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Signal Detection For Medical Scientists
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Book Synopsis Signal Detection for Medical Scientists by : Ram Tiwari
Download or read book Signal Detection for Medical Scientists written by Ram Tiwari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal Detection for Medical Scientists: Likelihood Ratio Based Test-Based Methodology presents the data mining techniques with focus on likelihood ratio test (LRT) based methods for signal detection. It emphasizes computational aspect of LRT methodology and is pertinent for first-time researchers and graduate students venturing into this interesting field. The book is written as a reference book for professionals in pharmaceutical industry, manufactures of medical devices, and regulatory agencies. The book deals with the signal detection in drug/device evaluation, which is important in the post-market evaluation of medical products, and in the pre-market signal detection during clinical trials for monitoring procedures. It should also appeal to academic researchers, and faculty members in mathematics, statistics, biostatistics, data science, pharmacology, engineering, epidemiology, and public health. Therefore, this book is well suited for both research and teaching. Key Features: Includes a balanced discussion of art of data structure, issues in signal detection, statistical methods and analytics, and implementation of the methods. Provides a comprehensive summary of the LRT methods for signal detection including the basic theory and extensions for varying datasets that may be large post-market data or pre-market clinical trial data. Contains details of scientific background, statistical methods, and associated algorithms that a reader can quickly master the materials and apply methods in the book on one’s own problems
Author :Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) Publisher :Cioms ISBN 13 :9789290360827 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (68 download)
Book Synopsis Practical Aspects of Signal Detection in Pharmacovigilance by : Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)
Download or read book Practical Aspects of Signal Detection in Pharmacovigilance written by Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) and published by Cioms. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years public expectations for rapid identification and prompt management of emerging drug safety issues have grown swiftly. Over a similar timeframe, the move from paper-based adverse event reporting systems to electronic capture and rapid transmission of data has resulted in the accrual of substantial datasets capable of complex analysis and querying by industry, regulators and other public health organizations. These two drivers have created a fertile environment for pharmacovigilance scientists, information technologists and statistical experts, working together, to deliver novel approaches to detect signals from these extensive and quickly growing datasets, and to manage them appropriately. In following this exciting story, this report looks at the practical consequences of these developments for pharmacovigilance practitioners. The report provides a comprehensive resource for those considering how to strengthen their pharmacovigilance systems and practices, and to give practical advice. But the report does not specify instant solutions. These will inevitably be situation specific and require careful consideration taking into account local needs. However, the CIOMS Working Group VIII is convinced that the combination of methods and a clear policy on the management of signals will strengthen current systems. Finally, in looking ahead, the report anticipates a number of ongoing developments, including techniques with wider applicability to other data forms than individual case reports. The ultimate test for pharmacovigilance systems is the demonstration of public health benefit and it is this test which signal detection methodologies need to meet if the expectations of all stakeholders are to be fulfilled.
Book Synopsis Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis in Psychology and Diagnostics by : John A. Swets
Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis in Psychology and Diagnostics written by John A. Swets and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal detection theory--as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory--was first applied to human sensory discrimination 40 years ago. The theoretical intent was to provide a valid model of the discrimination process; the methodological intent was to provide reliable measures of discrimination acuity in specific sensory tasks. An analytic method of detection theory, called the relative operating characteristic (ROC), can isolate the effect of the placement of the decision criterion, which may be variable and idiosyncratic, so that a pure measure of intrinsic discrimination acuity is obtained. For the past 20 years, ROC analysis has also been used to measure the discrimination acuity or inherent accuracy of a broad range of practical diagnostic systems. It was widely adopted by methodologists in the field of information retrieval, is increasingly used in weather forecasting, and is the generally preferred method in clinical medicine, primarily in radiology. This book attends to both themes, ROC analysis in the psychology laboratory and in practical diagnostic settings, and to their essential unity. The focus of this book is on detection and recognition as fundamental tasks that underlie most complex behaviors. As defined here, they serve to distinguish between two alternative, confusable stimulus categories, which may be perceptual or cognitive categories in the psychology laboratory, or different states of the world in practical diagnostic tasks. This book on signal detection theory in psychology was written by one of the developers of the theory, who co-authored with D.M. Green the classic work published in this area in 1966 (reprinted in 1974 and 1988). This volume reviews the history of the theory in engineering, statistics, and psychology, leading to the separate measurement of the two independent factors in all discrimination tasks, discrimination acuity and decision criterion. It extends the previous book to show how in several areas of psychology--in vigilance and memory--what had been thought to be discrimination effects were, in reality, effects of a changing criterion. The book shows that data plotted in terms of the relative operating characteristic have essentially the same form across the wide range of discrimination tasks in psychology. It develops the implications of this ROC form for measures of discrimination acuity, pointing up the valid ones and identifying several common, but invalid, ones. The area under the binormal ROC is seen to be supported by the data; the popular measures d' and percent correct are not. An appendix describes the best, current programs for fitting ROCs and estimating their parameters, indices, and standard errors. The application of ROC analysis to diagnostic tasks is also described. Diagnostic accuracy in a wide range of tasks can be expressed in terms of the ROC area index. Choosing the appropriate decision criterion for a given diagnostic setting--rather than considering some single criterion to be natural and fixed--has a major impact on the efficacy of a diagnostic process or system. Illustrated here by separate chapters are diagnostic systems in radiology, information retrieval, aptitude testing, survey research, and environments in which imminent dangerous conditions must be detected. Data from weather forecasting, blood testing, and polygraph lie detection are also reported. One of these chapters describes a general approach to enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic systems.
Book Synopsis Vigilance and Attention by : Jane F. Mackworth
Download or read book Vigilance and Attention written by Jane F. Mackworth and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309486165 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Book Synopsis Mann's Pharmacovigilance by : Elizabeth B. Andrews
Download or read book Mann's Pharmacovigilance written by Elizabeth B. Andrews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly Commended at the BMA Medical Book Awards 2015 Mann’s Pharmacovigilance is the definitive reference for the science of detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of the adverse effects of medicines, including vaccines and biologics. Pharmacovigilance is increasingly important in improving drug safety for patients and reducing risk within the practice of pharmaceutical medicine. This new third edition covers the regulatory basis and the practice of pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse event reporting throughout the world. It examines signal detection and analysis, including the use of population-based databases and pharmacoepidemiological methodologies to proactively monitor for and assess safety signals. It includes chapters on drug safety practice in specific organ classes, special populations and special products, and new developments in the field. From an international team of expert editors and contributors, Mann’s Pharmacovigilance is a reference for everyone working within pharmaceutical companies, contract research organisations and medicine regulatory agencies, and for all researchers and students of pharmaceutical medicine. The book has been renamed in honor of Professor Ronald Mann, whose vision and leadership brought the first two editions into being, and who dedicated his long career to improving the safety and safe use of medicines.
Book Synopsis A Primer of Signal Detection Theory by : Don McNicol
Download or read book A Primer of Signal Detection Theory written by Don McNicol and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-01-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Primer of Signal Detection Theory is being reprinted to fill the gap in literature on Signal Detection Theory--a theory that is still important in psychology, hearing, vision, audiology, and related subjects. This book is intended to present the methods of Signal Detection Theory to a person with a basic mathematical background. It assumes knowledge only of elementary algebra and elementary statistics. Symbols and terminology are kept at a basic level so that the eventual and hoped for transfer to a more advanced text will be accomplished as easily as possible. Intended for undergraduate students at an introductory level, the book is divided into two sections. The first part introduces the basic ideas of detection theory and its fundamental measures. Its aim is to enable the reader to be able to understand and compute these measures. It concludes with a detailed analysis of a typical experiment and a discussion of some of the problems which can arise for the potential user of detection theory. The second section considers three more advanced topics: threshold theory, the extension of detection theory, and an examination of Thurstonian scaling procedures.
Book Synopsis Science of the Placebo by : Harry Guess
Download or read book Science of the Placebo written by Harry Guess and published by BMJ Books. This book was released on 2002-03-15 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a meeting in November 2000, this book brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines to examine the biological, behavioral, social, cultural and ethical aspects related to the placebo effect. Perspectives on the necessity for including a placebo in randomized clinical trials will also be examined. This is the first attempt to examine the evidence-base of the placebo effect and will provide important information for clinicans.
Book Synopsis Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics by : David Marvin Green
Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics written by David Marvin Green and published by Peninsula Pub. This book was released on 1988-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the application of signal detection theory to the analysis an measurement of humn observer's sensor sysem. The theory provides a way to analyze what had been called the threshold or sensory limen, the basic unit of all discrimination studies, whether human or animal. The book outlines the theory of statisical decision making and its application to a variety of common psychophysical processes. It shows how signal detection theory can be used to separate sensory and decision aspects of responses in dicrimination. The concepts of the ideal observer and energy detector are presented and compared with human auditory detection data. Signal detection theory is appliced to a variety of other substanditive problemsin sensory psychology. Signal Detection Theory and Psychology is an invaluable book for psychologists dealing with sensory perception, especailly auditory, for psychologists studying discrimination in other cognitivie processes, and for human factor engineers dealing with man/machine interfaces.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation by : H. Vincent Poor
Download or read book An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation written by H. Vincent Poor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the basic theory of signal detection and estimation. It is assumed that the reader has a working knowledge of applied probabil ity and random processes such as that taught in a typical first-semester graduate engineering course on these subjects. This material is covered, for example, in the book by Wong (1983) in this series. More advanced concepts in these areas are introduced where needed, primarily in Chapters VI and VII, where continuous-time problems are treated. This book is adapted from a one-semester, second-tier graduate course taught at the University of Illinois. However, this material can also be used for a shorter or first-tier course by restricting coverage to Chapters I through V, which for the most part can be read with a background of only the basics of applied probability, including random vectors and conditional expectations. Sufficient background for the latter option is given for exam pIe in the book by Thomas (1986), also in this series.
Book Synopsis Pattern Recognition and Signal Analysis in Medical Imaging by : Anke Meyer-Baese
Download or read book Pattern Recognition and Signal Analysis in Medical Imaging written by Anke Meyer-Baese and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical imaging is one of the heaviest funded biomedical engineering research areas. The second edition of Pattern Recognition and Signal Analysis in Medical Imaging brings sharp focus to the development of integrated systems for use in the clinical sector, enabling both imaging and the automatic assessment of the resultant data. Since the first edition, there has been tremendous development of new, powerful technologies for detecting, storing, transmitting, analyzing, and displaying medical images. Computer-aided analytical techniques, coupled with a continuing need to derive more information from medical images, has led to a growing application of digital processing techniques in cancer detection as well as elsewhere in medicine. This book is an essential tool for students and professionals, compiling and explaining proven and cutting-edge methods in pattern recognition for medical imaging. New edition has been expanded to cover signal analysis, which was only superficially covered in the first edition New chapters cover Cluster Validity Techniques, Computer-Aided Diagnosis Systems in Breast MRI, Spatio-Temporal Models in Functional, Contrast-Enhanced and Perfusion Cardiovascular MRI Gives readers an unparalleled insight into the latest pattern recognition and signal analysis technologies, modeling, and applications
Book Synopsis Evaluation of diagnostic systems by : John Swets
Download or read book Evaluation of diagnostic systems written by John Swets and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation of Diagnostic Systems: Methods from Signal Detection Theory addresses the many issues that arise in evaluating the performance of a diagnostic system, across the wide range of settings in which such systems are used. These settings include clinical medicine, industrial quality control, environmental monitoring and investigation, machine and metals inspection, military monitoring, information retrieval, and crime investigation. The book is divided into three parts encompassing 11 chapters that emphasize the interpretation of diagnostic visual images by human observers. The first part of the book describes quantitative methods for measuring the accuracy of a system and the statistical techniques for drawing inferences from performance tests. The subsequent part covers study design and includes a detailed description of the form and conduct of an image-interpretation test. The concluding part examines the case study of a medical imaging system that serves as an example of both simple and complex applications. In this part, three mammographic modalities are used: industrial film radiography, low-dose film radiography, and xeroradiography. The case study focuses on the overall reliability of accuracy indices made by its main components, that is, the variabilities across cases, across readers, and within individual readers. The supplementary texts provide study protocols, a computer program for processing test results, and an extensive list of references that will assist the reader in applying those evaluative methods to diagnostic systems in any setting. This book is of value to scientists and engineers, as well as to applied, quantitative, or experimental psychologists who are engaged in the study of the human processes of discrimination and decision making in either perceptual or cognitive tasks.
Book Synopsis Detection Theory by : Neil A. Macmillan
Download or read book Detection Theory written by Neil A. Macmillan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-09-22 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection Theory is an introduction to one of the most important tools for analysis of data where choices must be made and performance is not perfect. Originally developed for evaluation of electronic detection, detection theory was adopted by psychologists as a way to understand sensory decision making, then embraced by students of human memory. It has since been utilized in areas as diverse as animal behavior and X-ray diagnosis. This book covers the basic principles of detection theory, with separate initial chapters on measuring detection and evaluating decision criteria. Some other features include: *complete tools for application, including flowcharts, tables, pointers, and software; *student-friendly language; *complete coverage of content area, including both one-dimensional and multidimensional models; *separate, systematic coverage of sensitivity and response bias measurement; *integrated treatment of threshold and nonparametric approaches; *an organized, tutorial level introduction to multidimensional detection theory; *popular discrimination paradigms presented as applications of multidimensional detection theory; and *a new chapter on ideal observers and an updated chapter on adaptive threshold measurement. This up-to-date summary of signal detection theory is both a self-contained reference work for users and a readable text for graduate students and other researchers learning the material either in courses or on their own.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Analysis by : National Research Council
Download or read book Intelligence Analysis written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. intelligence community (IC) is a complex human enterprise whose success depends on how well the people in it perform their work. Although often aided by sophisticated technologies, these people ultimately rely on their own intellect to identify, synthesize, and communicate the information on which the nation's security depends. The IC's success depends on having trained, motivated, and thoughtful people working within organizations able to understand, value, and coordinate their capabilities. Intelligence Analysis provides up-to-date scientific guidance for the intelligence community (IC) so that it might improve individual and group judgments, communication between analysts, and analytic processes. The papers in this volume provide the detailed evidentiary base for the National Research Council's report, Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences. The opening chapter focuses on the structure, missions, operations, and characteristics of the IC while the following 12 papers provide in-depth reviews of key topics in three areas: analytic methods, analysts, and organizations. Informed by the IC's unique missions and constraints, each paper documents the latest advancements of the relevant science and is a stand-alone resource for the IC's leadership and workforce. The collection allows readers to focus on one area of interest (analytic methods, analysts, or organizations) or even one particular aspect of a category. As a collection, the volume provides a broad perspective of the issues involved in making difficult decisions, which is at the heart of intelligence analysis.
Book Synopsis Detection of Signals in Noise by : Anthony D. Whalen
Download or read book Detection of Signals in Noise written by Anthony D. Whalen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of Signals in Noise serves as an introduction to the principles and applications of the statistical theory of signal detection. The book discusses probability and random processes; narrowband signals, their complex representation, and their properties described with the aid of the Hilbert transform; and Gaussian-derived processes. The text also describes the application of hypothesis testing for the detection of signals and the fundamentals required for statistical detection of signals in noise. Problem exercises, references, and a supplementary bibliography are included after each chapter. Students taking a graduate course in signal detection theory.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309442583 Total Pages :111 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Neuroscience Trials of the Future by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Neuroscience Trials of the Future written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On March 3-4, 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop in Washington, DC, bringing together key stakeholders to discuss opportunities for improving the integrity, efficiency, and validity of clinical trials for nervous system disorders. Participants in the workshop represented a range of diverse perspectives, including individuals not normally associated with traditional clinical trials. The purpose of this workshop was to generate discussion about not only what is feasible now, but what may be possible with the implementation of cutting-edge technologies in the future.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques by : Ehsan Samei
Download or read book The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques written by Ehsan Samei and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art review of key topics in medical image perception science and practice, including associated techniques, illustrations and examples. This second edition contains extensive updates and substantial new content. Written by key figures in the field, it covers a wide range of topics including signal detection, image interpretation and advanced image analysis (e.g. deep learning) techniques for interpretive and computational perception. It provides an overview of the key techniques of medical image perception and observer performance research, and includes examples and applications across clinical disciplines including radiology, pathology and oncology. A final chapter discusses the future prospects of medical image perception and assesses upcoming challenges and possibilities, enabling readers to identify new areas for research. Written for both newcomers to the field and experienced researchers and clinicians, this book provides a comprehensive reference for those interested in medical image perception as means to advance knowledge and improve human health.
