separation Membrane by : Unoaku Victoria Unije
Download or read book Simulation of Transport Processes Through an Asymmetric Gas Separation Membrane written by Unoaku Victoria Unije and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
