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Signal Transduction And Transcriptional Regulation In The Response To Type I Interferon
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Book Synopsis Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Regulation in the Response to Type I Interferon by : Daniel Solomon Kessler
Download or read book Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Regulation in the Response to Type I Interferon written by Daniel Solomon Kessler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Type I Interferon Signal Transduction by : Julien Johannes Ghislain
Download or read book Type I Interferon Signal Transduction written by Julien Johannes Ghislain and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Type I interferons (IFNs), including IFN-alpha, -beta and -omega (IFN-$\alpha/\beta/\omega),$ bind to a receptor consisting of the IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 transmembrane subunits and the intracellular kinases, Tyk2 and Jak1. Following ligand binding, the kinases activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. STAT complexes formed in response to Type I IFNs regulate transcription by binding to enhancer elements in the promoters of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). The interferon stimulated gene factor-3 (ISGF3), which consists of Stat2, Stat1 and an adapter protein, p48, binds to the interferon stimulated response element (ISRE). In addition, several other STAT complexes are formed that bind to the palindromic interferon response element (pIRE). The glycosphingolipids (GSLs) globotriaosylceramide (Gb$\sb3$) and galabiosylceramide (Gb$\sb2$) are receptors for the Escherichia coli derived subunit toxin, Verocytotoxin (VT-1). Interestingly, the Gb$\sb2$/Gb$\sb3$ binding subunit of VT-1 exhibits sequence identity with the extracellular region of IFNAR1. Consistent with earlier studies, evidence is provided that low levels of Gb$\sb2$/Gb$\sb3$ correlate with both a decreased responsiveness and binding capacity of cells for IFN-$\alpha.$ Using a fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of IFNAR1, preferential binding of IFNAR1 to Gb$\sb2$ was demonstrated. These results suggest that an association of IFNAR1 with Gb$\sb2$/Gb$\sb3$ facilitates receptor-mediated signaling. Exploiting the species specificity of the ligand-receptor interaction identified for Type I IFNs, experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of IFNAR1 in IFN-induced signaling. Murine cells expressing human IFNAR1 are deficient in the human Type I IFN response. However, murine cells containing human chromosome 21, encoding IFNAR1, are responsive to all human subtypes. The increased response may be explained in part by the chromosomal location of the second receptor chain, IFNAR2, on chromosome 21. Nevertheless, studies with human MRC-5 cells, expressing all known components of the Type I IFN signaling pathway, reveal that an additional factor(s) that modulates ligand binding, may be required for a full biological response. In an attempt to identify all DNA-binding STAT complexes formed in response to Type I IFNs, a biochemical procedure was developed, based on genomic DNA affinity chromatography (GDAC). Using this approach, an IFN-$\alpha$-inducible ISGF3-independent Stat2 containing STAT complex was identified. In parallel, coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed the IFN-dependent formation of both Stat2:1 and Stat2:3 complexes. The Stat2:1 complex exhibited pIRE binding activity in the mobility shift/Western assay. In studies that employed cyclic amplification and selection of targets (CASTing), the data indicate that Stat2:1 complexes bind with highest affinity to the consensus pIRE. Therefore, in addition to ISGF3, IFN-$\alpha$ activates multiple Stat2-containing STAT complexes that may regulate gene expression by binding to the pIRE.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation in the Interferon System by : Ganes C. Sen
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation in the Interferon System written by Ganes C. Sen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides detailed information about the signal transduction pathways used by interferons to activate gene transcription. In addition, this book discusses how the same pathways are used by many other cytokines and thus provide a forum for cross-talk among these important biological response modifiers. Additionally, the book introduces the interferon system and describes the interferon-inducible genes whose products are responsible for the cellular actions of interferons. The nature of the interferon receptors and how the transcriptional signals are transmitted from the receptors on the cell surface to the genes in the nucleus are discussed in detail. Finally, the use of similar pathways of signal transduction by other cytokines is highlighted.
Book Synopsis Characterisation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Regulation of Type I Interferon Signaling by : Rebecca Piganis
Download or read book Characterisation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Regulation of Type I Interferon Signaling written by Rebecca Piganis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type I Interferons (IFNs) are critical players in host innate and adaptive immunity. IFN signaling is tightly controlled to ensure an appropriate immune response is generated, as an imbalance could result in uncontrolled inflammation or inadequate responses to infection. It is therefore important to understand the signaling events activated in the cell following type I IFN stimulation and how signaling is regulated. SOCS1 is a negative regulator of type I IFN signaling, acting in a negative feedback loop. This thesis details the mechanism of SOCS1 regulation of type I IFN signaling as well as the consequences of this regulation in terms of its effect on IFN[alpha] induced STAT activation and the resultant transcriptional response. Results in this thesis demonstrate that SOCS1 inhibits type I IFN signaling through an interaction with the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1) associated kinase, TYK2. SOCS1 associates via its SH2 domain with conserved phospho-tyrosines 1054 and 1055 of TYK2 as well with the kinase inhibitor region (KIR). TYK2 is preferentially Lys-63 polyubiquitinated and this activation reaction is inhibited by SOCS1. The consequent effect of SOCS1 inhibition of TYK2 not only results in a reduced IFN response due to inhibition of TYK2 kinase mediated STAT signaling, but also negatively impacts IFNAR1 surface expression which is stabilised by TYK2. The STAT family of transcription factors are major mediators of the type I IFN response. This thesis demonstrates STAT activation by the type I IFNs occurs in a cell-type specific manner. STAT1 is up-regulated by type I IFN in a broad range of immune cell types including thymic and peripheral T-cells, B-cells and macrphages whereas activation of STAT3 and STAT5 is more confined to the thymic T-cells. Type I IFN stimulation of thymic cells results in rapid phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 and the resultant transcriptional response results in the up-regulation of an array of genes involved in innate defence. The promoter regions of these genes are enriched in ISGF3, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 binding elements. Results of this thesis demonstrate that the downstream consequence of SOCS1 action is to suppress IFN induced STAT activation and subsequent gene induction. We found SOCS1 selectively regulates STAT phosphorylation in response to IFN[alpha]. The activation profile of STAT1 and STAT3 is altered by SOCS1, whereas STAT5 is independent of this regulation. Using microarray expression profiling, we identified subsets of IFN stimulated genes regulated by SOCS1. Promoter analysis of these gene sets identifies transcription factor enrichment of numerous ISGF3, STAT1 and STAT3 binding sites but not STAT5. These results support a model whereby SOCS1 negative regulation of type I IFN signaling selectively modulates the activation profile of STAT1 and STAT3 and consequent gene induction. These studies have mapped specific pathways of IFN regulation from the receptor component to transcription factor activation and interferon regulated gene induction. I demonstrate that SOCS1 selectively interacts with the IFNAR1 associated kinase, TYK2 and regulates the signaling of a subset of IFN activated STATs and IFN/STAT regulated genes. These findings therefore enhance our understanding of type I IFN signaling and its regulation by SOCS1 and provide the foundation for future therapies to select for specific type I IFN signaling pathways.
Book Synopsis Interferons and Other Regulatory Cytokines by : E. M. DeMaeyer
Download or read book Interferons and Other Regulatory Cytokines written by E. M. DeMaeyer and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1988 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a presentation of the state-of-knowledge of interferons (IFNs) providing a synthetic overview of the role and significance of IFNs in health and disease. Treatment is placed in a broad biological context including much up-to-date background information on the different systems (eg oncogenes or T cell function) that are under the influence of IFNs. This approach makes the book accessible to those not directly involved in IFN research. Coverage also includes other cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta, and the various interleukins.
Book Synopsis Developmental Regulation of Interferon-gamma Signal Transduction in Macrophages by : Joyce E. S. Doan
Download or read book Developmental Regulation of Interferon-gamma Signal Transduction in Macrophages written by Joyce E. S. Doan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interferon-alpha Immunotherapy of Melanoma: Signal Transduction, Gene Transcription, and the Role of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins in Immune Cells by : Jason M. Zimmerer
Download or read book Interferon-alpha Immunotherapy of Melanoma: Signal Transduction, Gene Transcription, and the Role of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins in Immune Cells written by Jason M. Zimmerer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These reports are the first to characterize the dependence of STAT1 in mediating the transcriptional response of immune cells to IFN-alpha. In addition, the studies remain the first to define the transcriptional response of immune subsets to IFN-alpha and to characterize the transcriptional profiles of PBMCs from melanoma patients undergoing IFN-alpha immunotherapy. We also determined that microarray analysis of patient PBMCs following in vitro stimulation with IFN-alpha may be a useful predictor of the individual response to IFN-alpha immunotherapy. Finally, the optimization of the dose of IFN-alpha administration and the modulation of SOCS activity may allow for a greater efficacy of IFN-alpha immunotherapy.
Book Synopsis Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death by : Ayse Basak Engin
Download or read book Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death written by Ayse Basak Engin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein phosphorylation via protein kinases is an inevitable process that alters physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Thus, protein kinases play key roles in the regulation of cell life or death decisions. Protein kinases are frequently a driving factor in a variety of human diseases including aging and cellular senescence, immune system and endothelial dysfunctions, cancers, insulin resistance, cholestasis and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as bacterial resistance in persistent infections. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics provide important opinions on kinase inhibitor selectivity and their modes of action in the biological context. Protein Kinase-mediated Decisions Between Life and Death aims to have the reader catch insights about up-to-date opinions on “Protein Kinases” related pathways that threaten human health and life. As “Protein Kinases” are related to many health problems, clinicians, basic science researchers and students need this information. Chapter “Signal Transduction in Immune Cells and Protein Kinases” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Type I Interferon Effects During Viral Infections by Altering Accessibility of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factors by : Rachelle Salomon
Download or read book Regulation of Type I Interferon Effects During Viral Infections by Altering Accessibility of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factors written by Rachelle Salomon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autophagy Regulation of Innate Immunity by : Jun Cui
Download or read book Autophagy Regulation of Innate Immunity written by Jun Cui and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses novel concepts and discoveries concerning the regulation of innate immunity by autophagy and autophagy-related proteins. In the past decade, there have been major advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its physiological functions. This book highlights emerging studies on the underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation of innate immunity, including inflammation, antiviral immunity and anti-bacterial responses and the signaling pathways that prompt or inhibit the initiation and progression of related diseases. It also offers new ideas and strategies for future drugs based on manipulating autophagy, especially selective autophagy mediated by cargo receptors. Providing a comprehensive overview of the autophagy regulation of innate immunity, it is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields of immunology, cell biology and translational medicine.
Book Synopsis Measuring Immunity by : Michael T. Lotze
Download or read book Measuring Immunity written by Michael T. Lotze and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-04 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the diseases of modern mankind involve either acute or chronic inflammation. Measuring Immunity integrates the current information available on biomarkers and surrogate assays into a single handbook. It highlights the principles behind various applications, gives a brief summary on how they are conducted and provides detailed and critical analyses of murine models of immunity, clinical trials, and tests to predict utility and benefit. Measuring Immunity is indispensable for scientists and clinicians interested in the clinical applications of modern immunobiology. * Defines which assays of immune function are helpful in the assessment of clinical disorders involving inflammation and immunity* Assesses the dynamics of cellular and soluble factors in the peripheral blood using modern techniques * Includes basic science foundations as well as the approaches currently applied
Book Synopsis Nuclear Trafficking by : Carl Feldherr
Download or read book Nuclear Trafficking written by Carl Feldherr and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Trafficking is a summary of the state of knowledge in nuclear trafficking, and is organized into five parts. The book begins by discussing the diffusion and signal-mediated transport through the pores. It then looks into the detailed accounts of pore structure and composition, nuclear localization signals, signal binding proteins, RNA efflux, and biochemical factors influencing nucleocytoplasmic exchange. This book will be very useful to those people new to this field of interest.
Book Synopsis Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity by : Stefan Bauer
Download or read book Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity written by Stefan Bauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall recent research on TLRs has led to tremendous increase in our understanding of early steps in pathogen recognition and will presumably lead to potent TLR targeting therapeutics in the future. This book reviews and highlights our recent understanding on the function and ligands of TLRs as well as their role in autoimmunity, dendritic cell activation and target structures for therapeutic intervention.
Book Synopsis The Evolution of the Immune System by : Davide Malagoli
Download or read book The Evolution of the Immune System written by Davide Malagoli and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Evolution of the Immune System: Conservation and Diversification is the first book of its kind that prompts a new perspective when describing and considering the evolution of the immune system. Its unique approach summarizes, updates, and provides new insights on the different immune receptors, soluble factors, and immune cell effectors. Helps the reader gain a modern idea of the evolution of the immune systems in pluricellular organisms Provides a complete overview of the most studied and hot topics in comparative and evolutionary immunology Reflects the organisation of the immune system (cell-based, humoral [innate], humoral [adaptive]) without introducing further and misleading levels of organization Brings concepts and ideas on the evolution of the immune system to a wide readership
Book Synopsis Biological DNA Sensor by : Ken Ishii
Download or read book Biological DNA Sensor written by Ken Ishii and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological DNA Sensor defines the meaning of DNA sensing pathways and demonstrates the importance of the innate immune responses induced by double stranded DNA (dsDNA) through its influencing functions in disease pathology and immune activity of adjuvants for vaccines. Though discussed in specific subsections of existing books, dsDNA and its immunogenic properties has never received the complete treatment given in this book. Biological DNA Sensor approaches the impact of dsDNA's immunogenicity on disease and vaccinology holistically. It paints a complete and concise picture on the topic so you can understand this area of study and make more informed choices for your respective research needs. Chapters are authored by researchers who are renowned for their research focus, ensuring that this book provides the most complete views on the topics. Multi-authored by a distinguished panel of world-class experts Ideal source of information for those wanting to learn about DNA sensing Provides in-depth explanations of DNA sensing pathways and the innate immune system, bridging the gap between them
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Book Synopsis Interferons and Their Actions by : William E. Stewart
Download or read book Interferons and Their Actions written by William E. Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
