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Shear Wave Velocity And Site Amplification Factors For 50 Australian Sites Determined By The Spectral Analysis Of Surface Waves Method
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Book Synopsis Shear-wave velocity and site-amplification factors for 50 Australian sites determined by the spectral analysis of surface waves method by : Robert E. Kayen
Download or read book Shear-wave velocity and site-amplification factors for 50 Australian sites determined by the spectral analysis of surface waves method written by Robert E. Kayen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shear Wave Velocity of the Ground Near Southern California TRINET Sites Using the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Method (SASW) and Parallel-arrayed Harmonic-wave Sources by :
Download or read book Shear Wave Velocity of the Ground Near Southern California TRINET Sites Using the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Method (SASW) and Parallel-arrayed Harmonic-wave Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shear Wave Velocity of Soils by the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) Method by : Seyed Mohammad Ali Zomorodian
Download or read book Shear Wave Velocity of Soils by the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) Method written by Seyed Mohammad Ali Zomorodian and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method is an in-situ seismic method used for determining the thickness and elastic properties of soil and pavement. The SASW method is fast and economical to perform since no boreholes are required. The method is suitable for sites where the use of large equipment is difficult or where sublayer conditions make it difficult to perform other seismic tests. The SASW method is also ideal for preliminary field investigations to be conducted prior to more detailed site investigation, and for quality control and monitoring of ground improvement. The purpose of this research was to improve the SASW method by incorporating multi-mode propagation in the backcalculation procedure. In order to facilitate the investigation carried out in this study, two computer programs were developed to simulate SASW tests (and also Steady-State surface wave tests) and to calculate theoretical dispersion curves. The program for calculating theoretical dispersion curves was based on the root-searching procedure used in existing backcalculation methods. The computer programs developed in this study were used in a case study to demonstrate difficulties encountered by existing methods in dealing with multi-mode situations. It was shown that: (i) wavelength filtering criteria used by existing methods yield inconsistent (i.e. erroneous) dispersion curves when more than one propagation mode participate in the wave field, and (ii) backcalculation procedures based on root-searching cannot identify predominant propagation modes and hence fail to yield accurate results in the case of multi-mode propagation. Two developments were made in the present study to overcome the above difficulties. First, a new wavelength filtering criterion was adopted. In this criterion, the dispersion data point for a particular frequency is rejected (i.e. filtered out) if the values of phase velocity obtained from two different receiver-to-receiver spacings are not in close agreement. In this manner, inconsistencies that might result in the dispersion due to multi-mode propagation are avoided. Second, a new procedure to calculate the theoretical dispersion curve was developed. This procedure is based on the maximum vertical flexibility coefficient (at each frequency) of the theoretical layered model. Unlike root-searching methods, the maximum vertical flexibility coefficient method easily identifies predominant propagation modes. A computer program was developed in this study for backcalculation of SASW data based on the flexibility coefficient method. Least-squares optimization using the down-hill simplex method was also implemented in this program to automate the backcalculation process. The accuracy of the above proposed procedures was demonstrated using SASW field tests. The shear wave velocity profiles obtained using the procedures developed in this study are in good agreement with those obtained from other in-situ seismic tests. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Book Synopsis Shear-wave Velocity of the Ground Near Sixty California Strong Motion Recording Sites by the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) Method and Harmonic-wave Sources by :
Download or read book Shear-wave Velocity of the Ground Near Sixty California Strong Motion Recording Sites by the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) Method and Harmonic-wave Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of in Situ Shear Wave Velocities from Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves by : J. Scott Heisey
Download or read book Determination of in Situ Shear Wave Velocities from Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves written by J. Scott Heisey and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of Laboratory and Field Techniques to Measure Shear Wave Parameters - Frequency Effects by : Hassan Ali
Download or read book Study of Laboratory and Field Techniques to Measure Shear Wave Parameters - Frequency Effects written by Hassan Ali and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, significance of correctly evaluating the dynamic properties of soil has been widely recognized by the research community. Among various parameters, shear wave velocity and damping ratio has been recognized as the key parameter for the soils subjected to dynamic loading. The shear wave velocity is used in the geotechnical assessments for site characterization, ground response analysis, and liquefaction potential. The dynamic properties of the soils can be attained in the lab or in-situ. The dynamic soil properties are dependent on different state parameters, such as, void ratio, confining stress, water content, strain levels, and drainage conditions. Apart from the influence of the above parameters, the dynamic soil parameters are also affected by the frequency and the amplitude of the dynamic load applied to the soil. The in-situ tests compliments the laboratory testing in the evaluation of the dynamic soil parameters. Although, correlations can be used to estimate the in-situ parameters but a direct measurement is necessary. To develop a greater confidence of the results of the in-situ tests, it is helpful to compare the field results to conventional laboratory tests. In the RC testing, the effect of base stiffness has a significant effect on shear modulus and damping values. In literature, only two studies have shown the effect of base fixidity. In this thesis, the issue is addressed by testing sand and clay sample on traditional bench and isolation table. In addition to base fixidity, coupling between the specimen and base platen is also very critical. Radial blades in top and bottom platen are introduced along with porous stone fixed underneath the blades. Aluminum probes are recommended for the calibration of the RC device, however, the effect on shear modulus and damping as function of shear strain is not well studied. Therefore, the stiff probe is tested from low to large strains and effect on damping ratio is studied. Finally, a new BE method is proposed to understand the estimation of shear wave velocity at higher frequencies. Due to the large variation in the interpretation of the BE tests results, there is no standard method for the estimation of the shear wave velocity. In this thesis, a new calibration procedure using state of the art laser vibrometer is used to understand the bending behavior of benders in air and in tip to tip configuration. Shear wave velocity comparison between RC and BE tests is done in usual practice, however, the frequency effects from these two tests are not well stated. In this study, the frequency effects are studied and a new methodology, modified frequency domain method, is introduced and tested on dry specimen. The results of the BE tests match well with the RC test values. MASW is a practiced field test to evaluate the shear wave velocity profile for geomaterials, however, the effect of frequency in the case of an anomaly has not been well understood. Therefore, this study uses numerical simulations and a lab scale model to study these effects. In addition, the effect of actual accelerometers on the measurements is studied for the first time using a high frequency laser vibrometer. The frequency effects in field theory of the MASW and SCPT is also studied to address the actual limitations in the analysis of SCPT data without the consideration of frequency effects. Based on the objective, this research focuses on: (1) the study of the laboratory resonant column and bender element tests, (2) numerical simulations and laboratory surface waves testing, and (3) field testing using surface waves and seismic cone penetration method for the estimation of shear wave parameters with emphasis on the frequency effects. An important aspect of the laboratory testing is the calibration of the equipment. Standard procedures are available for the calibration of the resonant column (RC) device, however, the same is not true for the bender element (BE). In this study, the bender elements are calibrated using three different configurations, tip-to-tip, aluminum rods, and using state-of-art laser vibrometer. The State of art laser vibrometer is used to characterize the bending behavior of the bender elements showing the resonance frequency of 12 kHz and damping of 2 % when vibrating in air. The top and bottom platen of RC device were modified to allow better coupling between the specimen and benders. Radial blades were introduced to account for coupling of stiff clay specimens. Four different soils (sand, stiff clay, mine paste, and leda clay) were tested in this study. The results of the tests, from the RC and the BE tests, were analyzed in the time and the frequency domains. Comparison of the results show, a maximum of 45 $\%$ difference in the velocity obtained from the RC and BE tests. Leda clay tests were done on the modified base platens and the difference in the Vs between the RC and BE is 6% compared to the stiff clay specimen where the difference is 28% To study the difference in the Vs values between the RC and BE, a new modified frequency domain method for BE testing is presented. The method was applied to the sand specimen. The sample is excited with a frequency sweep ranging from 0 to 52 kHz and change in unwrapped phase, between the input excitation and output response, is evaluated outside the range of resonant peaks of the specimen. The Vs values from the two tests match well for the frequency range between 29 and 23 kHz, with overall less than 10 % error for the range of confinement range studied in this thesis. Numerical simulations on homogeneous and non-homogeneous medium showed the change in the phase velocity of the Rayleigh waves (R-waves) due to the presence of a void. To introduce non-homogeneity, voids of various size and depth were used. Nine numerical models were analyzed, change in the phase velocity as a function of frequency was observed. A new methodology was introduced in which the receivers were divided into three sections, before, on-top, and after the void. Results from the dispersion curves show that the change in the phase velocity (function of frequency) is between 3% to 50% for different void width and depth. Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) test method was used as the geophysical testing method. The laboratory tests were conducted using three different configurations on sandbox. Two tests involved use of accelerometers as receivers, however, the input source was different. While the third test consisted of using state of art laser vibrometer as receiver. Using the laser vibrometer, 96 surface responses were recorded compared to 12 using accelerometers. The results from the laboratory MASW test showed the frequency effect on the measurements due to the source used in this method. Coupling of the geophone/transducer in surface wave testing is an important issue. Results from the lab test using laser vibrometer showed that the mass loading effect of accelerometer affects the frequency content of the signal. The field MASW and the SCPT tests were done at the University of Waterloo Columbia Lake Test Site (UW-CLTS). The comparison of shear wave velocity from the field MASW and the SCPT shows the average shear wave velocity profile from the two tests, however, importance in not paid to the frequency of the input signal and main frequency difference between the MASW and SCPT tests. In this study, the frequency spectrum from the MASW and the SCPT tests data were analyzed to understand the change in the shear wave velocity at different depths. From the analysis, the percentage change in shear wave velocity between MASW line 1 and SCPT 1 and 2 is more than 90 % for depths between 0 and 2 m, while it reduces to 10 % for depths between 7 and 13 m.
Book Synopsis The Microtremor Survey Method by : Hiroshi Okada
Download or read book The Microtremor Survey Method written by Hiroshi Okada and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the nature of the microtremor noise field, the use of appropriate surface arrays of geophones, and the two principal classes of array-processing techniques, high-resolution beamforming and the spatial autocorrelation method (SPAC). This is the first comprehensive textbook of the microtremor survey method written in English.
Book Synopsis Development of Deep Site Specific and Reference Shear Wave Velocity Profiles in the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand by : Michael Ryan Deschenes
Download or read book Development of Deep Site Specific and Reference Shear Wave Velocity Profiles in the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand written by Michael Ryan Deschenes and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep (typically >1000 m) shear wave velocity profiles were developed across the Canterbury basin at nine strong motion stations using a combination of active and passive surface wave methods and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio measurements. A multi-mode, multi-method joint inversion process, which included Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio data, was used to estimate the shear wave velocity profiles at each site. A-priori geologic information was utilized in defining preliminary constraints on the complex geologic layering of the Canterbury basin. At sites where interbedded layers were present, velocity reversals were considered in the inversion. Shear wave velocity profiles developed as part of this study were combined with the median profiles from 14 Christchurch sites detailed in a separate study, to develop a suite of region and soil specific reference shear wave velocity profiles for the Canterbury basin. Site specific and reference shear wave velocity profiles developed as part of this study can be used for back-analysis of earthquake ground motions, forward analysis of future ground motions, full 3D physics based simulations, or to refine 3D velocity models for the region. 1000 m) shear wave velocity profiles were developed across the Canterbury basin at nine strong motion stations using a combination of active and passive surface wave methods and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio measurements. A multi-mode, multi-method joint inversion process, which included Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio data, was used to estimate the shear wave velocity profiles at each site. A-priori geologic information was utilized in defining preliminary constraints on the complex geologic layering of the Canterbury basin. At sites where interbedded layers were present, velocity reversals were considered in the inversion. Shear wave velocity profiles developed as part of this study were combined with the median profiles from 14 Christchurch sites detailed in a separate study, to develop a suite of region and soil specific reference shear wave velocity profiles for the Canterbury basin. Site specific and reference shear wave velocity profiles developed as part of this study can be used for back-analysis of earthquake ground motions, forward analysis of future ground motions, full 3D physics based simulations, or to refine 3D velocity models for the region.
Book Synopsis Potential Phase Unwrapping Errors Associated with SASW Measurements at Soft-Over-Stiff Sites by : Brent L. Rosenblad
Download or read book Potential Phase Unwrapping Errors Associated with SASW Measurements at Soft-Over-Stiff Sites written by Brent L. Rosenblad and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results from simulations of spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) measurements are presented for the common geotechnical condition of soft surficial soils overlying a stiffer half-space. Several recent experimental and numerical studies have demonstrated the dominance of higher-mode surface wave propagation at low frequencies for profile conditions where strong, shallow contrasts in elastic properties exist. This transition to higher-mode propagation has proven problematic for methods utilizing a fundamental-mode forward model in the inversion procedure, resulting in overprediction of the shear wave velocity (VS) profile. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the SASW methodology, which uses an effective-velocity forward model, in dealing with the soft-over-stiff profile condition. Specifically, this study focuses on the phase unwrapping procedure used in the SASW method. Nine VS profiles were simulated in this study, representing different conditions of VS contrast and depth to the stiffer layer. The results show that in some cases the phase unwrapping procedure produces an experimental dispersion curve that is inconsistent with both the fundamental mode and the true effective-velocity dispersion curve for the profile. The resulting VS profile is substantially under-predicted. Experimental results from measurements at a soft-over-stiff site are presented that support the findings from the simulated measurements.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variation of Shear Wave Velocity with SPT-N Values in the City of Sharjah by : Niamatullah Haji Bismillah
Download or read book Variation of Shear Wave Velocity with SPT-N Values in the City of Sharjah written by Niamatullah Haji Bismillah and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modern building codes require the evaluation of a shear wave velocity profile of the foundation soils for a dynamic analysis of structures and sites to occur. Wave velocities are typically evaluated by conducting laboratory and field tests. Due to the rapid pace of development in the UAE,consultants often rely on shear wave velocity (VS) obtained from correlations of shear wave velocity (VS) with N values from Standard Penetration Tests (SPT). Significant variations in previous studies that predict wave velocities justifythis new study in order to develop correlations specific to the region and applicable to areas of similar geology. These variations can be attributed to factors such as biases in conducting field tests and shortcomings in seismic techniques. This study presents the correlations developed between wave velocity and N values for the city of Sharjah by performing seismic tests in various locations. The velocity profiles are evaluated by using vertical geophones that are traditionally used, as well as, horizontal geophones to evaluate their ability in calculating similar profiles. The analysis of surface waves for velocity evaluation is preferred due to its ability in delineating hidden layers of weaker velocities and for the better characterization of shallow depths from the generation of higher frequency phases. The benefits of using a seismic technique based on surface waves are presented and the results of the regression of VS-N pairs are compared with the findings of previous studies discussed here. The effect of using horizontal and vertical geophones on the results is evaluated in order to validate the theoretical basis of particle motion during the propagation of surface waves. The results indicate many previous models underestimate the wave velocity as function of N valuesas compared to the proposed model, especially at N values larger than 15. Most recent studies, however, tend to agree with the prediction model of this study;only one model significantly overestimates the shear wave velocity. The velocity profiles computed from horizontal and vertical geophones agree, indicating that the theoretical basis of elliptical particle motion with both horizontal and vertical components in the propagation of surface waves is valid. "--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Geotechnical Site Characterization Using Multi-channel Analysis of Rayleigh and Love Waves by : James David Lane
Download or read book Geotechnical Site Characterization Using Multi-channel Analysis of Rayleigh and Love Waves written by James David Lane and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is a technique in which surface waves can be analyzed to determine soil shear wave velocity profiles with depth. The shear wave velocity of soil can be used to calculate the shear modulus, which is an important geotechnical engineering parameter. Site surveys were conducted and analyzed located at a location on the flood plain of the Tennessee River. The flood plain consists of a thin layer of soil above rigid (Knox Dolomite) bedrock and exhibited strong stratification. Three different aspects of MASW data acquisition and analysis are presented in the study. The first aspect is the response correction of the classical horizontal and vertical component geophone and its effects on surface wave dispersion; the second aspect is the effect of Rayleigh wave MASW data acquisition, analysis, and modeling as influenced by Rayleigh wave guides; the third aspect is the use of MASW and Love wave data acquisition, analysis, and modeling. MASW is performed using a seismic source and geophones (velocity sensor) without correcting the amplitude and phase errors induced by the equivalent single degree of freedom response function representing the mechanical response of a given velocity sensor. Geophones were experimentally tested in the laboratory to determine their natural frequency, damping ratio, and transduction constants. The results from these tests were mathematically corrected for their mechanical response and compared to uncorrected and corrected field data. Several seismic sources and various sourceoffset distances were evaluated to determine their effects on Rayleigh wave dispersion. Rayleigh waves, guided in a layer, were interpreted to have a profound influence on the Rayleigh wave dispersion data obtained using different seismic sources and source-offset distances. Results from Love wave data analysis produced superior dispersion data in comparison to the dispersion data obtained from Rayleigh wave data, making interpretation much more certain.
Book Synopsis Seismic Data Analysis by : Özdoğan Yilmaz
Download or read book Seismic Data Analysis written by Özdoğan Yilmaz and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 2065 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding the author's original work on processing to include inversion and interpretation, and including developments in all aspects of conventional processing, this two-volume set is a comprehensive and complete coverage of the modern trends in the seismic industry - from time to depth, from 3D to 4D, from 4D to 4C, and from isotropy to anisotropy.
Book Synopsis 3D Seismic Imaging by : Biondo Biondi
Download or read book 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM includes PDF slides for teaching the material in the book and the C3-narrow-azimuth classic data set.
Book Synopsis Comparative Analyses of Geophysical Methods for Determining Shear Wave Velocity of Soils by : Thanop Thitimakorn
Download or read book Comparative Analyses of Geophysical Methods for Determining Shear Wave Velocity of Soils written by Thanop Thitimakorn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) routinely acquires seismic cone penetrometer (SCPT) shear wave velocity control as part of the routine investigation of soils at highway structures or other geotechnical sites within the Mississippi Embayment. In an effort to ensure their geotechnical investigations are as effective and efficient as possible, the SCPT tool and several available alternatives (crosshole: CH; multichannel analysis of surface waves: MASW; and refraction microtremor: ReMi) were evaluated and compared on the basis of the interpretation of processed field data acquired at two test sites in the Poplar Bluff area, southeast Missouri. These four methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils were subsequently ranked in terms of accuracy, functionality, cost effectiveness, other considerations and overall utility. On the basis of the comparative analyses, it is concluded that MASW data are generally more reliable than SCPT data, comparable to quality ReMi data and only slightly less accurate than CH data. However, MASW's other advantages generally make it a superior choice over the other methods for general soil classification purposes to depths of 100 ft. (as per NEHRP recommendations)"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology by : Atilla Ansal
Download or read book Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology written by Atilla Ansal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects 4 keynote and 15 theme lectures presented at the 2nd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (2ECEES), held in Istanbul, Turkey, from August 24 to 29, 2014. The conference was organized by the Turkish Earthquake Foundation - Earthquake Engineering Committee and Prime Ministry, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency under the auspices of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering (EAEE) and European Seismological Commission (ESC). The book’s nineteen state-of-the-art chapters were written by the most prominent researchers in Europe and address a comprehensive collection of topics on earthquake engineering, as well as interdisciplinary subjects such as engineering seismology and seismic risk assessment and management. Further topics include engineering seismology, geotechnical earthquake engineering, seismic performance of buildings, earthquake-resistant engineering structures, new techniques and technologies, and managing risk in seismic regions. The book also presents the First Professor Inge Lehmann Distinguished Award Lecture given by Prof. Shamita Das in honor of Prof. Dr. Inge Lehmann. The aim of this work is to present the state-of-the art and latest practices in the fields of earthquake engineering and seismology, with Europe’s most respected researchers addressing recent and ongoing developments while also proposing innovative avenues for future research and development. Given its cutting-edge conten t and broad spectrum of topics, the book offers a unique reference guide for researchers in these fields. Audience: This book is of interest to civil engineers in the fields of geotechnical and structural earthquake engineering; scientists and researchers in the fields of seismology, geology and geophysics. Not only scientists, engineers and students, but also those interested in earthquake hazard assessment and mitigation will find in this book the most recent advances.
Download or read book SASWOPR written by M. Sayyedsadr and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) method is a nondestructive method for determining elastic properties and thicknesses of pavement systems as well as natural soil deposits.
