Serological Diagnostic Methods An Overview

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Virology E-Book

Author : Stephen N J Korsman
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1455742139
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)

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Book Synopsis Virology E-Book by : Stephen N J Korsman

Download or read book Virology E-Book written by Stephen N J Korsman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise, highly accessible introduction to medical virology, incorporating essential basic principles as well as a systematic review of viruses and viral diseases. It pays particular attention to developments in anti-viral therapy that are becoming increasingly effective in modern medicine. It is an ideal textbook for the information-overloaded student and an invaluable everyday companion for the busy professional who needs a good understanding of the current state of medical virology. In keeping with the highly successful format of other Illustrated Colour Texts, it presents the subject as a series of succinct 2 page 'learning units', using a superb collection of clear illustrations and clinical photographs, concise yet comprehensive text and key point boxes to aid quick access to information and examination preparation. So whether you are a medical student, junior doctor, medical scientist, trainee in infectious diseases or student on another allied medical course, this book is here to make your life easier! It will also provide a very solid foundation for any who plan to delve deeper into this fascinating field. - Part of the popular Illustrated Colour Text series - Information presented in double page spreads for easy learning - Highly illustrated with both full colour graphics and clinical photographs - Each spread includes a key point box for exam preparation

Serological Diagnostic Methods. An Overview

Author : Isayas Asefa
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346635899
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (466 download)

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Book Synopsis Serological Diagnostic Methods. An Overview by : Isayas Asefa

Download or read book Serological Diagnostic Methods. An Overview written by Isayas Asefa and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-04-29 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Medicine - Diagnostics, grade: 18.0, , language: English, abstract: Bovine brucellosis is an exceptionally contagious, zoonotic and financially significant bacterial disease. The point of this paper was to review accessible logical information on serological tests for the analysis of bovine brucellosis and look at their test execution in view of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) upsides of measures. The infection was portrayed by early abortion, placentitis, epididymitis, and orchitis. The clinical image of brucellosis is not pathognomonic, and the clinical history of the patient, especially the event of fetal removal, is of central symptomatic significance. Although definitive diagnosis of bovine brucellosis is finished by disconnection and distinguishing proof of the causative agents, serological tests are normally the most preferred. The host defense mechanism against Brucella can practically be partitioned into innate or nonspecific and adaptive or specific immunity. The pathogenic brucella living being has fostered a battery of instruments to sidestep or potentially regulate both innate and adaptive immune reactions in their host. Serological tests depend on the way that Brucella abortus, similar to other smooth Brucella, have distinctive O-polysaccharides that incite a humoral reaction with an underlying production of IgM trailed by IgG1 and IgG2/IgA. Serological techniques accessible for the analysis of bovine brucellosis incorporate the screening serological test (Milk ring test, Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT)) and corroborative serological test, which are the complement fixation test (CFT), serum agglutination test (SAT), 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME), indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), and, more recently, competitive ELISA (cELISA) and Brucella fluorescent polarization assay (FPA). For quite a long time, there was no single serological test that is suitable in each and every epidemiological circumstance and 100% precise.

Socio-Life Science and the COVID-19 Outbreak

Author : Makoto Yano
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811657270
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Socio-Life Science and the COVID-19 Outbreak by : Makoto Yano

Download or read book Socio-Life Science and the COVID-19 Outbreak written by Makoto Yano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents the first step towards building socio-life science, a field of science investigating humans in such a way that both social and life-scientific factors are integrated. Because humans are both living and social creatures, a human action can never be understood fully without knowing both the biological traits of a person and the social scientific environments in which he exists. With this consideration, the editors of this book have initiated a research project promoting a deeper and more integrated understanding of human behavior and human health. This book aims to show what can, and could be, achieved through our interdisciplinary project. One important product is the newly formed three-party collaboration between Pasteur Institut, Kyoto University, and the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry. Covering many different fields, including medicine, epidemiology, anthropology, economics, sociology, demography, geography, and policy, researchers in these institutes, and many others, present their studies on the COVID-19 pandemic. Although based on different methodologies, the studies show the importance of behavioral change and governmental policy in the fight against a huge pandemic. The book explains the unique genome cohort-panel data that the project builds to study social and life scientific aspects of humans.

Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241549981
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (499 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Testing and diagnosis of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection is the gateway for access to both prevention and treatment services, and is a crucial component of an effective response to the hepatitis epidemic. Early identification of persons with chronic HBV or HCV infection enables them to receive the necessary care and treatment to prevent or delay progression of liver disease. Testing also provides an opportunity to link people to interventions to reduce transmission, through counselling on risk behaviors and provision of prevention commodities (such as sterile needles and syringes) and hepatitis B vaccination. These are the first WHO guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection and complement published guidance by WHO on the prevention, care and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection. These guidelines outline the public health approach to strengthening and expanding current testing practices for HBV and HCV, and are intended for use across age groups and populations.

Digestive Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author : Isidor Segal
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128156783
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Digestive Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Isidor Segal

Download or read book Digestive Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Isidor Segal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digestive Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Changes and Challenges provides an in-depth examination into the rise of western digestive diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For those interested in the causes of the major diseases of the 'West', the patterns in Africa have always reflected on the emergence of western diseases and elucidated the pattern of these conditions and their clinical course. Coverage includes the present epidemiology of GI diseases in SSA, the trends that are occurring, and the context of other emerging diseases. Appropriate for researchers, gastroenterologists and internists, this book brings together the latest research in a single, complete volume. - Provides evidence of the changes occurring in digestive disease in Sub-Saharan Africa due to Westernization - Covers urbanization, upward mobility, demographics, environmental changes, and the availability of natural resources that have a decisive influence on digestive diseases - Offers models for the amelioration of digestive diseases due to Westernization

Dengue and Zika: Control and Antiviral Treatment Strategies

Author : Rolf Hilgenfeld
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981108727X
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Dengue and Zika: Control and Antiviral Treatment Strategies by : Rolf Hilgenfeld

Download or read book Dengue and Zika: Control and Antiviral Treatment Strategies written by Rolf Hilgenfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume contains 25 chapters from leading international scientists working on dengue and Zika viruses, who came together in Praia do Tofo in Mozambique to discuss the latest developments in the fields of epidemiology, pathogenesis, structural virology, immunology, antiviral drug discovery and development, vaccine efficacy, and mosquito control programs. The meeting venue offered an opportunity to discuss current research on these flaviviruses in an idyllic setting, and also to develop first-hand appreciation of the issues in infectious diseases facing developing countries and of the research gaps in Africa. For readers, who should include basic and clinical researchers in the field and public health professionals, the chapters are organized to provide a comprehensive overview of the various topics in current dengue and Zika virus research. A unique feature of the proceedings of this meeting is the inclusion of the discussions that took place following presentations. These have been transcribed and appended to the end of the relevant chapters, and they form the “salt in the soup” of this book.

Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management

Author : Baozhong Meng
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319577069
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management by : Baozhong Meng

Download or read book Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management written by Baozhong Meng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.

Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus

Author : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527349189
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Download or read book Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus Detecting and analyzing the COVID-19 pandemic with biosensor technology The highly contagious SARS CoV-2 pathogen has challenged health systems around the world as they struggle to detect and monitor the spread of the pathogen. In Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus: Advanced Biosensors for Pandemic Viruses and Related Pathogens expert chemists Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Sudheesh K. Shukla deliver a practical analysis of how contactless coronavirus detectors may be developed using existing biosensor technology. The editors outline current challenges in the field, the bioanalytical principles for coronavirus detection, and available biosensor technology. They then move on to how available technology might be adapted to detect coronaviruses and how commercialization of the technology might unfold. The lessons learned in this book are readily applicable to the study of other current and emerging pathogens. Readers will also enjoy: A thorough introduction to the current diagnostic approaches for COVID-19, including common challenges, technology adaptation, and future potential An exploration of bio-analytical strategies for SARS CoV-2/COVID-19, including COVID detection via nanotechnology, biosensing approaches, and the role of nanotechnology in coronavirus detection Practical discussions of biosensors for the analysis of SARS CoV-2/COVID-19, including sensor development for coronavirus and chemical sensors for coronavirus diagnosis In-depth treatments of the commercialization and standardization for analytical technologies Perfect for virologists, pharmaceutical industry professionals, and sensor developers, Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus is also an indispensable resource for those working in analytical research institutes, biotechnology industry professionals, and public health agency professionals.

Encyclopedia of Virology

Author : Brian W. J. Mahy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Virology by : Brian W. J. Mahy

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Virology written by Brian W. J. Mahy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers biological, molecular, and medical topics concerning viruses in animals, plants, bacteria and insects ... this new ed. has been extensively revised and updated to reflect the 50 % increase in identified and accepted viruses since 2000. Includes information on avian flu, SARS and West Nile and the ability of some viruses to be used as agents of bioterrorism.

CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Author : Jeffrey D. Klausner
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071509615
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (715 download)

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Book Synopsis CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases by : Jeffrey D. Klausner

Download or read book CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases written by Jeffrey D. Klausner and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-04-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get problem-oriented and disease-specific guidance in treating STDs-in one quick-access source Featuring the trusted, practical format of the CURRENT series, this authoritative, quick-access guide delivers a top-to-bottom overview of STDs commonly encountered in clinical practice. The book begins with an insightful introduction to the field that emphasizes the patient-doctor relationship, and then explores clinical problems with STDs in terms of diagnostic, management, and treatment considerations. Features A-to-Z, up-to-the-minute coverage of common STDs-filled with crucial point-of-care guidelines A focus on prevention interventions, including counseling, in recognition of the need to change high-risk sexual behaviors Practical diagnostic algorithms that summarize key protocols and facilitate patient management Detailed, easy-to-locate treatment tables that list specific drugs (generic and trade names), doses, and schedules A thought-provoking final chapter that includes a brief discussion of the latest STD research, plus unresolved questions and future concerns Useful appendices that include diagnostic protocols, treatment tables, and websites for further information Authoritative, on-the-spot information you can quickly apply to your practice - without sifting through pages of data An essential clinical companion for internists, family physicians, pediatricians, nurse practitioners, obstetricians-gynecologists, HIV care specialists, and other healthcare professionals who see patients with STDs Turn to any chapter on specific STDs, and you'll find expert perspectives on biology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and issues related to special populations

Rickettsial Diseases

Author : Didier Raoult
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142001997X
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Rickettsial Diseases by : Didier Raoult

Download or read book Rickettsial Diseases written by Didier Raoult and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only available reference to comprehensively discuss the common and unusual types of rickettsiosis in over twenty years, this book will offer the reader a full review on the bacteriology, transmission, and pathophysiology of these conditions. Written from experts in the field from Europe, USA, Africa, and Asia, specialists analyze specific patho

Immunology and Serology

Author : Patricia Marques
Publisher : Delve Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781773611747
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunology and Serology by : Patricia Marques

Download or read book Immunology and Serology written by Patricia Marques and published by Delve Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunology and Serology are two major science fields. Immunology is defined as the study of the molecules, cells, organs, and systems responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign material. Immunology began as a branch of microbiology. The study of infectious disease and the body's response to them has a major role for the development of immunology. Moreover, the concept of germ theory of disease has contributed to the field of immunology. It was Edward Jenner who first studied the response of the body to foreign substances. He observed that dairy maids who had naturally contracted a mild infection called cowpox seemed to be protected against smallpox, a horribly disfiguring disease and a major killer.Serology is the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum and other bodily fluids. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given microorganism), against other foreign proteins (in response, for example, to a mismatched blood transfusion), or to one's own proteins (in instances of autoimmune disease).Serological tests may be performed for diagnostic purposes when an infection is suspected, in rheumatic illnesses, and in many other situations, such as checking an individual's blood type. Serology blood tests help to diagnose patients with certain immune deficiencies associated with the lack of antibodies, such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia. In such cases, tests for antibodies will be consistently negative.There are several serology techniques that can be used depending on the antibodies being studied. These include: ELISA, agglutination, precipitation, complement-fixation, and fluorescent antibodies and more recently chemiluminescence. Some serological tests are not limited to blood serum, but can also be performed on other bodily fluids such as semen and saliva, and Spinal fluid (CSF) which may contain antibodies.This book starts with a small historical introduction to Immunology. The next chapters (sections 1 to 4) give examples of Serology applied to infectious diseases (HPV, Hepatitis, Malaria and Dengue). Section 5 is dedicated to the application of serology to celiac diagnosis. Section 6 shows the application of serology to other pathogen (Lyme disease, Sjögren's syndrome, Chlamydia pneumoniae, HIV, Influenza virus, Mycobacterium, Toxoplasmosis and Leprosy). Several serologic based diagnostic techniques are used and are being developed daily, making this one of the biggest fields in science research.

Neurobrucellosis

Author : Mehmet Turgut
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319246399
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurobrucellosis by : Mehmet Turgut

Download or read book Neurobrucellosis written by Mehmet Turgut and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of neurobrucellosis, which remains common despite significant improvements in preventive measures, neuroradiological techniques, and treatment methods. The chapters are organized into five sections, the first three of which address cranial and intracranial brucellosis, spinal brucellosis, and brucellosis of the peripheral portions of the nervous system. The fourth section focuses on laboratory studies in neurobrucellosis, and the closing section is devoted to therapy, encompassing both medical approaches and the surgical procedures used to treat the complications associated with brucellosis involving the spine, brain, and peripheral nerves. Despite the impressive efforts to eradicate the disease, brucellosis still poses a great threat in the Mediterranean Basin, where it originated, as well as in South and Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa. Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this comprehensive book will be an ideal up-to-date reference for neurosurgeons, neurologists, and specialists in infectious disease who are seeking either basic or more advanced information on the disease and its diagnosis and treatment.

Tuberculosis

Author : M. Monir Madkour
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642189377
Total Pages : 974 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Tuberculosis by : M. Monir Madkour

Download or read book Tuberculosis written by M. Monir Madkour and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-27 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive textbook on tuberculosis that covers all aspects of the disease: epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention. The main part of the book comprises very detailed and richly illustrated clinical chapters. The copious images are the advantage of this book. Chapters on new methods and treatments and on animal tuberculosis are included. The material is based on a wealth of experience in tuberculosis as seen in endemic countries such as Saudi Arabia that enjoy free access to advanced investigative and therapeutic facilities. This coexistence of endemicity of the disease and state-of-the-art facilities is rare in poor and developing countries or in rich and developed nations. This multidisciplinary volume is ideal for all clinicians, laboratory and research workers, epidemiologists, university teachers and students, health care planners and international organizations involved in world health and infectious disease.

Infectious Diseases

Author : Eskild Petersen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119971624
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Infectious Diseases by : Eskild Petersen

Download or read book Infectious Diseases written by Eskild Petersen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-22 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise and practical guide describes infections in geographical areas and provides information on disease risk, concomitant infections (such as co-prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis) and emerging bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in a given geographical area of the world. Infectious Diseases: A Geographic Guide is divided according to United Nations world regions and addresses geographic disease profiles, presenting symptoms and incubation periods of infections. Each chapter contains a section on the coverage of the childhood vaccination programs in the countries included in that region. Chapters also include descriptions of infectious disease risk and problems with resistant bacteria in each region (e.g. antibiotic resistance in Salmonella infections in Southeast Asia). For the clinician, this book is a tool to generate differential diagnoses by considering the geographical history, as well the presenting symptoms and duration of illness. For the travel medicine specialist, this book provides information on risks of different diseases at various destinations and is particularly useful in advising long-term travelers.

Basic and Applied Aspects of Biotechnology

Author : Varsha Gupta
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811008752
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic and Applied Aspects of Biotechnology by : Varsha Gupta

Download or read book Basic and Applied Aspects of Biotechnology written by Varsha Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-22 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the journey of biotechnology, searching for new avenues and noting the impressive accomplishments to date. It has harmonious blend of facts, applications and new ideas. Fast-paced biotechnologies are broadly applied and are being continuously explored in areas like the environmental, industrial, agricultural and medical sciences. The sequencing of the human genome has opened new therapeutic opportunities and enriched the field of medical biotechnology while analysis of biomolecules using proteomics and microarray technologies along with the simultaneous discovery and development of new modes of detection are paving the way for ever-faster and more reliable diagnostic methods. Life-saving bio-pharmaceuticals are being churned out at an amazing rate, and the unraveling of biological processes has facilitated drug designing and discovery processes. Advances in regenerative medical technologies (stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and gene therapy) look extremely promising, transcending the limitations of all existing fields and opening new dimensions for characterizing and combating diseases.

Malaria

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309045278
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (452 download)

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Book Synopsis Malaria by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Malaria written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.