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Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals

Author : Charles Lessard
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016106
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals by : Charles Lessard

Download or read book Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals written by Charles Lessard and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lecture book is intended to be an accessible and comprehensive introduction to random signal processing with an emphasis on the real-world applications of biosignals. Although the material has been written and developed primarily for advanced undergraduate biomedical engineering students it will also be of interest to engineers and interested biomedical professionals of any discipline seeking an introduction to the field. Within education, most biomedical engineering programs are aimed to provide the knowledge required of a graduate student while undergraduate programs are geared toward designing circuits and of evaluating only the cardiac signals. Very few programs teach the processes with which to evaluate brainwave, sleep, respiratory sounds, heart valve sounds, electromyograms, electro-oculograms, or random signals acquired from the body. The primary goal of this lecture book is to help the reader understand the time and frequency domain processes which may be used and to evaluate random physiological signals. A secondary goal is to learn the evaluation of actual mammalian data without spending most the time writing software programs. This publication utilizes “DADiSP”, a digital signal processing software, from the DSP Development Corporation.

Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals

Author : Charles Stephen Lessard
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 159829038X
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals by : Charles Stephen Lessard

Download or read book Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals written by Charles Stephen Lessard and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations of BioSignal Processing presents the most widely used techniques in signal and system analysis. Specifically, the book is concerned with methods of characterizing signals and systems. Author Charles Lessard provides students and researchers an understanding of the time and frequency domain processes which may be used to evaluate random physiological signals such as brainwave, sleep, respiratory sounds, heart valve sounds, electromyograms, and electro-oculograms.Another aim of the book is to have the students evaluate actual mammalian data without spending most or all of their time writing software programs. Lessard recommends the DADiSP digital signal processing software, which allows students to view process steps in a real-time window with little training. Extensive programming ability is not necessary if an individual wishes to apply basic signal processing principles. However, individuals should have sufficient working knowledge of mathematics through calculus, some physiology, and be familiar with the elements of circuit theory (both loop and node equations for passive and active circuits).

Signal Processing Of Random Physiological Signals

Author : Charles Stephen Lessard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781598293715
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (937 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing Of Random Physiological Signals by : Charles Stephen Lessard

Download or read book Signal Processing Of Random Physiological Signals written by Charles Stephen Lessard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Signal Processing for Neuroscientists

Author : Wim van Drongelen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012810483X
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing for Neuroscientists by : Wim van Drongelen

Download or read book Signal Processing for Neuroscientists written by Wim van Drongelen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal Processing for Neuroscientists, Second Edition provides an introduction to signal processing and modeling for those with a modest understanding of algebra, trigonometry and calculus. With a robust modeling component, this book describes modeling from the fundamental level of differential equations all the way up to practical applications in neuronal modeling. It features nine new chapters and an exercise section developed by the author. Since the modeling of systems and signal analysis are closely related, integrated presentation of these topics using identical or similar mathematics presents a didactic advantage and a significant resource for neuroscientists with quantitative interest. Although each of the topics introduced could fill several volumes, this book provides a fundamental and uncluttered background for the non-specialist scientist or engineer to not only get applications started, but also evaluate more advanced literature on signal processing and modeling. Includes an introduction to biomedical signals, noise characteristics, recording techniques, and the more advanced topics of linear, nonlinear and multi-channel systems analysis Features new chapters on the fundamentals of modeling, application to neuronal modeling, Kalman filter, multi-taper power spectrum estimation, and practice exercises Contains the basics and background for more advanced topics in extensive notes and appendices Includes practical examples of algorithm development and implementation in MATLAB Features a companion website with MATLAB scripts, data files, figures and video lectures

Signal Processing for Neuroscientists

Author : Wim van Drongelen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780123708670
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing for Neuroscientists by : Wim van Drongelen

Download or read book Signal Processing for Neuroscientists written by Wim van Drongelen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal Processing for Neuroscientists introduces analysis techniques primarily aimed at neuroscientists and biomedical engineering students with a reasonable but modest background in mathematics, physics, and computer programming. The focus of this text is on what can be considered the 'golden trio' in the signal processing field: averaging, Fourier analysis, and filtering. Techniques such as convolution, correlation, coherence, and wavelet analysis are considered in the context of time and frequency domain analysis. The whole spectrum of signal analysis is covered, ranging from data acquisition to data processing; and from the mathematical background of the analysis to the practical application of processing algorithms. Overall, the approach to the mathematics is informal with a focus on basic understanding of the methods and their interrelationships rather than detailed proofs or derivations. One of the principle goals is to provide the reader with the background required to understand the principles of commercially available analyses software, and to allow him/her to construct his/her own analysis tools in an environment such as MATLAB®. * Multiple color illustrations are integrated in the text * Includes an introduction to biomedical signals, noise characteristics, and recording techniques * Basics and background for more advanced topics can be found in extensive notes and appendices * A Companion Website hosts the MATLAB scripts and several data files: http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companion.jsp?ISBN=9780123708670

Strategic Health Technology Incorporation

Author : Binseng Wang
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608451240
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Health Technology Incorporation by : Binseng Wang

Download or read book Strategic Health Technology Incorporation written by Binseng Wang and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology is essential to the delivery of health care but it is still only a tool that needs to be deployed wisely to ensure beneficial outcomes at reasonable costs. Among various categories of health technology, medical equipment has the unique distinction of requiring both high initial investments and costly maintenance during its entire useful life. This characteristic does not, however, imply that medical equipment is more costly than other categories, provided that it is managed properly. The foundation of a sound technology management process is the planning and acquisition of equipment, collectively called technology incorporation. This lecture presents a rational, strategic process for technology incorporation based on experience, some successful and many unsuccessful, accumulated in industrialized and developing countries over the last three decades. The planning step is focused on establishing a Technology Incorporation Plan (TIP) using data collected from an audit of existing technology, evaluating needs, impacts, costs, and benefits, and consolidating the information collected for decision making. The acquisition step implements TIP by selecting equipment based on technical, regulatory, financial, and supplier considerations, and procuring it using one of the multiple forms of purchasing or agreements with suppliers. This incorporation process is generic enough to be used, with suitable adaptations, for a wide variety of health organizations with different sizes and acuity levels, ranging from health clinics to community hospitals to major teaching hospitals and even to entire health systems. Such a broadly applicable process is possible because it is based on a conceptual framework composed of in-depth analysis of the basic principles that govern each stage of technology lifecycle. Using this incorporation process, successful TIPs have been created and implemented, thereby contributing to the improvement of healthcare services and limiting the associated expenses. Table of Contents: Introduction / Conceptual Framework / The Incorporation Process / Discussion / Conclusions

Physiological Signal Processing, Modelling and System Implementation in Cardiography, Speech and Hearing

Author : R. H. Mitchell
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9782881249914
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (499 download)

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Book Synopsis Physiological Signal Processing, Modelling and System Implementation in Cardiography, Speech and Hearing by : R. H. Mitchell

Download or read book Physiological Signal Processing, Modelling and System Implementation in Cardiography, Speech and Hearing written by R. H. Mitchell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Signals and Systems in Biomedical Engineering: Physiological Systems Modeling and Signal Processing

Author : Suresh R. Devasahayam
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811335311
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Signals and Systems in Biomedical Engineering: Physiological Systems Modeling and Signal Processing by : Suresh R. Devasahayam

Download or read book Signals and Systems in Biomedical Engineering: Physiological Systems Modeling and Signal Processing written by Suresh R. Devasahayam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-29 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiology is a set of processes that maintain homeostasis, and physiological measurement is a means of observing these processes. Systems theory and signal processing offer formal tools for the study of processes and measured quantities. This book shows that systems modeling can be used to develop simulations of physiological systems, which use formal relations between the underlying processes and the observed measurements. The inverse of such relations suggest signal processing tools that can be applied to interpret experimental data. Both signal processing and systems modeling are invaluable in the study of human physiology. Discussing signal processing techniques ranging from filtering and spectrum analysis to wavelet analysis, the book uses graphs and analogies to supplement the mathematics and make the book more accessible to physiologists and more interesting to engineers. Physiological systems modeling helps in both gaining insight and generating methods of analysis. This book shows how numerical computation with graphical display, haptics and multimedia can be used to simulate physiological systems. In this third edition the simulations are more closely related to clinical examination and experimental physiology than in previous editions. Detailed models of nerve and muscle at the cellular and systemic levels, and simplified models of cardiovascular blood flow provide examples for the mathematical methods and computer simulations. Several of the models are sufficiently sophisticated to be of value in understanding real world issues like neuromuscular disease. The book features expanded problem sets and a link to extra downloadable material containing simulation programs that are solutions to the theory developed in the text.

Physiological Computing Systems

Author : Hugo Plácido da Silva
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662456869
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Physiological Computing Systems by : Hugo Plácido da Silva

Download or read book Physiological Computing Systems written by Hugo Plácido da Silva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Conference on Physiological Computing Systems, PhyCS 2014, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in January 2014. The 10 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: methodologies and methods; devices; applications; and human factors.

Biomedical Signal Analysis

Author : Rangaraj M. Rangayyan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119825857
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomedical Signal Analysis by : Rangaraj M. Rangayyan

Download or read book Biomedical Signal Analysis written by Rangaraj M. Rangayyan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-03-12 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical Signal Analysis Comprehensive resource covering recent developments, applications of current interest, and advanced techniques for biomedical signal analysis Biomedical Signal Analysis provides extensive insight into digital signal processing techniques for filtering, identification, characterization, classification, and analysis of biomedical signals with the aim of computer-aided diagnosis, taking a unique approach by presenting case studies encountered in the authors’ research work. Each chapter begins with the statement of a biomedical signal problem, followed by a selection of real-life case studies and illustrations with the associated signals. Signal processing, modeling, or analysis techniques are then presented, starting with relatively simple “textbook” methods, followed by more sophisticated research-informed approaches. Each chapter concludes with solutions to practical applications. Illustrations of real-life biomedical signals and their derivatives are included throughout. The third edition expands on essential background material and advanced topics without altering the underlying pedagogical approach and philosophy of the successful first and second editions. The book is enhanced by a large number of study questions and laboratory exercises as well as an online repository with solutions to problems and data files for laboratory work and projects. Biomedical Signal Analysis provides theoretical and practical information on: The origin and characteristics of several biomedical signals Analysis of concurrent, coupled, and correlated processes, with applications in monitoring of sleep apnea Filtering for removal of artifacts, random noise, structured noise, and physiological interference in signals generated by stationary, nonstationary, and cyclostationary processes Detection and characterization of events, covering methods for QRS detection, identification of heart sounds, and detection of the dicrotic notch Analysis of waveshape and waveform complexity Interpretation and analysis of biomedical signals in the frequency domain Mathematical, electrical, mechanical, and physiological modeling of biomedical signals and systems Sophisticated analysis of nonstationary, multicomponent, and multisource signals using wavelets, time-frequency representations, signal decomposition, and dictionary-learning methods Pattern classification and computer-aided diagnosis Biomedical Signal Analysis is an ideal learning resource for senior undergraduate and graduate engineering students. Introductory sections on signals, systems, and transforms make this book accessible to students in disciplines other than electrical engineering.

Signal Processing for Neuroscientists, A Companion Volume

Author : Wim van Drongelen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123849160
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing for Neuroscientists, A Companion Volume by : Wim van Drongelen

Download or read book Signal Processing for Neuroscientists, A Companion Volume written by Wim van Drongelen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of signal processing in neuroscience is increasing, and with the current availability and development of computer hardware and software, it is anticipated that the current growth will continue. Because electrode fabrication has improved and measurement equipment is getting less expensive, electrophysiological measurements with large numbers of channels are now very common. In addition, neuroscience has entered the age of light, and fluorescence measurements are fully integrated into the researcher’s toolkit. Because each image in a movie contains multiple pixels, these measurements are multi-channel by nature. Furthermore, the availability of both generic and specialized software packages for data analysis has altered the neuroscientist’s attitude toward some of the more complex analysis techniques. This book is a companion to the previously published Signal Processing for Neuroscientists: An Introduction to the Analysis of Physiological Signals, which introduced readers to the basic concepts. It discusses several advanced techniques, rediscovers methods to describe nonlinear systems, and examines the analysis of multi-channel recordings. Covers the more advanced topics of linear and nonlinear systems analysis and multi-channel analysis Includes practical examples implemented in MATLAB Provides multiple references to the basics to help the student

Phonocardiography Signal Processing

Author : Abbas K. Abbas
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016378
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Phonocardiography Signal Processing by : Abbas K. Abbas

Download or read book Phonocardiography Signal Processing written by Abbas K. Abbas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The auscultation method is an important diagnostic indicator for hemodynamic anomalies. Heart sound classification and analysis play an important role in the auscultative diagnosis. The term phonocardiography refers to the tracing technique of heart sounds and the recording of cardiac acoustics vibration by means of a microphone-transducer. Therefore, understanding the nature and source of this signal is important to give us a tendency for developing a competent tool for further analysis and processing, in order to enhance and optimize cardiac clinical diagnostic approach. This book gives the reader an inclusive view of the main aspects in phonocardiography signal processing. Table of Contents: Introduction to Phonocardiography Signal Processing / Phonocardiography Acoustics Measurement / PCG Signal Processing Framework / Phonocardiography Wavelets Analysis / Phonocardiography Spectral Analysis / PCG Pattern Classification / Special Application of Phonocardiography / Phonocardiography Acoustic Imaging and Mapping

Quantitative EEG Analysis Methods and Clinical Applications

Author : Shanbao Tong
Publisher : Artech House
ISBN 13 : 1596932058
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (969 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative EEG Analysis Methods and Clinical Applications by : Shanbao Tong

Download or read book Quantitative EEG Analysis Methods and Clinical Applications written by Shanbao Tong and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2009 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative volume provides an overview of basic and advanced techniques used in quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis. The book provides a wide range of mathematical tools used in qEEG, from single channel discriptors to the interactions among multi-channel EEG analysis. Moreover, you find coverage of the latest and most popular application in the field, including mental and neurological disease detection/monitoring, physiological and cognitive phenomena research, and fMRI.

Digital Image Processing for Ophthalmology

Author : Xiaolu Zhu
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016491
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Image Processing for Ophthalmology by : Xiaolu Zhu

Download or read book Digital Image Processing for Ophthalmology written by Xiaolu Zhu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundus images of the retina are color images of the eye taken by specially designed digital cameras. Ophthalmologists rely on fundus images to diagnose various diseases that affect the eye, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. A crucial preliminary step in the analysis of retinal images is the identification and localization of important anatomical structures, such as the optic nerve head (ONH), the macula, and the major vascular arcades. Identification of the ONH is an important initial step in the detection and analysis of the anatomical structures and pathological features in the retina. Different types of retinal pathology may be detected and analyzed via the application of appropriately designed techniques of digital image processing and pattern recognition. Computer-aided analysis of retinal images has the potential to facilitate quantitative and objective analysis of retinal lesions and abnormalities. Accurate identification and localization of retinal features and lesions could contribute to improved diagnosis, treatment, and management of retinopathy. This book presents an introduction to diagnostic imaging of the retina and an overview of image processing techniques for ophthalmology. In particular, digital image processing algorithms and pattern analysis techniques for the detection of the ONH are described. In fundus images, the ONH usually appears as a bright region, white or yellow in color, and is indicated as the convergent area of the network of blood vessels. Use of the geometrical and intensity characteristics of the ONH, as well as the property that the ONH represents the location of entrance of the blood vessels and the optic nerve into the retina, is demonstrated in developing the methods. The image processing techniques described in the book include morphological filters for preprocessing fundus images, filters for edge detection, the Hough transform for the detection of lines and circles, Gabor filters to detect the blood vessels, and phase portrait analysis for the detection of convergent or node-like patterns. Illustrations of application of the methods to fundus images from two publicly available databases are presented, in terms of locating the center and the boundary of the ONH. Methods for quantitative evaluation of the results of detection of the ONH using measures of overlap and free-response receiver operating characteristics are also described. Table of Contents: Introduction / Computer-aided Analysis of Images of the Retina / Detection of Geometrical Patterns / Datasets and Experimental Setup / Detection of the\\Optic Nerve Head\\Using the Hough Transform / Detection of the\\Optic Nerve Head\\Using Phase Portraits / Concluding Remarks

Signal Processing for Neuroscientists

Author : Wim van Drongelen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080467757
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (677 download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing for Neuroscientists by : Wim van Drongelen

Download or read book Signal Processing for Neuroscientists written by Wim van Drongelen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal Processing for Neuroscientists introduces analysis techniques primarily aimed at neuroscientists and biomedical engineering students with a reasonable but modest background in mathematics, physics, and computer programming. The focus of this text is on what can be considered the ‘golden trio’ in the signal processing field: averaging, Fourier analysis, and filtering. Techniques such as convolution, correlation, coherence, and wavelet analysis are considered in the context of time and frequency domain analysis. The whole spectrum of signal analysis is covered, ranging from data acquisition to data processing; and from the mathematical background of the analysis to the practical application of processing algorithms. Overall, the approach to the mathematics is informal with a focus on basic understanding of the methods and their interrelationships rather than detailed proofs or derivations. One of the principle goals is to provide the reader with the background required to understand the principles of commercially available analyses software, and to allow him/her to construct his/her own analysis tools in an environment such as MATLAB®. Multiple color illustrations are integrated in the text Includes an introduction to biomedical signals, noise characteristics, and recording techniques Basics and background for more advanced topics can be found in extensive notes and appendices A Companion Website hosts the MATLAB scripts and several data files: http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companion.jsp?ISBN=9780123708670

Digital Image Processing for Ophthalmology

Author : Faraz Oloumi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016602
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Image Processing for Ophthalmology by : Faraz Oloumi

Download or read book Digital Image Processing for Ophthalmology written by Faraz Oloumi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monitoring of the effects of retinopathy on the visual system can be assisted by analyzing the vascular architecture of the retina. This book presents methods based on Gabor filters to detect blood vessels in fundus images of the retina. Forty images of the retina from the Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE) database were used to evaluate the performance of the methods. The results demonstrate high efficiency in the detection of blood vessels with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96. Monitoring the openness of the major temporal arcade (MTA) could facilitate improved diagnosis and optimized treatment of retinopathy. This book presents methods for the detection and modeling of the MTA, including the generalized Hough transform to detect parabolic forms. Results obtained with 40 images of the DRIVE database, compared with hand-drawn traces of the MTA, indicate a mean distance to the closest point of about 0.24mm. This book illustrates applications of the methods mentioned above for the analysis of the effects of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity on retinal vascular architecture.

Analysis of Oriented Texture with application to the Detection of Architectural Distortion in Mammograms

Author : Fabio Ayres
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016475
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Oriented Texture with application to the Detection of Architectural Distortion in Mammograms by : Fabio Ayres

Download or read book Analysis of Oriented Texture with application to the Detection of Architectural Distortion in Mammograms written by Fabio Ayres and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of oriented features in images often conveys important information about the scene or the objects contained; the analysis of oriented patterns is an important task in the general framework of image understanding. As in many other applications of computer vision, the general framework for the understanding of oriented features in images can be divided into low- and high-level analysis. In the context of the study of oriented features, low-level analysis includes the detection of oriented features in images; a measure of the local magnitude and orientation of oriented features over the entire region of analysis in the image is called the orientation field. High-level analysis relates to the discovery of patterns in the orientation field, usually by associating the structure perceived in the orientation field with a geometrical model. This book presents an analysis of several important methods for the detection of oriented features in images, and a discussion of the phase portrait method for high-level analysis of orientation fields. In order to illustrate the concepts developed throughout the book, an application is presented of the phase portrait method to computer-aided detection of architectural distortion in mammograms. Table of Contents: Detection of Oriented Features in Images / Analysis of Oriented Patterns Using Phase Portraits / Optimization Techniques / Detection of Sites of Architectural Distortion in Mammograms