Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Simplified Independence Proofs full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Simplified Independence Proofs ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 008087343X
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Simplified Independence Proofs written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simplified Independence Proofs
Author : K. Kunen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080570585
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Set Theory An Introduction To Independence Proofs written by K. Kunen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, Volume 102: Set Theory: An Introduction to Independence Proofs offers an introduction to relative consistency proofs in axiomatic set theory, including combinatorics, sets, trees, and forcing. The book first tackles the foundations of set theory and infinitary combinatorics. Discussions focus on the Suslin problem, Martin's axiom, almost disjoint and quasi-disjoint sets, trees, extensionality and comprehension, relations, functions, and well-ordering, ordinals, cardinals, and real numbers. The manuscript then ponders on well-founded sets and easy consistency proofs, including relativization, absoluteness, reflection theorems, properties of well-founded sets, and induction and recursion on well-founded relations. The publication examines constructible sets, forcing, and iterated forcing. Topics include Easton forcing, general iterated forcing, Cohen model, forcing with partial functions of larger cardinality, forcing with finite partial functions, and general extensions. The manuscript is a dependable source of information for mathematicians and researchers interested in set theory.
Author : Library of Congress. Copyright Office
Publisher : Copyright Office, Library of Congress
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1938 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series written by Library of Congress. Copyright Office and published by Copyright Office, Library of Congress. This book was released on 1973 with total page 1938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Martin Aigner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662223430
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (622 download)
Download or read book Proofs from THE BOOK written by Martin Aigner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the great mathematician Paul Erdös, God maintains perfect mathematical proofs in The Book. This book presents the authors candidates for such "perfect proofs," those which contain brilliant ideas, clever connections, and wonderful observations, bringing new insight and surprising perspectives to problems from number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics, and graph theory. As a result, this book will be fun reading for anyone with an interest in mathematics.
Author : Sheldon Axler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387982595
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (825 download)
Download or read book Linear Algebra Done Right written by Sheldon Axler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-07-18 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text for a second course in linear algebra, aimed at math majors and graduates, adopts a novel approach by banishing determinants to the end of the book and focusing on understanding the structure of linear operators on vector spaces. The author has taken unusual care to motivate concepts and to simplify proofs. For example, the book presents - without having defined determinants - a clean proof that every linear operator on a finite-dimensional complex vector space has an eigenvalue. The book starts by discussing vector spaces, linear independence, span, basics, and dimension. Students are introduced to inner-product spaces in the first half of the book and shortly thereafter to the finite- dimensional spectral theorem. A variety of interesting exercises in each chapter helps students understand and manipulate the objects of linear algebra. This second edition features new chapters on diagonal matrices, on linear functionals and adjoints, and on the spectral theorem; some sections, such as those on self-adjoint and normal operators, have been entirely rewritten; and hundreds of minor improvements have been made throughout the text.
Author : Jan Grabowski
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540460632
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Algebraic and Logic Programming written by Jan Grabowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-07-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the First International Workshop on Algebraic and Logic Programming held in Gaussig (German Democratic Republic) from November 14 to 18, 1988. The workshop was devoted to Algebraic Programming, in the sense of programming by algebraic specifications and rewrite rule systems, and Logic Programming, in the sense of Horn clause specifications and resolution systems. This includes combined algebraic/logic programming systems, mutual relations and mutual implementation of programming paradigms, completeness and efficiency considerations in both fields, as well as related topics.
Author : Yu. I. Manin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441906150
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book A Course in Mathematical Logic for Mathematicians written by Yu. I. Manin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. The ?rst edition of this book was published in 1977. The text has been well received and is still used, although it has been out of print for some time. In the intervening three decades, a lot of interesting things have happened to mathematical logic: (i) Model theory has shown that insights acquired in the study of formal languages could be used fruitfully in solving old problems of conventional mathematics. (ii) Mathematics has been and is moving with growing acceleration from the set-theoretic language of structures to the language and intuition of (higher) categories, leaving behind old concerns about in?nities: a new view of foundations is now emerging. (iii) Computer science, a no-nonsense child of the abstract computability theory, has been creatively dealing with old challenges and providing new ones, such as the P/NP problem. Planning additional chapters for this second edition, I have decided to focus onmodeltheory,the conspicuousabsenceofwhichinthe ?rsteditionwasnoted in several reviews, and the theory of computation, including its categorical and quantum aspects. The whole Part IV: Model Theory, is new. I am very grateful to Boris I. Zilber, who kindly agreed to write it. It may be read directly after Chapter II. The contents of the ?rst edition are basically reproduced here as Chapters I–VIII. Section IV.7, on the cardinality of the continuum, is completed by Section IV.7.3, discussing H. Woodin’s discovery.
Author : H.W. Gottinger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400998384
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Decision Theory and Social Ethics written by H.W. Gottinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethics, as one of the most respectable disciplines of philosophy, has undergone a drastic and revolutionary change in recent time. There are three main trends of this development. The first trend can be described as a tendency towards a rigorous formal and analytical language. This means simply that ethics has created beside its own formalized set theoretical language a variety of new formalized, logical and mathemati cal methods and concepts. Thus ethics has become a formalized meta or epidiscipline which is going to replace the traditional concepts, principles and ethical methods in the realm of social sciences. It is clear that a formalized form of ethics can be used more easily in social, economic and political theories if there are ethical conflicts to be solved. This first trend can be regarded as a conditio sine qua non for application in, and imposing ethical solutions on, social scientific theories. The second trend may be characterized as an association- or unification-tendency of a formalized and analytical ethics with decision theory. Decision theory as a new interdiscipline of social sciences is actually an assemblage of a variety of subtheories such as value-utility theory, game theory, collective decision theory, etc. Harsanyi has called this complex of subtheories a general theory of human behavior. Analytical or formal ethics is actually using this general theory of human behavior as a vehicle simply because this theory deals from the beginning with conflict solution, i. e.
Author : A.G. Kusraev
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593493
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Dominated Operators written by A.G. Kusraev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of a dominated or rnajorized operator rests on a simple idea that goes as far back as the Cauchy method of majorants. Loosely speaking, the idea can be expressed as follows. If an operator (equation) under study is dominated by another operator (equation), called a dominant or majorant, then the properties of the latter have a substantial influence on the properties of the former . Thus, operators or equations that have "nice" dominants must possess "nice" properties. In other words, an operator with a somehow qualified dominant must be qualified itself. Mathematical tools, putting the idea of domination into a natural and complete form, were suggested by L. V. Kantorovich in 1935-36. He introduced the funda mental notion of a vector space normed by elements of a vector lattice and that of a linear operator between such spaces which is dominated by a positive linear or monotone sublinear operator. He also applied these notions to solving functional equations. In the succeedingyears many authors studied various particular cases of lattice normed spaces and different classes of dominated operators. However, research was performed within and in the spirit of the theory of vector and normed lattices. So, it is not an exaggeration to say that dominated operators, as independent objects of investigation, were beyond the reach of specialists for half a century. As a consequence, the most important structural properties and some interesting applications of dominated operators have become available since recently.
Author : Anne S. Troelstra
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540378065
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Metamathematical Investigation of Intuitionistic Arithmetic and Analysis written by Anne S. Troelstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-11-15 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yu.I. Manin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475743858
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book A Course in Mathematical Logic written by Yu.I. Manin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. This book is above all addressed to mathematicians. It is intended to be a textbook of mathematical logic on a sophisticated level, presenting the reader with several of the most significant discoveries of the last ten or fifteen years. These include: the independence of the continuum hypothe sis, the Diophantine nature of enumerable sets, the impossibility of finding an algorithmic solution for one or two old problems. All the necessary preliminary material, including predicate logic and the fundamentals of recursive function theory, is presented systematically and with complete proofs. We only assume that the reader is familiar with "naive" set theoretic arguments. In this book mathematical logic is presented both as a part of mathe matics and as the result of its self-perception. Thus, the substance of the book consists of difficult proofs of subtle theorems, and the spirit of the book consists of attempts to explain what these theorems say about the mathematical way of thought. Foundational problems are for the most part passed over in silence. Most likely, logic is capable of justifying mathematics to no greater extent than biology is capable of justifying life. 2. The first two chapters are devoted to predicate logic. The presenta tion here is fairly standard, except that semantics occupies a very domi nant position, truth is introduced before deducibility, and models of speech in formal languages precede the systematic study of syntax.
Author : Elliot Mendelsohn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461572886
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Mathematical Logic written by Elliot Mendelsohn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a compact mtroduction to some of the pnncipal tOpICS of mathematical logic . In the belief that beginners should be exposed to the most natural and easiest proofs, I have used free-swinging set-theoretic methods. The significance of a demand for constructive proofs can be evaluated only after a certain amount of experience with mathematical logic has been obtained. If we are to be expelled from "Cantor's paradise" (as nonconstructive set theory was called by Hilbert), at least we should know what we are missing. The major changes in this new edition are the following. (1) In Chapter 5, Effective Computability, Turing-computabIlity IS now the central notion, and diagrams (flow-charts) are used to construct Turing machines. There are also treatments of Markov algorithms, Herbrand-Godel-computability, register machines, and random access machines. Recursion theory is gone into a little more deeply, including the s-m-n theorem, the recursion theorem, and Rice's Theorem. (2) The proofs of the Incompleteness Theorems are now based upon the Diagonalization Lemma. Lob's Theorem and its connection with Godel's Second Theorem are also studied. (3) In Chapter 2, Quantification Theory, Henkin's proof of the completeness theorem has been postponed until the reader has gained more experience in proof techniques. The exposition of the proof itself has been improved by breaking it down into smaller pieces and using the notion of a scapegoat theory. There is also an entirely new section on semantic trees.
Author : Daniel Gallin
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 148327473X
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Intensional and Higher-Order Modal Logic written by Daniel Gallin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North-Holland Mathematics Studies, 19: Intensional and Higher-Order Modal Logic: With Applications to Montague Semantics focuses on an approach to the problem of providing a precise account of natural language syntax and semantics, including the set-theoretic semantical methods, Boolean models, and two-sorted type theory. The book first offers information on intensional logic and alternative formulations of intensional logic. Topics include two-sorted type theory, normal forms, extensions and intensional logic, modal T-logic, persistence in intensional logic, generalized completeness of intensional logic, and natural language and intensional logic. The text then examines higher-order modal logic and algebraic semantics. Discussions focus on Cohen's independence results, topological models of MLp, modal independence results, Boolean models of MLp, relative strength of intensional logic and MLp, propositional operators, modal predicate logic, and propositions in MLp. The monograph is a valuable reference for mathematicians and researchers interested in intensional and higher-order modal logic.
Author : Elliott Mendelson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780412808302
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Fourth Edition written by Elliott Mendelson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-06-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Edition of this long-established text retains all the key features of the previous editions, covering the basic topics of a solid first course in mathematical logic. This edition includes an extensive appendix on second-order logic, a section on set theory with urlements, and a section on the logic that results when we allow models with empty domains. The text contains numerous exercises and an appendix furnishes answers to many of them. Introduction to Mathematical Logic includes: propositional logic first-order logic first-order number theory and the incompleteness and undecidability theorems of Gödel, Rosser, Church, and Tarski axiomatic set theory theory of computability The study of mathematical logic, axiomatic set theory, and computability theory provides an understanding of the fundamental assumptions and proof techniques that form basis of mathematics. Logic and computability theory have also become indispensable tools in theoretical computer science, including artificial intelligence. Introduction to Mathematical Logic covers these topics in a clear, reader-friendly style that will be valued by anyone working in computer science as well as lecturers and researchers in mathematics, philosophy, and related fields.
Author : Raymond L. Wilder
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486276201
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (862 download)
Download or read book Introduction to the Foundations of Mathematics written by Raymond L. Wilder and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classic undergraduate text acquaints students with fundamental concepts and methods of mathematics. Topics include axiomatic method, set theory, infinite sets, groups, intuitionism, formal systems, mathematical logic, and much more. 1965 second edition.
Author : John Lane Bell
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198532415
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (324 download)
Download or read book Boolean-valued Models and Independence Proofs in Set Theory written by John Lane Bell and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Makkai
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540371001
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book First Order Categorical Logic written by M. Makkai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-11-15 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
