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Sex Specific Population Genetic Structure
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Book Synopsis Sex-specific Population Genetic Structure by : Elyasaf Freiman
Download or read book Sex-specific Population Genetic Structure written by Elyasaf Freiman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this study I focused on understanding the of the Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) population in the Judean Desert and characterizing the factors influencing it using genetic tools." -- from the abstract.
Book Synopsis The Genetic Structure of Populations by : A. Jacquard
Download or read book The Genetic Structure of Populations written by A. Jacquard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is part of the ideology of science that it is an international enterprise, carried out by a community that knows no barriers of nation or culture. But the reality is somewhat different. Despite the best intentions of scientists to form a single community, unseparated by differences of national and political viewpoint, they are, in fact, separated by language. Scientific literature in German is not generally assimilated by French workers, nor that appearing in French by those whose native language is English. The problem appears to have become more severe since the last war, because the ascendance of the United States as the preeminent economic power led, in a time of big and expensive science, to a pre dominance of American scientific production and a growing tendency (at least among English-speakers) to regard English as the international language of science. International congresses and journals of world circulation have come more and more to take English as their standard or official language. As a result, students and scientific workers in the English speaking world have become more linguistically parochial than ever before and have been cut off from a considerable scientific literature. Population genetics has been no exception to the rule. The elegant and extremely innovative theoreticaI work of Malecot, for example, is only now being properly assimilated by population biologists outside France. It was therefore with some sense of frustration that I read Prof.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.
Book Synopsis Primates of Gashaka by : Volker Sommer
Download or read book Primates of Gashaka written by Volker Sommer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gashaka Primate Project has grown into one of the largest research and conservation activities in West Africa. At present, it keeps going on the initiative of the editors of this volume and their academic home institutions.The appearance of this volume marks the 10th anniversary of the Gashaka Primate Project
Book Synopsis Consequences of Sex Differences in Selection and Sex-specific Genetic Architecture of Fitness by : Amardeep Singh
Download or read book Consequences of Sex Differences in Selection and Sex-specific Genetic Architecture of Fitness written by Amardeep Singh and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sexes exhibit dramatic phenotypic differences. Ultimately, these differences are thought to be the result of sex differences in selection. My thesis takes a variety of approaches to investigate the consequences of these differences from an evolutionary genetics perspective. In Chapter 2 I surveyed the literature for estimates of sex-specific phenotypic selection in the wild and performed meta-analysis to understand the strength of sex-specific selection. Results of this study suggest that selection is often male-biased in magnitude and consistent with sexual selection theory, male-biased selection is driven by components of fitness related to mating success. In Chapter 3, I explored two potentially contradictory consequences of increased variance in fitness among males: stronger selection but also increased genetic drift. I used a mathematical model to explore how increased condition-dependency of male fitness relates to the efficacy of selection. Next, I estimated sex-specific fitness in a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster in environmental contexts intended to alter sex-specific variance. I show that increased variance in male fitness can facilitate stronger selection without a concomitant increase in the strength of genetic drift when a substantial amount of the variance in fitness is due to stochastic processes such as random juvenile mortality. In Chapter 4 I investigated the sex-specific genetic architecture of fitness using inbred lines of D. melanogaster. I used three approaches - quantitative genetics, genome wide association and a mutation load approach - each providing a unique perspective into the genetic underpinnings of male and female fitness. Finally, in Chapter 5 I used RNA-seq data to investigate the coincidence of two forms of sexually dimorphic gene regulation: sex-bias in gene expression (SBGE) and sexually dimorphic isoform usage (SDIU) in D. melanogaster. Results of this study suggest that both forms of gene regulation are widespread and tissue specific. Population genomic patterns of these genes are consistent with the idea that both SBGE and SDIU evolve to resolve sexual conflict but that they may represent alternative routes to resolution. Overall, my thesis reinforces a view that the sexes represent very different selective environments and provides novel insights into the causes and consequences of these sex differences.
Book Synopsis Investigating the Evolution of Sex-specific Phenotypes by : C. D. L. Mullon
Download or read book Investigating the Evolution of Sex-specific Phenotypes written by C. D. L. Mullon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis uses theoretical models to investigate a diverse set of questions that revolve around the evolution sex-specific phenotypes. Chapter 1 studies the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms. It investigates the evolutionary change in the coding sequences of sex determining genes associated with the recruitment of a top regulatory gene in Drosophila. We find that this recruitment coincided with changes in the evolution of all the genes of the sex determining pathway. We discuss how these changes are tied with the genes' molecular functions, and highlight the limits of inference from DNA sequence change only. Chapter 2 investigates the genomic distribution of sexually antagonistic alleles. Our study predicts that the interplay of sexually antagonistic selection and genetic drift leads to the accumulation of sexually antagonistic alleles on the X in XY species and, on the autosomes in ZW species, especially when sexual competition is strong among males. Chapter 3 studies the evolution and consequences of sex-specific reproductive variance by constructing a population genetic model that is based on an explicit representation of sexual reproduction. In particular, we derive the probability of fixation for mutations affecting male and female reproductive traits in different ways and find that sex-specific reproductive variance may have profound consequences for the evolution of sex-specific phenotypes. Finally, chapter 4 adapts this latter model to investigate the evolution of developmental instability in the presence of female choice. Developmental instability can be selected for by female choice. But it can have very dire consequences for other aspects of the phenotype, notably in female fecundity and offspring survival. We discuss the effects of reproductive variance on whether these detrimental effects are capable of preventing developmental instability. Overall, this thesis highlights how not only sex-specific selection, but also sex-specific variance in gene transmission contribute to variation in sex-specific phenotypes.
Book Synopsis The Masterpiece of Nature by : Graham Bell
Download or read book The Masterpiece of Nature written by Graham Bell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1982, The Masterpiece of Nature examines sex as representative of the most important challenge to the modern theory of evolution. The book suggests that sex evolved, not as the result of normal Darwinian processes of natural selection, but through competition between populations or species - a hypothesis elsewhere almost universally discredited. The book also discusses the nature of sex and its consequences for the individual and for the population, as well as various other theories of sex. Since the value of these theories is held to reside wholly in their ability to predict the patterns of sexuality observed in nature, the book seeks to provide an extensive review of the circumstances in which sexuality is attenuated or lost throughout the animal kingdom, and these facts are then used to weigh up the merits of the rival theories. This book will be of interest to researchers in the area of genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology.
Book Synopsis Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity by : National Research Council
Download or read book Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-19 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the scientific value and merit of research on human genetic differencesâ€"including a collection of DNA samples that represents the whole of human genetic diversityâ€"and the ethical, organizational, and policy issues surrounding such research. Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity discusses the potential uses of such collection, such as providing insight into human evolution and origins and serving as a springboard for important medical research. It also addresses issues of confidentiality and individual privacy for participants in genetic diversity research studies.
Book Synopsis Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits by : Bruce Walsh
Download or read book Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits written by Bruce Walsh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative traits-be they morphological or physiological characters, aspects of behavior, or genome-level features such as the amount of RNA or protein expression for a specific gene-usually show considerable variation within and among populations. Quantitative genetics, also referred to as the genetics of complex traits, is the study of such characters and is based on mathematical models of evolution in which many genes influence the trait and in which non-genetic factors may also be important. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits presents a holistic treatment of the subject, showing the interplay between theory and data with extensive discussions on statistical issues relating to the estimation of the biologically relevant parameters for these models. Quantitative genetics is viewed as the bridge between complex mathematical models of trait evolution and real-world data, and the authors have clearly framed their treatment as such. This is the second volume in a planned trilogy that summarizes the modern field of quantitative genetics, informed by empirical observations from wide-ranging fields (agriculture, evolution, ecology, and human biology) as well as population genetics, statistical theory, mathematical modeling, genetics, and genomics. Whilst volume 1 (1998) dealt with the genetics of such traits, the main focus of volume 2 is on their evolution, with a special emphasis on detecting selection (ranging from the use of genomic and historical data through to ecological field data) and examining its consequences.
Book Synopsis Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases by : Michel Tibayrenc
Download or read book Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases written by Michel Tibayrenc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases is at the crossroads between two major scientific fields of the 21st century: evolutionary biology and infectious diseases. The genomic revolution has upset modern biology and has revolutionized our approach to ancient disciplines such as evolutionary studies. In particular, this revolution is profoundly changing our view on genetically driven human phenotypic diversity, and this is especially true in disease genetic susceptibility. Infectious diseases are indisputably the major challenge of medicine. When looking globally, they are the number one killer of humans and therefore the main selective pressure exerted on our species. Even in industrial countries, infectious diseases are now far less under control than 20 years ago. The first part of this book covers the main features and applications of modern technologies in the study of infectious diseases. The second part provides detailed information on a number of the key infectious diseases such as malaria, SARS, avian flu, HIV, tuberculosis, nosocomial infections and a few other pathogens that will be taken as examples to illustrate the power of modern technologies and the value of evolutionary approaches. Takes an integrated approach to infectious diseases Includes contributions from leading authorities Provides the latest developments in the field
Book Synopsis The Selfish Gene by : Richard Dawkins
Download or read book The Selfish Gene written by Richard Dawkins and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science need not be dull and bogged down by jargon, as Richard Dawkins proves in this entertaining look at evolution. The themes he takes up are the concepts of altruistic and selfish behaviour; the genetical definition of selfish interest; the evolution of aggressive behaviour; kinshiptheory; sex ratio theory; reciprocal altruism; deceit; and the natural selection of sex differences. 'Should be read, can be read by almost anyone. It describes with great skill a new face of the theory of evolution.' W.D. Hamilton, Science
Book Synopsis Introduction to Population Genetics by : Richard Halliburton
Download or read book Introduction to Population Genetics written by Richard Halliburton and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2004 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making the theory of population genetics relevant to readers, this book explains the related mathematics with a logical organization. It presents the quantitative aspects of population genetics, and employs examples of human genetics, medical evolution, human evolution, and endangered species. For an introduction to, and understanding of, population genetics.
Download or read book Genes in Conflict written by Austin BURT and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering all species from yeast to humans, this is the first book to tell the story of selfish genetic elements that act narrowly to advance their own replication at the expense of the larger organism.
Book Synopsis Molecular Population Genetics of the Sex-specific Mitochondrial DNA of the California Sea Mussel, Mytilus Californianus by : Brian S. Ort
Download or read book Molecular Population Genetics of the Sex-specific Mitochondrial DNA of the California Sea Mussel, Mytilus Californianus written by Brian S. Ort and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Genetics by : Charles W. Fox
Download or read book Evolutionary Genetics written by Charles W. Fox and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Fox and Jason Wolf have brought together leading researchers to produce a cutting-edge primer introducing readers to the major concepts in modern evolutionary genetics. This book spans the continuum of scale, from studies of DNA sequence evolution through proteins and development to multivariate phenotypic evolution, and the continuum of time, from ancient events that lead to current species diversity to the rapid evolution seen over relatively short time scales in experimental evolution studies. Chapters are accessible to an audience lacking extensive background in evolutionaryy genetics but also current and in-depth enough to be of value to established researchers in evolution biology.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Reproduction by : Giuseppe Fusco
Download or read book The Biology of Reproduction written by Giuseppe Fusco and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look into the phenomena of sex and reproduction in all organisms, taking an innovative, unified and comprehensive approach.
Book Synopsis Concepts of Biology by : Samantha Fowler
Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-07 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.
