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Simulation Based Evaluation Of Dynamic Congestion Pricing Algorithms And Strategies
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Book Synopsis Simulation Based Evaluation of Dynamic Congestion Pricing Algorithms and Strategies by : Ender Faruk Morgul
Download or read book Simulation Based Evaluation of Dynamic Congestion Pricing Algorithms and Strategies written by Ender Faruk Morgul and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congestion pricing is defined as charging motorists during peak hours to encourage them to either switch their travel times or to use alternative routes. The theory behind road pricing suggests that, in order to reach social optimum conditions, a toll needs to be charged which is equal to the difference between social marginal costs and private average costs of users. In recent years, with the help of technological developments such as electronic toll collection system, pricing can be done dynamically, that is, tolls can be set in a real-time fashion according to the on-line measured traffic conditions. Dynamic pricing is only being used in High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes. However time-dependent pricing idea can be used in a network setting where drivers have to make route choices that are relatively more complex than the choices they make in the case of HOT lanes. This thesis proposes a simulation-based evaluation of dynamic congestion pricing on the crossings of New York City where many of the limited number of crossings to the island of Manhattan are tolled and function as parallel alternatives. One of the key aspects of this study is the estimation of realistic values of time (VOT) for different classes of users, namely, commuters and commercial vehicles. New York region-specific VOT for commercial vehicles is estimated using a logit model of stated preference data. Two different simulation studies are conducted. First simulation study is performed using the software TransModeler by considering the Manhattan network with a simple step-wise dynamic tolling algorithm and modeling the driver behavior by taking VOT into consideration. In the second simulation study, a tolling algorithm which is applicable to two tolled alternative crossings is developed. The algorithm includes real time toll rate calculation depending on travel times on crossings and models the driver behavior in response to toll rates and real-time measured travel time information on alternative routes. The algorithm is tested in traffic simulation software Paramics on a network including the two tunnels between New Jersey and New York City with a microscopic simulation of the traffic entering Manhattan.
Book Synopsis Applications of Heuristic Algorithms to Optimal Road Congestion Pricing by : Don Graham
Download or read book Applications of Heuristic Algorithms to Optimal Road Congestion Pricing written by Don Graham and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-04 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road congestion imposes major financial, social, and environmental costs. One solution is the operation of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes. This book outlines a method for dynamic pricing for HOT lanes based on non-linear programming (NLP) techniques, finite difference stochastic approximation, genetic algorithms, and simulated annealing stochastic algorithms, working within a cell transmission framework. The result is a solution for optimal flow and optimal toll to minimize total travel time and reduce congestion. ANOVA results are presented which show differences in the performance of the NLP algorithms in solving this problem and reducing travel time, and econometric forecasting methods utilizing vector autoregressive techniques are shown to successfully forecast demand. The book compares different optimization approaches It presents case studies from around the world, such as the I-95 Express HOT Lane in Miami, USA Applications of Heuristic Algorithms to Optimal Road Congestion Pricing is ideal for transportation practitioners and researchers.
Book Synopsis Applications of Heuristic Algorithms to Optimal Road Congestion Pricing by : Don Graham
Download or read book Applications of Heuristic Algorithms to Optimal Road Congestion Pricing written by Don Graham and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-04 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road congestion imposes major financial, social, and environmental costs. One solution is the operation of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes. This book outlines a method for dynamic pricing for HOT lanes based on non-linear programming (NLP) techniques, finite difference stochastic approximation, genetic algorithms, and simulated annealing stochastic algorithms, working within a cell transmission framework. The result is a solution for optimal flow and optimal toll to minimize total travel time and reduce congestion. ANOVA results are presented which show differences in the performance of the NLP algorithms in solving this problem and reducing travel time, and econometric forecasting methods utilizing vector autoregressive techniques are shown to successfully forecast demand. The book compares different optimization approaches It presents case studies from around the world, such as the I-95 Express HOT Lane in Miami, USA Applications of Heuristic Algorithms to Optimal Road Congestion Pricing is ideal for transportation practitioners and researchers.
Book Synopsis Optimized Time-dependent Congestion Pricing System for Large Networks by : Aya Aboudina
Download or read book Optimized Time-dependent Congestion Pricing System for Large Networks written by Aya Aboudina and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congestion pricing is one of the most widely contemplated methods to manage traffic congestion. The purpose of congestion pricing is to manage traffic demand generation and supply allocation by charging fees (i.e., tolling) for the use of certain roads in order to distribute traffic demand more evenly over time and space. This study presents a system for large-scale optimal time-varying congestion pricing policy determination and evaluation. The proposed system integrates a theoretical model of dynamic congestion pricing, a distributed optimization algorithm, a departure time choice model, and a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) simulation platform, creating a unified optimal (location- and time-specific) congestion pricing system. The system determines and evaluates the impact of optimal tolling on road traffic congestion (supply side) and travellers' behavioural choices, including departure time and route choices (demand side). For the system's large-scale nature and the consequent computational challenges, the optimization algorithm is executed concurrently on a parallel cluster. The system is applied to simulation-based case studies of tolling major highways in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) while capturing the regional effects of tolling. The models are developed and calibrated using regional household travel survey data that reflect travellers' heterogeneity. The DTA model is calibrated using actual traffic counts from the Ontario Ministry of Transportation and the City of Toronto. The main results indicate that: (1) more benefits are attained from variable tolling due to departure time rescheduling as opposed to mostly re-routing only in the case of flat tolling, (2) widespread spatial and temporal re-distributions of traffic are observed across the regional network in response to tolling significant - yet limited - highways in the region, (3) optimal variable pricing mirrors congestion patterns and induces departure time re-scheduling and rerouting patterns, resulting in improved average travel times and schedule delays at all scales, (4) tolled routes have different sensitivities to identical toll changes, (5) the start times of longer trips are more sensitive (elastic) to variable distance-based tolling policies compared to shorter trips, (6) optimal tolls intended to manage traffic demand are significantly lower than those intended to maximize toll revenues, (7) toll payers benefit from tolling even before toll revenues are spent, and (8) the optimal tolling policies determined offer a win-win solution in which travel times are improved while also raising funds to invest in sustainable transportation infrastructure.
Book Synopsis Using Dynamic Traffic Assignment in the Development of a Congestion Management System by : Aaron Gene Grilliot
Download or read book Using Dynamic Traffic Assignment in the Development of a Congestion Management System written by Aaron Gene Grilliot and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MATSim by : Andreas Horni
Download or read book The Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MATSim written by Andreas Horni and published by Ubiquity Press. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.
Book Synopsis Improving the Efficiency of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Through Computational Methods Based on Combinatorial Algorithm by : Nezamuddin
Download or read book Improving the Efficiency of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Through Computational Methods Based on Combinatorial Algorithm written by Nezamuddin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation planning and operation requires determining the state of the transportation system under different network supply and demand conditions. The most fundamental determinant of the state of a transportation system is time-varying traffic flow pattern on its roadway segments. It forms a basis for numerous engineering analyses which are used in operational- and planning-level decision-making process. Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models are the leading modeling tools employed to determine time-varying traffic flow pattern under changing network conditions. DTA models have matured over the past three decades, and are now being adopted by transportation planning agencies and traffic management centers. However, DTA models for large-scale regional networks require excessive computational resources. The problem becomes further compounded for other applications such as congestion pricing, capacity calibration, and network design for which DTA needs to be solved repeatedly as a sub-problem. This dissertation aims to improve the efficiency of the DTA models, and increase their viability for various planning and operational applications. To this end, a suite of computational methods based on the combinatorial approach for dynamic traffic assignment was developed in this dissertation. At first, a new polynomial run time combinatorial algorithm for DTA was developed. The combinatorial DTA (CDTA) model complements and aids simulation-based DTA models rather than replace them. This is because various policy measures and active traffic control strategies are best modeled using the simulation-based DTA models. Solution obtained from the CDTA model was provided as an initial feasible solution to a simulation-based DTA model to improve its efficiency -- this process is called "warm starting" the simulation-based DTA model. To further improve the efficiency of the simulation-based DTA model, the warm start process is made more efficient through parallel computing. Parallel computing was applied to the CDTA model and the traffic simulator used for warm starting. Finally, another warm start method based on the static traffic assignment model was tested on the simulation-based DTA model. The computational methods developed in this dissertation were tested on the Anaheim, CA and Winnipeg, Canada networks. Models warm-started using the CDTA solution performed better than the purely simulation-based DTA models in terms of equilibrium convergence metrics and run time. Warm start methods using solutions from the static traffic assignment models showed similar improvements. Parallel computing was applied to the CDTA model, and it resulted in faster execution time by employing multiple computer processors. Parallel version of the traffic simulator can also be embedded into the simulation-assignment framework of the simulation-based DTA models and improve their efficiency.
Author :Siriphong Lawphongpanich Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :038729645X Total Pages :246 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (872 download)
Book Synopsis Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging by : Siriphong Lawphongpanich
Download or read book Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging written by Siriphong Lawphongpanich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rigorous treatments of issues related to congestion pricing are described in this book. It examines recent advances in areas such as mathematical and computational models for predicting traffic congestion, determining when, where, and how much to levy tolls, and analyzing the impact on transportation systems. The book follows recent schemes judged to be successful in London, Singapore, Norway, as well as a number of projects in the United States.
Book Synopsis Computational Logistics by : Eduardo Lalla-Ruiz
Download or read book Computational Logistics written by Eduardo Lalla-Ruiz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-26 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computational Logistics, ICCL 2020, held in Enschede, The Netherlands, in September 2020. The 49 papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 73 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: maritime and port logistics; vehicle routing and scheduling; freight distribution and city logistics; network design and scheduling; and selected topics in logistics. Due to the Corona pandemic ICCL 2020 was held as a virtual event.
Book Synopsis Models and Algorithms for the Optimization of Traffic Flows and Emissions Using Dynamic Routing and Pricing by : Maya Abou Zeid
Download or read book Models and Algorithms for the Optimization of Traffic Flows and Emissions Using Dynamic Routing and Pricing written by Maya Abou Zeid and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment by : Pushkin Kachroo
Download or read book Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment written by Pushkin Kachroo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a methodology for designing feedback control laws for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) exploiting the introduction of new sensing and information-dissemination technologies to facilitate the introduction of real-time traffic management in intelligent transportation systems. Three methods of modeling the traffic system are discussed: partial differential equations representing a distributed-parameter setting; continuous-time ordinary differential equations (ODEs) representing a continuous-time lumped-parameter setting; and discreet-time ODEs representing a discrete-time lumped-parameter setting. Feedback control formulations for reaching road-user-equilibrium are presented for each setting and advantages and disadvantage of using each are addressed. The closed-loop methods described are proposed expressly to avoid the counter-productive shifting of bottlenecks from one route to another because of driver over-reaction to routing information. The second edition of Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment has been thoroughly updated with completely new chapters: a review of the DTA problem and emphasizing real-time-feedback-based problems; an up-to-date presentation of pertinent traffic-flow theory; and a treatment of the mathematical solution to the traffic dynamics. Techinques accounting for the importance of entropy are further new inclusions at various points in the text. Researchers working in traffic control will find the theoretical material presented a sound basis for further research; the continual reference to applications will help professionals working in highway administration and engineering with the increasingly important task of maintaining and smoothing traffic flow; the extensive use of end-of-chapter exercises will help the graduate student and those new to the field to extend their knowledge.
Book Synopsis Development and Test of Dynamic Congestion Pricing Model by : Shunan Xu (S. M.)
Download or read book Development and Test of Dynamic Congestion Pricing Model written by Shunan Xu (S. M.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic congestion pricing is an approach to control the traffic flow on the network by setting variable tolls that are adjusted with time based on the traffic condition. Different models have been developed and tested in the past. However, most of these models are based on deterministic network equilibrium rather than stochastic choices of travelers, and case studies on complex networks are rare. These disadvantages limit the use of existing models. In this research, a new dynamic congestion pricing model is developed based on a discrete choice framework to capture users' personal choices. Several solution algorithms are examined and tested in a synthetic network for solving this model. Among these algorithms, SPSA is found to be the best, and is applied successfully to a real case study in Lower Westchester County in New York State. The usefulness and effectiveness of dynamic congestion pricing is also examined and discussed. The results show that dynamic congestion pricing has the potential to improve network performance.
Book Synopsis Studies in the Economics of Transportation by : Martin J. Beckmann
Download or read book Studies in the Economics of Transportation written by Martin J. Beckmann and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Traffic Congestion Pricing Mechanism with User-centric Considerations by : Kim Thien Bui
Download or read book Dynamic Traffic Congestion Pricing Mechanism with User-centric Considerations written by Kim Thien Bui and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we consider the problem of designing real-time traffic routing systems in urban areas. Optimal dynamic routing for multiple passengers is known to be computationally hard due to its combinatorial nature. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a novel mechanism called User-Centric Dynamic Pricing (UCDP) based on recent advances in algorithmic mechanism design. The mechanism allows for congestion-free traffic in general road networks with heterogeneous users, while satisfying each user's travel preference. The mechanism first informs whether a passenger should use public transportation or the road network. In the latter case, a passenger reports his maximum accepted travel time with a lower bound announced publicly by the road authority. The mechanism then assigns the passenger a path that matches with his preference given the current traffic condition in the network. The proposed mechanism introduces a fairness constrained shortest path (FCSP) problem with a special structure, thus enabling polynomial time computation of path allocation that maximizes the sequential social surplus and guarantees fairness among passengers. The tolls of paths are then computed according to marginal cost payments. We show that reporting true preference is a weakly dominant strategy. The performance of the proposed mechanism is demonstrated on several simulated routing experiments in comparison to user equilibrium and system optimum.
Book Synopsis Development of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models for Planning Applications by : Yue Li
Download or read book Development of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models for Planning Applications written by Yue Li and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of a simulation-based heuristic DTA model that can be implemented for real world applications is also presented. The model uses a mesoscopic simulator and a time-dependent shortest path algorithm and is tested on an actual urban network with more than 16,000 links.
Book Synopsis Computationally Efficient Simulation-based Optimization Algorithms for Large-scale Urban Transportation Problems by : Linsen Chong
Download or read book Computationally Efficient Simulation-based Optimization Algorithms for Large-scale Urban Transportation Problems written by Linsen Chong and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we propose novel computationally efficient optimization algorithms that derive effective traffic management strategies to reduce congestion and improve the efficiency of urban transportation systems. The proposed algorithms enable the use of high-resolution yet computationally inefficient urban traffic simulators to address large-scale urban transportation optimization problems in a computationally efficient manner. The first and the second part of this thesis focus on large-scale offline transportation optimization problems with stochastic simulation-based objective functions, analytical differentiable constraints and high-dimensional decision variables. We propose two optimization algorithms to solve these problems. In the first part, we propose a simulation-based metamodel algorithm that combines the use of an analytical stationary traffic network model and a dynamic microscopic traffic simulator. In the second part, we propose a metamodel algorithm that combines the use of an analytical transient traffic network model and the microscopic simulator. In the first part, we use the first metamodel algorithm to solve a large-scale fixed-time traffic signal control problem of the Swiss city of Lausanne with limited simulation runs, showing that the proposed algorithm can derive signal plans that outperform traditional simulation-based optimization algorithms and a commercial traffic signal optimization software. In the second part, we use both algorithms to solve a time-dependent traffic signal control problem of Lausanne, showing that the metamodel with the transient analytical traffic model outperforms that with the stationary traffic model. The third part of this thesis focuses on large-scale online transportation problems, which need to be solved with limited computational time. We propose a new optimization framework that combines the use of a problem-specific model-driven method, i.e., the method proposed in the first part, with a generic data-driven supervised machine learning method. We use this framework to address a traffic responsive control problem of Lausanne. We compare the performance of the proposed framework with the performance of an optimization framework with only the model-driven method and an optimization framework with only the data-driven method, showing that the proposed framework is able to derive signal plans that outperform the signal plans derived by the other two frameworks in most cases.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Transport Modelling by : David A. Hensher
Download or read book Handbook of Transport Modelling written by David A. Hensher and published by Elsevier Science Limited. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2000, there has been an exponential amount of research completed in the field of transport modelling thereby creating a need for an expanded and revised edition of this book. National transport models have taken on the new modelling methods and there have been theoretical and empirical advances in performance measurement. Coverage will include current demand methods, data issues, valuation, cost and performance, and updated traffic models. Supplementary case studies will illustrate how modelling can be applied to the study of the different transport modes and the infrastructures that support them.The second edition of this handbook will continue to be an essential reference for researchers and practitioners in the field. All contributions are by leading experts in their fields and there is extensive cross-referencing of subject matter. This book features expanded coverage on emerging trends and updated case studies. It addresses models for specific applications (i.e. parking, national traffic forecasting, public transport, urban freight movements, and logistics management).
